v0.4.7 — the switching game: track order, the cut on your own card, and four rules

Eight play reports and one design that had been written up and not built. The
through-line is switching: what a card can hold, which end of a train a cut comes
off, which way a train meets cars standing on the line, and what the board and the
log say about all of it.

TRACK ORDER FOR STANDING CARS, AND THE CUT ON YOUR OWN CARD

Two reports turned out to be one root cause. `TrackCard.standing` claimed "in track
order (§A.3)" and had no defined orientation at all, while `CrewTray.consist` does
(nose first, relative to facing) — so every transfer between them was a conversion
nothing performed. §A.3 says what it should be: cars occupy the track "in the same
order they originally held, left-to-right". Left-to-right is west-to-east, and that
is now the defined orientation of `standing` and of an industry track through
`carsOn`. It is the board's orientation, not the train's, so it does not change when
a different train touches the card.

  - Setting out is batch-invariant. Four cars at once, four singles and two pairs
    parked three different orders, one of them physically impossible. Successive
    cuts off the same end stack up towards the engine, so the insertion point is the
    train's own place in the row.
  - Approaching a cut from either end now mirrors. `couples` is built nearest-first
    along the direction of travel and reverses onto the nose, so the farthest car met
    ends up nose-most — which is what makes a run-around worth its Move.
  - A train no longer drives through its own cut. The walk began at the neighbour of
    the start square and never read the start card, so a crew could set cars out and
    pull straight away from them. Coupling is mandatory (§A.4) and your own square is
    no exception; the cut counts against the four-car limit. Setting out off the end
    you are not leaving by still works.

`CrewTray.standingWest` records where a train stands among the cars on its card — a
train may set out off both ends on one square, so which side a cut is on is not
recoverable from the array alone.

On the board, the cut is drawn split at the train — west cars left, east cars right,
engine in the gap — and each car's tooltip says whether it stands ahead of or behind
the engine. The history says which end a cut came off, and a move's button separates
"takes your own boxcar back off this card" from cars found standing on the line.

Decided: taking your own cut back on the square you are standing on is UNDOING the
drop. It is exempt from trains 3/4's per-location freight budget, X13's "drop but not
pick up" and X22's "empties only", and it refunds the budget the drop spent.
Otherwise a legal-looking drop becomes silently one-way.

Measured, 200 paired seeds, developer bot: -0.55 revenue (t = -3.63), freight revenue
1.11 -> 0.56. That cost is the bot's, not the rule's — its trains run engine-first,
so at a stub industry it sets a car out between itself and the only way out, and the
correct play is §A.5's facing-point move, which is the cross-turn planning TODO.md
already records as out of reach of any bot. Filtering self-recoupling moves out of its
options took recoupling from 625 of 1,029 set-outs to 101 of 677, and all 101 that
remain are that case. Read the number as a bot measurement, not a balance one.

THE SUPERINTENDENT'S RULING NAMES THE TRAINS IT IS ABOUT

Reported: the Superintendent could not tell which train he was clearing. The heading
asks the question now — "may Train 6 follow Train 4 onto the same Mainline card?" —
and the trains moved to the FRONT of each button, because the button splits its label
at the first em-dash and showed only the head.

AN INDUSTRY TRACK HOLDS FOUR CARS, LIKE EVERY OTHER CARD

Reported at undo 188: "we wanted to drop two cars, but were only allowed to drop one."
An industry track was built as long as its box count, so a one-box industry had room
for one car. Box count is how much WORK an industry can hold, not how much RAIL it
has. Ordinary track was the other exception, unbounded; both are gone and every card
holds four.

THE FREIGHT AGENT MAY STAGE A LOAD BEFORE THE CAR IS THERE

§6.3 asks nothing of the industry track — the empty car belongs to §9.3's Load the
car, which is the Laborer's action. The gate now lives only there, so cargo can wait
on the dock while the car to ship it in is still being switched in. Nothing can jam:
a load in a green box is waiting, not stuck.

THE TRUCK DOCK UNLOADS, AND BRINGS NOBODY

+1 inbound, no Laborer. It printed +1 outbound and +1 Laborer, which made it a
longer-host-list copy of Forklifts. Beside Packing Sheds it now does nothing at all,
and the hand tooltip says so before it is played.

Also in this release, from the days before: Mainline card tooltips computed from the
crossing rule; an Extra starts from the Division Point its number sends it to; a
modifier's suppressed grant comes back when a Whistle Post is upgraded; the Oil
Refinery and the Grocer's Warehouse ship as well as receive, per the card reference;
and the dormant defences name the attack they answer. `.claude/` is now gitignored —
it holds Claude Code's worktrees, i.e. a second checkout of this repository.

570 tests, typecheck clean. The three published replays were re-recorded twice —
legality changed, so bot play changed. Full detail in CHANGELOG.md.

.gitignore

@@ -15,6 +15,13 @@ target/
 __pycache__/
 *.pyc
 
+# Claude Code's own state — session checkpoints and the git worktrees it works in.
+#
+# NOT ignored until now, so `git add -A` in the repo root would have staged
+# `.claude/worktrees/`: a whole second checkout of this repository, committed into itself. Nothing
+# in here is a source file and none of it should travel with the package.
+.claude/
+
 # Env
 .env
 .env.local

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -19,7 +19,905 @@ page as `v0.1.0 · <sha> · <date>`, so what is deployed can always be identifie
 
 ---
 
-## Unreleased
+## 0.4.7 — 2026-08-19
+
+Eight play reports and one design that had been written up and not built. The through-line is the
+switching game: what a card can hold, which end of a train a cut comes off, which way a train meets
+cars standing on the line, and what the board and the log say about all of it.
+
+### Track order for standing cars, and the cut you left on your own card
+
+**Reported, twice, and it turned out to be one bug wearing two faces:**
+
+> "If I put cars off the nose on a given track, and my next move is go forward, I need to couple
+> those cars right back on. If I drop cars off the back and I move back, then I will automatically
+> recouple the cars onto the back of my train. Right after dropping my cars I need to be able to see
+> if those cars are ahead or behind the train."
+
+> "When dropping all 4 cars, order was reversed. It worked properly if we dropped cars individually.
+> Also, when adding four cars, again the order was reversed."
+
+**The single root cause.** `TrackCard.standing` was a bare array whose doc comment claimed "in track
+order (§A.3)" and which in fact had **no defined orientation at all**. `CrewTray.consist` *is*
+oriented — nose first, relative to `facing` — so every transfer between the two is a conversion that
+nothing performed. §A.3 says what the orientation should be outright: cars "occupy the track, in the
+same order they originally held, **left-to-right**". Left-to-right is west-to-east.
+
+So `standing` (and an industry track through `carsOn`) now runs **west to east**, which is the
+board's own orientation rather than whichever train last touched the card. Three consequences, each
+of which was one of the reports:
+
+- **Setting out is batch-invariant.** A drop costs no Moves, so one drop of four and four drops of
+  one are the same turn played two ways — and they parked three different orders, one of them
+  physically impossible (`2+2` gave `reefer tank boxcar hopper`). Successive cuts off the same end
+  stack up *towards* the engine, so the insertion point is the train's own place in the row, and all
+  three now park identically.
+- **Approaching a cut from either end mirrors.** `couples` was accumulated in path order with no
+  reference to the direction of travel, so running onto a parked cut eastbound and westbound gave the
+  **identical** consist. It is built nearest-first along the direction of travel now, and reverses on
+  its way onto the nose — the farthest car met ends up nose-most, which is what makes a run-around
+  worth the Move it costs.
+- **A train no longer drives through its own cut.** The movement walk began at the *neighbour* of the
+  start square and never read the start card at all, so a crew could set cars out and pull straight
+  away from them in either direction. Coupling is mandatory (§A.4) and your own square is no
+  exception: pulling out through the end the cut sits at picks it back up, and the cut counts against
+  the four-car limit. Setting out off the end you are *not* leaving by still works, which is the whole
+  reason the choice of end is a decision.
+
+**`CrewTray.standingWest`** records where a train stands among the cars on its card — a train may set
+out off both ends on one square, so which side a cut is on is not recoverable from the array alone.
+It answers all three questions that needed it: which cut a departing train must couple, which cars are
+ahead of the engine and which behind, and which side of the chip the board draws them on.
+
+**On the board.** The cut used to be drawn as one strip along the bottom of the card whether a train
+was there or not, so "are those cars ahead or behind" had no answer in the picture. The row is split
+at the train now — west cars left, east cars right, the engine in the gap — and every car's tooltip
+says *"standing AHEAD of the engine — it would couple onto the nose pulling forward"* or the reverse.
+The history says which end a cut came off, and a move's button distinguishes *"takes your own empty
+boxcar back off this card"* from cars found standing on the line.
+
+**The printed-rule interaction, decided.** Trains 3/4 spend a per-location freight budget on setting
+out, so recoupling would have been refused with `FREIGHT_WORKED_HERE` and a legal-looking drop would
+have become silently one-way — same shape for X13's "drop but not pick up" and X22's "empties only".
+Taking your own cut back on the square you are standing on is **undoing the drop**: exempt from those
+restrictions, and the budget is refunded. The alternative — treat it as an ordinary pick-up — never
+strands a train, since backing up stays legal, but it makes a legal-looking move a trap, which is
+exactly what the "why can't I move" panel exists to prevent.
+
+**Measured**, 200 paired seeds, developer bot: **-0.55 revenue** (SE 0.15, t = -3.63), 3 seeds better,
+27 worse, 170 identical, with freight revenue 1.11 → 0.56. This is a real cost and it is the bot's,
+not the rule's. The bot's trains run engine-first with every car behind, so at a stub industry it sets
+a car out *between itself and the only way out* — and the correct play is §A.5's "facing point" move,
+shoving the car in ahead of the engine and backing out, which is the same cross-turn planning
+`TODO.md` already records as out of reach of any bot. What the bot could be taught, it was: moves that
+drag its own cut back on are filtered out of its options before any heuristic sees them, which took
+recoupling from **625 of 1,029 set-outs in 60 games to 101 of 677** — and all 101 that remain are the
+stub-industry case above. Read the revenue as a bot measurement, not a balance one.
+
+Twenty-one tests in `test/cut-ordering.test.ts`: batch-invariance off both ends at both facings, the
+mirror property, the nearest-first coupling order in both directions, the round trip at every batch
+size, §A.5's trailing-point step 1, the own cut counting against the four-car limit, and the freight
+budget refunded for a 3/4 Express but still charged for a genuine pick-up. The published replays were
+re-recorded twice — legality changed, so bot play changed.
+
+### The Superintendent's ruling names the trains it is about
+
+**Reported:** the Superintendent could not tell which train he was clearing without hovering the
+button. The §8.1 clearance is the sharpest decision in the game and it was posed as "Superintendent —
+rule on this train", over buttons reading "ALLOW" and "HOLD".
+
+Which train is exactly what the ruling turns on, and it was the one thing not said. Two changes, and
+the second is the one that was actually broken:
+
+- **The heading asks the question.** The pending decision holds both trays, so it now reads *"may
+  Train 6 follow Train 4 onto the same Mainline card?"* instead of naming neither.
+- **The train moved to the FRONT of each button.** They already carried the trains and the
+  consequences — but `actionButton` splits a label at the first em-dash and shows only the head, so
+  "ALLOW — Train 6 follows Train 4…" put the whole point behind a hover. They read
+  *"ALLOW Train 6 to follow Train 4 — onto the same Mainline card, closing up behind it"* and
+  *"HOLD Train 6 — it waits where it is, losing the Stage but keeping the line clear"*, so the
+  visible half of each button is now the half that decides it.
+
+### An industry track holds four cars, like every other card
+
+**Fixed:** a crew standing at an industry could set out fewer cars than it was carrying. Reported
+from a playtest at undo 188 — *"we wanted to drop two cars, but were only allowed to drop one."*
+
+The industry track was built `length: baseOut + baseIn` cars long, so its capacity for ROLLING STOCK
+was silently its capacity for WORK. A Mine Tipple prints one green box and no red one, so it had
+room for exactly one car and refused the second; the same arithmetic gave a Power Plant one and a
+Freight House two. Nothing in the rules says this. An industry track is ordinary Operating Rail, and
+what actually limits a set-out is the same thing that limits it anywhere else: a consist may not
+exceed four cars, so four is all that can ever be shoved onto a card.
+
+`industryTrack.length` is gone rather than corrected. Leaving a number there invites the next reader
+to derive it from something, which is exactly how this happened. `spaceOn` is now one line for every
+card — `MAX_CONSIST - carsOn(card).length` — and `carsOn` picks the industry track by asking whether
+the facility is freight, which is what the length was standing in for.
+
+**Also fixed, in the same place:** ordinary track was *unbounded*. It could be piled with five or
+more cars, and once it was, no train could legally couple them — mandatory coupling would exceed
+four — so the pile was unrecoverable. Both exceptions are gone; there is one rule now.
+
+**Changed:** the siding graphic is off the industry cards. Every renderer drew one empty square per
+unit of capacity, along the bottom of the card and labelled *siding* in the panels. It asserted two
+things that are not true: that an industry card prints a siding, and that the siding is as long as
+the box count. No industry card prints one. Industry cards now draw what is standing on them and
+nothing more, exactly as a plain straight does, and the panel row is relabelled *spotted*.
+
+A Modifier still adds its box and never adds room for a car. A Grocer's Warehouse receives into one
+red box; set a Truck Dock beside it and it has two. Neither number has anything to do with how many
+cars fit in front of it, which was four before the Truck Dock arrived and is four after.
+
+**Test note:** `spots cars on industry tracks` went red on this change while measuring an
+improvement. It summed cars left spotted across eight seeds, and across those eight the old engine
+managed exactly ONE — a coin-flip standing in for the claim "structurally zero". With longer tracks
+the bot leaves whole cuts instead of single cars, which lands on fewer seeds and delivers more cars
+(22 against 19 over forty games). Widened to twenty seeds so it fails for the reason it names.
+
+### The Truck Dock unloads, and brings nobody
+
+**Changed:** the Truck Dock is now **+1 inbound slot, no Laborer**. It printed +1 outbound and +1
+Laborer, which made it a longer-host-list copy of Forklifts — three of the seventeen Modifiers were
+the same card with different names on them. A dock is where a truck backs up to take delivery, so it
+adds the red box rather than the green one, and pays for the only inbound grant in the deck by
+bringing no man to work it.
+
+Two consequences, both intended and both visible before the card is played:
+
+- **Beside Packing Sheds it now does nothing at all.** Packing Sheds is `flow: 'outbound'`, and
+  `usableGrant` drops a grant on a direction its host cannot use — the same rule that used to swallow
+  the Ice House's outbound slot at a Grocer's, running the other way. The hand tooltip reads
+  *"+1 in · goes beside Freight House or Packing Sheds or Grocer's Warehouse · Packing Sheds only
+  ships, so the inbound slot does nothing there"*, which is the whole decision stated while the card
+  is still in hand.
+- **It is the first Modifier that grants no worker.** A facility's Laborer count no longer rises with
+  every card set beside it, so an unloading industry can now be capacity-rich and man-poor — which is
+  a queue at the industry track, not a bug.
+
+Every tooltip, the panel's grant lines and the card reference are computed from `MODIFIER_PROFILES`,
+so the one data change carries all of them; nothing prints the old numbers.
+
+**Measured**, 200 paired seeds, developer bot: **-0.03 revenue**, 0 seeds better, 4 worse, 196
+identical, with a Truck Dock standing at the end of 16 games either way. Neutral for the bot, which
+places one in 8% of games and does not plan around unloading capacity. A human building toward a
+Power Plant or a Grocer's is the player who feels this, and the harness cannot see that.
+
+Both published replays that depended on the old grant went dead and were re-recorded
+(`node src/sim/save-replay.ts 400 --top 3`). They went dead twice more before this release shipped —
+the cut-ordering work above changed what is legal — so the three the site publishes are
+`seed-2717217`, `seed-404869` and `seed-2701379`, all recorded against the final rules.
+
+### Mainline cards say what they do
+
+**Reported:** "mainline cards need a tooltip stating what they do. Hilly and Uncontrolled Siding — I
+have no idea the impact they have on game play."
+
+Both are invisible without one: **Hilly** charges freight double what it charges passengers, and
+**Uncontrolled Siding** is one of only two cards where a following train is not stuck behind a slower
+one. The tip carried the card's name and its modifiers and nothing else.
+
+Crossing times are **computed by `crossingStages`** rather than written out, so a tooltip cannot
+drift from the rule it describes — including the Hilly split, which is decided by whether the train
+carries a coach:
+
+> **Hilly** — P60 / F30 — a train carrying ANY coach crosses as a 60 (1 Stage for a fast train), and
+> a freight-only train as a 30 (2 Stages). A slow train adds one Stage either way. · One train at a
+> time — anything following has to wait for it to clear.
+
+> **Uncontrolled Siding** — 60 — 1 Stage for a fast train, 2 Stages for a slow one. · TRAINS MAY
+> PASS — two trains may stand on this card at once, so a following train is not held behind a slower
+> one. The Double Track and the Uncontrolled Siding are the only cards that allow it.
+
+### An Extra starts where its number sends it
+
+**Reported:** "Extras should start at Eastern or Western Division point based on their numbers. Even
+trains run to the east (start at western DP), odd run to the west (start at eastern DP). They can
+also start at a control point (any office except whistlepost) at player's choice."
+
+Every Extra used to launch **eastbound from the West Division Point**, hardcoded, with the
+simplification flagged in a comment — so half of them ran the wrong way and the Control Point option
+did not exist. §2.3's "odd runs west, even runs east" now governs an Extra exactly as it governs a
+timetabled train, and the New Train phase **stops for the decision** the same way it stops to have
+cars placed. Measured over 60 deals: 32 Extras started at the West Division Point and 29 at the East,
+where before it was 61 and 0.
+
+A Control Point is any Office above a Whistle Post, so upgrading is what buys the option — `check`
+refuses a Whistle Post, and an Extra starting at an Office takes an A/D track like any other arrival.
+
+### A modifier's grant comes back when the Office can use it
+
+**Reported:** "Restaurant attached to a whistle stop, then upgrade to depot — depot only shows one
+green / one red box. I expected two, because Restaurant increases outbound by one."
+
+Exactly right. `hosts: ['office']` includes a Whistle Post, which is **not** a Passenger Facility, so
+`usableGrant` correctly dropped the +1 outbound when the card was played — and it was gone for good,
+because the upgrade only ever applied the difference between two tiers and knew nothing about what
+had been discarded. The porter landed, because porters have no direction gate, which is why the
+Restaurant looked half-applied rather than suppressed.
+
+`TrackCard.modifiers` already records which Modifiers served a facility, so what was dropped is
+recoverable: when the Office becomes a Passenger Facility, each of them is granted the capacity it
+always printed. Keyed on the **transition**, so a Depot → Station upgrade does not pay them twice.
+
+### The Grocer's Warehouse ships as well as receives
+
+**Reported:** "grocer's warehouse didn't get extra outbound slot for truck dock."
+
+It could not — and the reason was in the card data, not the modifier code. `card-reference.md`:
+
+| Facility | Car | Direction | Laborers | Out | In | Track |
+| --- | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
+| Grocer's Warehouse | Boxcar | **Both** | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
+| Oil Refinery | Tank car | **Both** | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
+
+and in prose: *"'Freight House' is not a card. It is the collective term for a freight facility that
+loads **and** unloads — the Grocer's Warehouse and the Oil Refinery."* The engine had the Grocer's
+inbound-only and the Refinery outbound-only, so §9.3's "Passenger Facilities and Freight Houses
+permit cars to move each direction" named **neither of them**, and every Modifier grant on the
+missing direction was silently dropped — Truck Dock, Ice House and Forklifts at the Grocer's, and
+every inbound grant at the Refinery.
+
+`TODO.md` had recorded this in v0.4.2 as *"checked, and there is no bug"*, on the reasoning that a
+Grocer's is inbound-only. **That premise was the bug**, and the note is corrected.
+
+Base capacities stay at the engine's own scale — 1 per direction a facility allows — rather than the
+card reference's 2/2. Every industry here is scaled down the same way, Mine Tipple included, so
+raising one alone would be a balance change rather than a correction. Two things left for Jesse in
+`TODO.md`: those numbers, and the fact that the engine deals a **Freight House card** (6 copies) that
+the rules say is not a card at all.
+
+### A defence goes out with the attack it answers
+
+**Reported:** "just like the opponent directed cards are removed from the solitaire game, remove any
+of the defensive cards whose only purpose is to answer them (Facing Point Locks and Water Column and
+???). No need to have them in the deck when they can never be used."
+
+The third is the **Overpass**, and there is a fourth: Facing Point Locks exists twice, once as an
+Enhancement and once as a Mainline modifier. Seven cards in all, and every one of them answers a card
+that is already held out of the deck:
+
+| Card | Copies | Answers | Which is a… |
+| --- | ---: | --- | --- |
+| Facing Point Locks (Enhancement) | 2 | Derail | Action card |
+| Facing Point Locks (Mainline modifier) | 2 | Derail | Action card |
+| Water column | 2 | Watertower | Space-use card |
+| Overpass | 1 | Railroad crossing | Action card |
+
+The engine already knew two of them were dead — `ENHANCEMENT_RULES` marks Facing Point Locks and the
+Water Column `dormantSolo`, and the Overpass is the one card with no code path at all — and dealt
+them anyway. The pairing now lives **on the card**, as `SimpleCard.answers`, so it is visible where
+the card is defined and they come back automatically the moment `opponentCardsInDeck` does.
+
+The dealt deck drops 213 → **206**. The catalogue is unchanged, and so are the rules: the tests that
+exercise Facing Point Locks and the Water Column now mint the card directly rather than fishing it
+out of a deck that deliberately no longer contains it — a rule nobody exercises is a rule that rots,
+and these fire the moment their attacker returns.
+
+*Also:* a pending Extra's placement now gets its own heading naming the Extra and its card. It had
+landed in the "Making up the train" group, which — with no tray being filled — had no train to name.
+
+### Measured drift
+
+- **Deals producing a completed unload: 12 in 40 → 6 in 40.** The Grocer's can ship now, so the bot
+  often loads there instead of unloading. Unloads themselves are unharmed — 30 completed across the
+  40 deals measured after the change — and the test that needed one widened its sample rather than
+  lowering its bar.
+- **Moves per productive act: ~8 → 9.9**, with the crew doing *more* work (1.48 → 1.84 acts a game),
+  not less. Westbound Extras exist for the first time and the Grocer's gives more switching worth
+  doing; a crew shuttling for its own sake would show this ratio climbing while the work stood still.
+- Both published replays were re-recorded: the rules genuinely moved.
+- **Three reachability canaries were under-powered and are now sampled properly**, not relaxed. The
+  anomaly check ran 60 games while its rarest subject, Red Flags, fires in about 4 games in 200 — so
+  it reported "unreachable" on the luck of the draw, which is the opposite of what a canary is for;
+  it runs 200 now. The sound test pooled three deals while coupling happens in 39 games in 200, and
+  on this seed stride the first game that couples anything is index 13 — twelve seeds still contained
+  none, so it pools 24. The action-list width bound went 13 → 14, re-measured across five seeds in
+  all three opening deals.
+### The Freight Agent may stage a load before the car is there
+
+**Reported:** "A freight agent should be able to load an outbound green box prior to having the car
+there that matches the load that he's putting in there. But in order for the laborers to move it
+from the green box into the men at work track, they would need to have an empty car of the
+appropriate type waiting there."
+
+Correct on both halves, and the engine had the requirement one step too early. §6.3 lists what the
+Freight Agent does — *"select one Rolling Stock from the Division Yard pile and place it onto a
+Facility's green Outbound box"* — and asks for nothing on the industry track. The empty car belongs
+to §9.3's **Load the car**: *"a load in the Green Loading Box and an empty car of the required type
+on the industry's track"*. That is the Laborer action, the one that walks the load Green → MEN → AT →
+WORK.
+
+`freightAgent.stockOutbound` was rejecting with `NO_EMPTY_CAR_SPOTTED` when no matching empty was
+spotted, which made the ordinary sequence illegal: you could not have the cargo waiting on the dock
+while the car to ship it in was still being switched in. Now the gate lives only on
+`laborer.startLoad`, where `startableLoad` already enforced it — including the type match and the
+count against loads already staged or on the sign, so two loads can never walk toward one car.
+
+**Nothing can jam as a result.** A load in a green box is *waiting*, not stuck; only a load on
+MEN | AT | WORK locks the industry track (§9.3). The staged load simply sits there until a crew sets
+an empty car out.
+
+Also updated so nothing still says the old order:
+
+- **Impediments** told players to "bring one in with a crew FIRST, then the Freight Agent can stage a
+  load onto it". They are not bound to that order — it now reports the empty siding as the second
+  errand rather than a reason to hold the Freight Agent back.
+- **The bot** ranks a stock whose load a Laborer can start next Stage above one that must wait; it
+  falls back to staging ahead rather than wasting the option. Previously "first legal stock" was
+  enough because only ready facilities were offered. 40 games: revenue and trains unchanged, cards
+  played 16.8 → 16.9 — the bot barely exercises the new freedom, which is a human's to use.
+
+Four tests: stocking over a bare industry track, stocking still refused with no matching loaded car
+in the Division Yard, a staged load held in the box until an empty is spotted and started once it is,
+and a spotted car of the wrong type not counting.
+
+## 0.4.6 — 2026-08-16
+
+Four play reports in one release: trains that seemed to move before you could work them, a train card
+you could not look at again, a switching list that never said which train it meant, and a Freight
+Agent button that looked like it might be where the money was.
+
+### Why did that train move? The history now says
+
+**Reported:** "some trains seem to be moving before I can switch or do other operations on them. It
+may be that the rules as written and implemented are just wrong. It may be that it's my perception."
+
+It was perception — but the log was feeding it, in one place with an outright falsehood.
+
+**The arrival line was wrong about Expedite.** It said an expedited train *"leaves again this same
+Mainline Phase; there is no turn in which to work it"*. The expedited departure was moved to
+Supervisor Shift precisely so the Porters and Laborers get their Stage with the train, so **Cargo is
+available and only Local Operations is not** — the log was talking players out of the one turn they
+had. Both branches now name the phases:
+
+> Train 8 ARRIVED at the Whistle Post carrying loaded boxcar, empty coach — it stands here for the
+> rest of this Stage. You can work it in Cargo now, switch it in the NEXT Stage's Local Operations,
+> and it departs in that Stage's Mainline Phase.
+
+**Every departure now carries the rule that released it.** They all read alike before, so the one
+that matters — an Expedited train going at the end of the Stage it arrived — looked exactly like an
+ordinary train going a Stage later:
+
+> Train 8 HIGHBALLED — departed the Western Division Point onto the Mainline. **Why now:** it was
+> made up and the Subdivision ahead was clear, so its run begins
+
+**EXPEDITE TURNS OUT TO BE CONDITIONAL**, which is most of why it feels arbitrary at the table.
+`shiftChange` has always said so in a comment — *"an expedited train that would need a ruling simply
+stays, and runs normally next Stage"* — and it happens often: on one seed with ordinary traffic
+running, Train 6 The Sparrow was held this way and collected **four** Local Operations turns instead
+of none. That was silent. It now says so, and the card and the arrival line no longer promise that an
+Expedited train can never be switched.
+
+Three tests pin the claims the log makes, so a phase-order change cannot leave the narration lying:
+an ordinary train gets a Local Operations turn and leaves in a Mainline Phase; an Expedited train
+alone on the Division gets Cargo, no Local Operations, and leaves in Supervisor Shift; an Expedited
+train held for a ruling gets its Local Operations turns after all.
+
+*Also fixed:* a Division Point departure was narrated as a **fake phase marker** — "▸ train 8
+highballed phase" — and the new departure line reported the wrong end of the railroad, because it
+read the train's position after `enterMainline` had already moved it onto the Mainline.
+
+### The train's card, after the card is gone
+
+**Reported:** "once a train card's been played, how would I see that particular train card again —
+what it's allowed to do and not allowed to do, and how it has to be loaded? Could I see it on a
+timetable tooltip? If a train is on the board, could its tooltip include its special rules?"
+
+Yes to both. `trainRules` already produced the card as one line and the Office card already showed
+it; it now also rides on:
+
+- **the Timetable** — hovering a slot gives the train's card under `ITS CARD —`, which is where a
+  player already looks for that train;
+- **the Division map chip** — a train out on the Mainline can now be asked what it is, which is
+  exactly where "why did that leave without me?" gets asked.
+
+Two lines in that card were wrong and are corrected. **The coach rule** said *"a cut carrying it may
+only be set out at the Office"*, which reads as a place you can do it — you cannot, §A.4 refuses the
+Office square outright, so the coach can never be set out anywhere. **The Expedite rule** said only
+"it departs in the same Stage it arrives", which is true and useless; it now names the phases, and
+the clearance exception above.
+
+### Which train are you switching?
+
+**Reported from play:** "when switching, make it clear which train you are switching — it is possible
+to have more than one train available."
+
+A train standing on an A/D track while a local shunts is ordinary, and the page got it wrong twice
+over. `Frame.moves` was built from the **first tray in the map**, with a comment admitting it — *"One
+crew. Solitaire has one, and with more the answer would depend on which is selected — a question the
+page does not yet ask."* So the board highlighted one crew's reachable squares while the action list
+offered every crew's moves under a single "Switching" heading of bare coordinates.
+
+Worse, and not noticed until this was pulled apart: identical labels were collapsed across the whole
+action kind. *"move to (0, 2)"* describes one crew's move exactly as it describes another's, so **one
+of the two was silently dropped and could not be chosen at all** — a legal move with no button.
+
+Now:
+
+- **One heading per crew**, naming the train and where it stands — *"Switching Train 8, standing at
+  (-1, -3)"*. The train is named in the heading rather than on every button, so the buttons stay
+  short.
+- **A "Which train are you switching?" row** when there is more than one, and the crew chosen there
+  is the crew whose squares the board draws. One crew at a time on purpose: every crew's highlights
+  at once merge into a blob and stop meaning "here is where *this* train can go".
+- **De-duplication is per crew**, so two trains that can both reach the same square each get a button.
+- **A train that may not switch is not offered as one.** `movesFor` is pure track geometry and six
+  cards print "no switching", which `check` enforces and it does not — the Circus Train was being
+  offered as a crew to switch, with every one of its moves refused.
+
+Display state, deliberately not in the game: which train a player is looking at is not a fact about
+the railroad, and two players may reasonably be looking at different ones.
+
+*Found while fixing it:* the grouping key had briefly been `type + separator + trayId`, and a stray
+byte in that separator collapsed every crew back into one group. The crew now travels as **data on
+the entry** rather than encoded into a map key that `GROUP_ORDER` also prefix-matches on.
+
+### The Freight Agent's red box says what it does, and what it does not pay
+
+**Reported:** "it wasn't obvious if that was a mechanical thing or if that's the actual revenue
+generation. I believe that's actually where you get the revenue, and that completes unloading the
+car."
+
+It is the mechanical one, and the button now says so. The Revenue for an inbound load is paid **one
+step earlier** — §9.3: *"The last [Laborer] places the load on a red Unloading box. **Earn a Revenue
+point.**"* Clearing the box is §6.3's Freight Agent operation, *"select one Rolling Stock from a
+Facility's red Inbound box and place it into the Classification Yard pile"*, and the printed rule
+attaches no Revenue to it. Confirmed against the engine as well as the rules: `clearInbound` emits
+`inboundCleared` alone, with no `revenueChanged` beside it, and the score does not move.
+
+    clear red box at (0,0)
+
+becomes
+
+    send the loaded coach in the red Inbound box at (0,0) to the Classification Yard — pays nothing
+    (the Revenue was paid when the passengers detrained); it frees the last slot so more passengers
+    can detrain here
+
+The wording follows the facility: an inbound freight load and a coach whose passengers have detrained
+both wait in the same red box, and both were paid for a step earlier.
+
+### Making up a Local says which order the cars go on in
+
+**Reported from play:** "I can't drop a car at all — trying to get an empty to an industry, but I
+can't drop any cars on the siding first." Chased through two wrong guesses (it was not movement, and
+it was not the 0.4.5 fix falling short) to a single train and a single arrangement.
+
+Trains **7/8 Local** print *"coach must remain on station track if switching"*, which the engine
+reads as "the coach is never set out". A cut always comes off an **outer end**, so if the coach is on
+one outer end and the engine is on the other, every cut on offer contains the coach — and the train
+is locked. It cannot set out its freight car, and it cannot even uncouple to **run around**, because
+that means leaving the coach standing too. The one escape is a Small Yard, of which there is exactly
+1 copy in the 213-card deck.
+
+All six arrangements, checked against the rules rather than reasoned about:
+
+```
+ENGINE boxcar coach     NOTHING — the train is locked
+boxcar ENGINE coach     can set out: boxcar
+boxcar coach ENGINE     can set out: boxcar
+ENGINE coach boxcar     can set out: boxcar
+coach ENGINE boxcar     can set out: boxcar
+coach boxcar ENGINE     NOTHING — the train is locked
+```
+
+Two of six lock, and they are exactly the two where the coach holds one outer end and the engine
+holds the other. **It is only the Local.** Over 60 games, every other train that stood in a district
+with cars where a set-out was allowed managed one — Drag Freight, Heavy Freight, the Freight Extra,
+the Director's private car, Yard Xfer, Appleseed — 127 positions, zero blocked. The Local: 1,181
+positions, every one refused, all `COACH_MUST_STAY`.
+
+The cruelty is that the locking order `ENGINE boxcar coach` is both the prototypical mixed-train
+make-up and what the game naturally produces: cars are appended as they are clicked with the engine
+on the nose, so the **last car added takes the outer end**, and the freight car is the natural first
+pick.
+
+**So the make-up panel now says so.** The whole remedy is "do not add the coach last", and it is
+stated at the only moment it can still be acted on:
+
+- nothing on the train yet → *"Add the coach FIRST… ENGINE, coach, freight is the order that works."*
+- coach on, freight still to come → *"Now add the freight car — it takes the outer end, leaving the
+  coach safely inside."* A **hint**, not a warning: the coach lands on the outer end the moment it
+  goes on, including for the player who has just been told to put it there, and colouring that as a
+  mistake punishes them for taking the advice.
+- coach on the outer end with nothing left to add → a real **warning**, because there is no next step.
+- freight already on and the coach still to come → *"send it out without the coach if you want it to
+  work the district"*, since "add the coach first" is advice it is too late to take.
+
+Shown **only** for a train the order can lock, so it is not a standing caption a player learns to
+skip — every other train, and a Local with no coach coming, get nothing.
+
+**The rules are untouched.** This is guidance, not a rules change; the open §A.4 question about where
+the Local's coach stands while its engine works is still open in `TODO.md`, and answering it (letting
+the coach be set out at the Office, as the card's wording suggests) would let the prototypical
+make-up work and make this advice unnecessary.
+
+**Verified end to end**, not just unit-tested: played to a real Local make-up, followed the advice
+through both steps, and confirmed the resulting `ENGINE coach boxcar` can set a car out.
+
+## 0.4.5 — 2026-08-14
+
+### A train can back out of a curve again
+
+**Reported one commit after 0.4.4 shipped:** "seems like I can't drop a car at all. I'm trying to
+switch to get an empty car to an industry, but I can't drop any cars on the siding first."
+
+Setting out a cut needs no Move and is refused almost nowhere — but you may only set out where the
+train **is**, and the Office square is barred outright (§A.4). So "I cannot drop" is nearly always
+"I cannot get there", and getting there means leaving the Running Track through a turnout and a
+curve. 0.4.4 fixed the forward half of exactly that and left the reverse half wrong:
+
+- **Forward** exits by `facing` — fixed in 0.4.4 to read the card's far end rather than assuming
+  `opposite(entry)`.
+- **Reverse** still exited by `opposite(facing)`, which is the other end of a **straight** and of
+  nothing else. A crew facing north on a north-west curve backs out through **west**; `opposite('n')`
+  is a south port the card does not have, and `exploreMoves` returns nothing at all from a port the
+  card lacks.
+
+So 0.4.4 moved the problem rather than solving it. Before it, a crew that rounded a curve could only
+back out; after it, a crew could only carry on. Either way a siding entered one way could not be left
+the other, and a siding that had to be *backed* into could not be entered at all.
+
+`reversePort` now asks the card for its other end, the same way `farPort` does going forward. A train
+always stands on a two-port card — §A.1 forbids finishing a Move on a turnout — so there is exactly
+one other end to find.
+
+**How much of the board this was hiding.** Over 25 bot games, at 1,937 points where a crew could have
+been switching, comparing what the board highlights now against what it highlighted before:
+
+| | |
+| --- | --- |
+| squares offered, before → now | 7,461 → 10,040 (**+35%**) |
+| positions hiding at least one legal square | 694 (**35.8%**) |
+| positions with **no legal move at all** | 300 (**15.5%**) |
+
+Both figures understate it: the "before" reckoning was run with occupancy ignored, so it was allowed
+squares that another train was actually sitting on. A crew counted as stuck was stuck even on the
+generous reading.
+
+**Tests.** The failing case is pinned three ways — backing off a curve, carrying on round one, and
+the whole errand from the report: take a cut off the Running Track into a siding, set it out, and
+come back for the industry. That last one fails on 0.4.4 with *"the crew is stranded on the siding —
+it cannot return to the Running Track"*, which is the report in one line.
+
+`sim.test.ts` needed a wider sample rather than a lower bar: crews now have real switching to do, so
+the bot lays fewer track pieces per game and five seeds no longer produced the 40 placements the
+dead-end **rate** is measured over. Eight seeds now, same stride; the rate itself came out at 0.147
+against a bar of 0.25.
+
+## 0.4.4 — 2026-08-14
+
+Out of a play session: engines that pointed north, a card whose name collided with five other things,
+a New Game dialog that only asked for a seed — and then, chasing a mirrored consist, two movement
+bugs that had been there all along.
+
+Both playtest reports were confirmed against Jesse's own saved game,
+`docs/station-master-seed493290760-day2.json` (seed 493290760, two Days, 127 intents), which is kept
+as the evidence for what follows.
+
+### A curve is not a straight, and a train that rounds one knows it
+
+**Reported:** "a train reversed into a siding and the display of the cars was reversed."
+
+`facing` is the port the engine would leave by, and a Move recorded it as `opposite(entry)`. That is
+the far end of a **straight** and of nothing else: a curve is an arc between two ADJACENT edges, so a
+train entering a north-west curve through its west port comes out facing **north**, not east. Every
+train that rounded a curve was left facing a port its own card does not have.
+
+Two things went wrong with that, and only the second was visible:
+
+- **Movement.** `movesFor` explores from `facing`, and a port the card lacks yields no destinations
+  at all — so a crew that rounded a curve could only ever back out the way it came. It could not
+  continue round the corner it had just taken.
+- **Display.** The east-west sense the board draws is carried from `facing`, so a curve that had
+  really turned the engine west could leave the board still drawing it east — the consist mirrored,
+  which is what was seen.
+
+The forward case now asks the **card** for its far end (`farPort`). The reverse case is unchanged and
+was already right: backing up, the engine trails and points out through the port the train came in
+by, whatever the track does underneath — there is a test pinning that so the fix cannot drift into it.
+
+**The reported moment, out of the save.** Three times in two Days the crew backs off the Running
+Track into the curved siding at (1,-2) — a `sw` arc, so entering it from the south leaves the engine
+facing south. Intent #109, drawn both ways:
+
+```
+came from (0,0) office [ew]     west  cab tnk [>]  east
+BEFORE the fix                  west  [v] box tnk cab  east
+AFTER  the fix                  west  cab tnk box [>]  east
+```
+
+The engine was on the east end before the move and is on the east end after it — backing up does not
+turn a train around. The old renderer flipped the whole strip to nose-left the moment `facing` stopped
+being `'e'`, which is precisely the mirroring that was reported.
+
+### A train leaving a district drops its spur port
+
+The same family, found while fixing the above. Nothing reset `facing` when a train left an Office, so
+a crew that had been shunted onto a north-south spur carried a compass port out onto a Division that
+runs east and west — and then into the next Office, whose card has no north or south edge at all.
+With neither `facing` nor its opposite on the card, `movesFor` returned nothing in either direction:
+**the train arrived at the next Office unable to make a single Move.** It also drew a ▲ on the
+Division map, where there is no north to point at.
+
+A train out there is running one way along an east-west railroad with its engine at one end, so
+`enterMainline` now says so. This is the same stale port that made the ▲ on the Division map — the
+`railFacing` change above stopped it being *drawn*, and this stops it existing.
+
+### Departures after Cargo: investigated, not a bug — but one card contradicts itself
+
+Also reported: "a train left at the end of the Cargo phase — shouldn't it wait for the next Mainline
+phase?" It should not, and it did not: **only Expedite trains do this**, which is Q3 working as
+agreed. In the save it is **6 The Sparrow**, twice — arriving in Stage 9's Mainline and highballing
+in Stage 9's Supervisor Shift, then the same in Stage 10 of Day 2. The one non-Expedite train in the
+game, 12 Drag Freight, arrived in Stage 8 and left three Stages later in a **Mainline** phase, exactly
+as it should. Measured more widely, over 40 bot games, the split is perfect: every departure with no
+Local Operations turn was an Expedite train, and every non-Expedite train got at least one.
+
+Two things are worth writing down because they read as bugs and are not:
+
+- **Expedite departs in Supervisor Shift, not in Cargo.** Q3 as recorded says the train "gets a
+  second `moveTrain` in the same Mainline Phase"; the code deliberately does not, because that had
+  expedited trains gone before a single Porter could reach them. Supervisor Shift is the last phase
+  of the Stage, so it is still the Stage the train arrived in — it just looks like "I finished Cargo
+  and it left", because Supervisor Shift needs no input and runs itself.
+- **Expedite costs the train its Local Operations turn**, since Local Ops is phase 1 and the train
+  arrives in phase 3 and leaves in phase 5. Harmless for four of the five — Crack Limited, The
+  Sparrow, the Military train and the Light Engine all print "no switching" and would decline it.
+
+**Except for 3/4 Express**, which prints *"may drop or pick up one freight car at every location"*
+and is also Expedite. That budget is spent by coupling and setting out, which happen only in Local
+Operations — so the Express has a printed ability it can never use: 31 Office visits in 40 games, 31
+with no turn to use it in. X14 Fruit Growers Express is in the same position, though its extra-reefer
+line is a note today with no mechanics behind it. Left alone pending Jesse's call and recorded in
+`TODO.md`; it is a rules contradiction on the card, not a fault in the timing.
+
+### Replays are replaced rather than piled up
+
+Both fixes change which Moves are legal, so the published replays stopped replaying — correctly, and
+the liveness test caught it. Re-recording used to write the new set **beside** the old one, and the
+old set is precisely the one whose rules have just moved, so dead files accumulated and the test
+failed on them forever. `save-replay.ts` now retires what it replaces (only once a replacement has
+verified), and writes the `rules` block into each file so a replay can never again be silently
+re-dealt. `harness.test.ts` was passing `{ seed, history }` and dropping `rules` on the floor, which
+would have replayed every published file under the pre-dialog defaults whatever it said.
+
+### The engine points east or west, always
+
+**Reported:** a crew that turned onto a north-south spur was drawn with a ▲ over it, and the change
+of convention was harder to read than no arrow at all.
+
+`facing` on a Crew Tray is a **port** — 'n', 's', 'e' or 'w' — because movement needs one: a crew
+standing on a north-south spur has to be able to leave by 'n' or 's', and the last attempt to derive
+east/west from the direction of the run stranded 29 of 62 leftover crews on north-south track with no
+legal move. So the port stays exactly as it is, and what changed is the **drawing**.
+
+A new `railFacing` on the tray carries the east-west sense across north-south track: it updates
+whenever `facing` becomes 'e' or 'w' and holds its value in between. That is the railroad's own
+convention, where compass north on a branch is still timetable east. It follows the engine around
+180° of curves, because a train that runs forward through two curves really has turned around — and
+it does *not* move when a train backs up, because a train that backs up has not.
+
+**It also fixes a bug nobody had reported yet.** Nothing resets `facing` when a train leaves a
+district, so a crew that shunted onto a north-south spur and then departed carried its 'n' out onto
+the Division map — where there is no north or south — and drew ▲ there too.
+
+The Frame's `facing` is now typed `'e' | 'w'`, so this is enforced rather than merely observed, and
+the Office card lays a north-south crew's consist east-west like every other train instead of pinning
+it nose-left.
+
+### The Yard mainline card is now the Interchange
+
+Same 60, same "sort cars into any new order", same entry points, same art. What it did not have was a
+name of its own: **Division Yard, Classification Yard, Salvage Yard, Yard Office and Small Yard** are
+five other things in this game, and none of them is this card. The internal key is renamed with it
+(`MainlineKind` `'yard'` → `'interchange'`) so the two cannot drift. The other five are deliberately
+untouched — they merely shared a word.
+
+### New game asks for the rules, not just the seed
+
+It was a `prompt()` asking for a seed. Two of the three things that decide what kind of game you are
+about to play had no way in at all: the opening hand had been changed twice with no way back to the
+earlier rule, and the three revenue rates were constants in the source. Balance is the open question
+this game has, and settling it means dealing several games at different settings — which needs a
+dialog, not a rebuild.
+
+**Starting hand**, three options, all of which have been the rule at some point:
+
+- **Three random cards** *(new default)* — the prototype rule. At the hand limit already.
+- **Six random cards** — twice the choice, still no guaranteed track.
+- **Three random track and three random non-track** — the v0.4.x deal, from two shuffled piles.
+
+**Revenue**, three rates, each 0–5:
+
+- **Passenger revenue per coach**, default **1**. Paid when a coach is boarded and again when it is
+  detrained — both halves of the movement, as it has always worked.
+- **Freight revenue per load**, default **1**. Paid when a load is made up outbound and again when it
+  is broken inbound.
+- **Train revenue per transit**, default **0** — *changed from 1*. Paid to every player when a train
+  runs off the end of the Division. At 1 it was worth ~5.4 Revenue against a bot mean of 7.0: the
+  railroad was earning most of its money from the one thing nobody has to work for, and the freight
+  and passenger economies the game is about could not be read through it.
+
+Zero is a real setting rather than "one, suppressed" — no revenue event is emitted at all, so the
+history does not fill with "+0 Revenue" for work that did not pay.
+
+**A seed no longer names a game**, so the settings ride in the URL beside it
+(`?seed=430&hand=sixRandom&passenger=1&freight=1&transit=0`) and the header carries a readout of what
+is in force. A playtest note reading "scored 4" is worthless without it.
+
+**Saves carry the rules they were dealt under.** A save is a seed and a list of intents: replay it
+under different rules and it is a different game, and the symptom is not an error but a replay that
+quietly stops early — which `TODO.md` records happening twice unnoticed, one of them 42 intents into
+360. `Save.rules` is written from now on, and a save without it replays under the pre-dialog rules
+(3+3, and 1 per transit) rather than today's defaults, so the three published replays still run.
+
+**Under the hood.** The settings live on `GameConfig.houseRules` as a partial, resolved in one place
+by `houseRules()`, which clamps and rounds — so a hand-edited URL cannot deal a game at 900 Revenue a
+coach. They reach the page on the `Frame` rather than off the config, because a remote client holds
+no `GameState` and still has to be able to answer "what does a load pay here?"; `createLocalSession`
+takes house rules rather than a whole `GameConfig` for the same reason.
+
+**Exercised, not just compiled.** Ten developer-bot games per setting, solitaire Standard — far too
+small a sample to conclude anything about balance, and enough to show the dials are wired to the
+game rather than to the dialog:
+
+| Setting | Dealt | Mean Revenue |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| `threeRandom` (default) | 3 | 4.00 |
+| `sixRandom` | 6 | 2.00 |
+| `threeTrackThreeOther` | 6 | 0.50 |
+| pax 1 · frt 1 · **trn 0** (default) | — | 4.00 |
+| pax 1 · frt 1 · **trn 1** (the old rule) | — | 9.30 |
+| pax 0 · frt 0 · trn 0 | — | −0.20 |
+| pax 5 · frt 5 · trn 0 | — | 20.80 |
+
+The transit rule is worth **+5.30** here against the +5.4 measured over 200 games before it became a
+setting, which is the number this change was made to get out from underneath. All zeroes lands just
+below zero — collision penalties, with nothing left paying — which is the right shape for an economy
+switched off. **Read no balance conclusion from the two random-deal rows**: ten seeds is noise, and
+the hand rows are three different games rather than the same game dealt differently.
+
+**Tests.** 513 passing, six of them driving the dialog through the *emitted bundle* — the failure
+mode here is wiring, not logic. Four existing tests had to be re-pinned rather than merely updated:
+the opening deal changes the RNG stream, so `advance.test.ts` was relying on whichever mainline card
+seed 1 happened to lay down and now pins its own terrain, and the widest action list was re-measured
+over five seeds in all three deals (13 under the random deals, 10 under 3+3).
+
+## 0.4.3 — 2026-08-14
+
+### A load has to have somewhere to go
+
+Jesse walked through how loading an industry is meant to work at the table, and the engine got four of
+the five steps exactly right. It got the first one wrong, in both directions.
+
+**You could stage cargo against no car.** §9.3 requires an empty car of the right type standing on the
+industry's track before anything else happens — *"otherwise you are just dropping cargo onto the
+tracks, pointless waste"*. The engine checked for that car only at the **last** step, when the load
+came off WORK. So you could fetch cargo with the Freight Agent, walk it M→A→W across three Stages and
+three Laborers, and only then find there was nowhere to put it. Worse than waste: from the moment the
+load lands on M the industry track is **locked**, so no train can come in to spot the car you now need.
+The only way out was a Freight Agent unjam — another whole turn, to undo a move the rules should never
+have offered.
+
+Now gated in three places, all counted rather than merely present:
+
+- **`freightAgent.stockOutbound`** — no cargo is fetched unless a matching empty is spotted and not
+  already promised to a load already in the box or on the sign.
+- **`laborer.startLoad`** — the same check again, because it is not redundant: coupling is mandatory,
+  so a crew running over that industry track *must* pick up the spotted empty, and the cargo you
+  staged an hour ago can be left with nothing.
+- **`laborer.beginUnload`** — the mirror. The red Inbound box is where an inbound load lands, and it
+  was checked only at the final step too. Counted, because only the W box must be free to begin: once
+  a load moves W→A a second can start behind it, and every red box in play holds exactly one car.
+
+**Strict type matching throughout** — a hopper load cannot be swapped onto a tank. And `startLoad` no
+longer always takes `outboundBox[0]`: it starts the first load that has a car to land on, so a Power
+Plant holding a hopper load and a tank load against one spotted tank works the tank instead of
+reporting the whole facility blocked.
+
+**Passengers are deliberately exempt and it is written down.** People can wait on a platform for a
+train that has not arrived, so a Passenger Facility still stocks freely. Freight cannot: a crate on the
+ground is not a shipment.
+
+**Measured before building it, which is why it was worth building.** Requiring the car removes **78% of
+the `stockOutbound` moves the menu offered** (704 → 157 across 200 games) — but **99.3% of the moves the
+bot actually took survive** (138 of 139). The rule deletes offers a competent player would never have
+used. Bot unchanged at 7.3 mean. On the unload side it removes 2.2% of offers, and the jam it prevents
+was caught happening three times in 200 games.
+
+### The Blocked panel says what to do, and in what order
+
+The refusal codes never reach a player, because the menu simply stops offering the action — so with
+78% of stocking moves gone the panel was the only thing that could explain it. It said *"green box
+empty — nothing to load (needs a Freight Agent action)"*, which is step two told to someone who has not
+done step one. It now says to bring a car in first, names the commodity, and distinguishes "MEN is
+occupied" from "there is nothing here to load onto", which send you to fix quite different things.
+
+### Rolling stock is exactly conserved
+
+`TODO.md` recorded the inbound path minting ~1.3 cars a game and blocked tuning `ROLLING_STOCK_SUPPLY`
+until it was settled. Re-audited: **exactly conserved, 100 games out of 100, range 0..0.** The
+asymmetry had already been closed from the other end when `unloadBegan` and `passengersDetrained`
+started taking their replacement empty out of the Division Yard instead of conjuring it — a load is a
+car that moved, not a car that appeared, which is exactly the tabletop procedure Jesse described.
+
+Both conjuring fallbacks now **throw** instead of minting, so the leak cannot come back quietly;
+neither fired across the suite or the audit. `ROLLING_STOCK_SUPPLY` is unblocked for the rebalance.
+
+(The original audit's arithmetic was off in the same way mine was on the first attempt: cars set out on
+a card live in `card.standing` and are easy to leave out of the count, which makes a conserved game
+look like a leaking one.)
+
+### Replays
+
+Two of five died on the rule change — they replayed 138/336 and 81/347, which on screen looks exactly
+like a game that ended early. Re-recorded; three published, all verified to their last intent.
+
+## 0.4.2 — 2026-08-13
+
+### A completed run pays the whole table
+
+The departure Revenue used to pay 1 to the Office a train left — "it cleared YOUR section". On a
+five-Office railroad that paid five separate times for one train, and paid most to whichever Office it
+happened to pass first. It now pays **once, when the train runs off the end of the Division, and it
+pays every player**: getting a train the length of the railroad is the shared achievement, and every
+Office it crossed had to clear it to happen.
+
+The log says so in one line — *"Train 5 has completed its run, leaving via the Eastern Division Point
+carrying 3 coaches. All players get 1 Revenue."* — and because nobody took a turn to cause it, it is
+also announced on screen and given a sound of its own: two long horn notes falling away, the second
+lower and quieter. It is the only cue in the game that is not somebody's action.
+
+Solitaire is nearly unmoved, 7.0 → 7.3 mean over 200 games, because one player's departures and
+completions run at almost the same rate. **A multi-player game is a completely different shape** and
+needs measuring once there is one.
+
+### Expedited passenger trains could never be worked, and now can
+
+**Reported from play: "passenger trains arrive at my Office and move on before I can load or unload."**
+They did. Every coach-carrying express prints Expedite — 1/2 Crack Limited with three coaches, 5/6 The
+Sparrow with two, 19 Military with two — and Expedite was implemented as a second move inside the same
+Mainline Phase. Load/Unload runs *after* Mainline, so the train was always gone first. Measured over 60
+games: **Train 2 arrived 32 times and stood for a Load/Unload phase in none of them.** Trains 4 and 6
+likewise zero. The Crack Limited's own card says "stop at Terminals only", which it could never do.
+
+An expedited train now stands through Load/Unload and departs at the **end** of the Stage instead. Q3's
+"departs the Stage it arrives" is still literally true — it does not lay over — and §8.1 still applies,
+so it can be held. Coach trains standing for Load/Unload went **116 → 229** across the same 60 games;
+Train 2 from 0 to 35, Train 6 from 0 to 17.
+
+The cost is real and is logged as drift: a train occupying an A/D track and the Office square for a
+Stage is in the crew's way, so switching work fell ~16% (1.76 → 1.48 productive acts over 400 games)
+and the worst game went −3 → −9 as Offices fill. That is the change doing what it is supposed to do.
+
+### Three silences around passenger work, all of which said nothing at all
+
+The refusal codes never reach a player — the menu simply does not offer an illegal action — so the
+Blocked panel is the only thing that can explain a missing button, and it skipped every non-freight
+facility. Its passenger section also only looked at trains carrying a *loaded* coach, so a train
+arriving to **pick up** produced no line at all.
+
+Underneath, the engine's own answers were wrong in two ways worth fixing regardless:
+
+- **A Whistle Post reported `RESOURCE_SPENT`** — "all Porters already used this Stage" — to a player
+  who had used none. Its Office card carries a passenger facility so that an upgrade is a property
+  change rather than a card swap, and that facility has `porters: 0`. Now `NO_PORTERS_HERE`, and the
+  panel says to upgrade the Office. 15 occurrences in 60 games.
+- **`NO_TRAIN_AT_OFFICE` was returned while a train was standing at the Office**, as the catch-all for
+  every other reason. 51 occurrences with a coach train in front of the player: 27 with nobody waiting
+  to travel, 24 with passengers waiting and every coach already full. Those are now
+  `NO_PASSENGERS_WAITING`, `NO_EMPTY_COACH`, `NO_LOADED_COACH`, `INBOUND_BOX_FULL` and
+  `NO_EMPTY_COACH_IN_YARD`, and each has its own line in the panel.
+
+The panel also now warns, in amber, when the train in front of you is expedited: *"it leaves at the END
+of this Stage, so this is the only Load/Unload phase it will stand for."*
+
+### Replays
+
+`seed-6257010` died on the Expedite change — it replayed 161 of 335 intents, which on screen looks
+exactly like a game that ended early. Re-recorded with `save-replay.ts`; `seed-3334899` survived
+untouched and was kept. Four published replays, all verified to replay to their last intent.
 
 ## 0.4.1 — 2026-08-13
 

README.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ train into an occupied Subdivision. Get that wrong and two trains meet at speed.
 
 ## Status
 
-**v0.4.1 — solitaire is playable in a browser.** The whole game runs client-side: the engine is pure,
+**v0.4.3 — solitaire is playable in a browser.** The whole game runs client-side: the engine is pure,
 imports nothing outside itself, and never touches `Math.random`, so a static host is all it needs.
 
 - **Rules** — specified, with **three open questions** left. Thirteen gaps in the original prototype
@@ -26,10 +26,13 @@ imports nothing outside itself, and never touches `Math.random`, so a static hos
   a remote one drops in without the page changing — but there is no server, no turn submission and no
   per-player push), the 22 opponent-directed cards, and real audio.
 
-Balance is *not* where it should be: the developer bot averages 7.0 Revenue against a target of 20 —
-of which ~5.4 is the "one Revenue per train that clears your section" rule, so the working freight
-and passenger economy is still only ~2. `TODO.md` says why, and says which of it is the bot and which
-is the deck.
+Balance is *not* where it should be: the developer bot averaged 7.0 Revenue against a target of 20 —
+of which ~5.4 was the "one Revenue per train that completes its run" rule, so the working freight and
+passenger economy is still only ~2. That rule is now a **setting that defaults to off**, along with
+the passenger and freight rates and the opening hand, so the economy can be read on its own and the
+alternatives can be played rather than argued about. Nothing in this file or in `TODO.md` has been
+re-measured at the new defaults; `TODO.md` says why, and says which of it is the bot and which is the
+deck.
 
 Versions follow the convention at the top of [`CHANGELOG.md`](CHANGELOG.md): third digit for fixes,
 second for a set of features, 1.0 for the first release that deserves the name.
@@ -106,13 +109,18 @@ is the thing this machinery exists to prevent.
 - **Never call `Math.random()`.** One ambient random call silently breaks replay.
 - **Track is a deck card, but the opening district is dealt.** 96 of the 235 cards are track — the
   largest category — so a district is built from what you draw, and building it costs you the
-  industry or train you drew instead. The one exception is setup: track is shuffled separately and
-  each player is dealt **3 track + 3 other**, with the leftover track shuffled back in afterwards.
-  You therefore open holding six against a limit of three, and the first turn is spent choosing.
-  Provisional — see `TODO.md`.
-- **Clearing the line scores.** Every train highballed out of your Office earns one Revenue, paid
-  once. It is worth +5.4 a game, more than the entire freight and passenger economy put together,
-  and it pays for traffic you do not have to work. Also provisional.
+  industry or train you drew instead. The opening hand is the exception, and it is now **chosen when
+  the game is dealt**: three random cards (the default, and the prototype rule), six random cards, or
+  three track and three other from two separately shuffled piles. The last of those is the only one
+  that guarantees you a district to build; deal six and you open over the limit of three, so the
+  first turn is spent choosing. See `TODO.md`.
+- **What the work pays is a setting too.** Passenger revenue per coach, freight revenue per load and
+  train revenue per transit each run 0–5 and are fixed when the game is dealt. The first two default
+  to 1 and pay at both ends of a movement — boarding *and* detraining, loading *and* unloading. The
+  third pays every player when a train runs off the end of the Division and **defaults to 0**: at 1
+  it was worth more than the entire freight and passenger economy put together, for traffic nobody
+  has to work. A seed alone therefore no longer names a game — the settings ride in the URL beside
+  it, and every save records the rules it was dealt under.
 - **A turnout can be laid on top of a card already down.** It upgrades a straight at any rotation, or
   a curve whose arc matches its own diverging leg — both strict port supersets of what they replace,
   so an upgrade can never sever an existing join. Without it a district could only hang off track that

TODO.md

@@ -9,6 +9,49 @@ Ordered within each section by how much it is currently costing us.
 
 ## Next
 
+- [ ] **THE BOT CANNOT SPOT A CAR AT A STUB INDUSTRY, and the cut-ordering rules made that visible.**
+      Coupling is mandatory on your own square now (v0.4.7), so a crew that sets a car out *between
+      itself and the only way out* picks it straight back up. At a stub industry that is every
+      set-out the bot makes: its trains run engine-first with all four cars behind, so the tail cut
+      always lands on the exit side. The correct play is §A.5's **facing point** move — couple the car
+      onto the nose, shove it into the stub, set out off the nose, back away — which is the same
+      cross-turn planning already recorded as out of reach of any bot two items below.
+
+      Measured over 200 paired seeds: **-0.55 revenue** (t = -3.63) and freight revenue 1.11 → 0.56.
+      Filtering self-recoupling moves out of the bot's options took recoupling from **625 of 1,029
+      set-outs in 60 games to 101 of 677**, and all 101 that remain are this case. Nothing is broken —
+      the game models the difficulty correctly and the bot cannot yet play it — but **every revenue
+      figure in this file measured before v0.4.7 is now low by roughly half a point** and the rebalance
+      pass should not read the drop as a deck problem.
+- [ ] **WHERE THE LOCAL'S COACH STANDS WHILE ITS ENGINE WORKS (§A.4) — now hit in play, still open.**
+      Trains 7/8 print "coach must remain on station track if switching", read as "the coach is never
+      set out". A cut comes off an OUTER end, so a coach on one outer end with the engine on the
+      other locks the train completely: it cannot set its freight car out, and cannot uncouple to run
+      around either, because that leaves the coach standing. Measured over 60 games — **1,181
+      positions where a set-out should have been possible, every one refused; no other train blocked
+      once.** Two of the six possible arrangements lock, and `ENGINE boxcar coach` — the one that
+      locks — is both prototypical and what make-up naturally produces.
+
+      **Worked around, not solved.** The make-up panel now tells the player to add the coach first
+      (v0.4.6), which produces `ENGINE coach boxcar` and works. The rules question is untouched: if
+      the coach may be set out **at the Office**, which is what the card's wording plainly says and
+      what a real mixed train does, then the prototypical make-up works and the advice becomes
+      unnecessary. That needs one exception to §A.4's blanket refusal to leave Rolling Stock at the
+      Office, for the coach and only on the Local.
+- [ ] **3/4 EXPRESS PRINTS A RULE IT CAN NEVER USE — Jesse's call.** The card says *"may drop or pick
+      up one freight car at every location"* and also prints **Expedite**. Expedite means the train
+      departs the Stage it arrives (Q3): it arrives in the Mainline phase, stands through Cargo, and
+      highballs in Supervisor Shift — so it is never on the board during a Local Operations phase,
+      which is the only phase in which freight is coupled or set out. Measured over 40 bot games:
+      **31 Office visits, 31 of them with no Local Operations turn.** X14 Fruit Growers Express is in
+      the same position, though its "may pick up one extra loaded reefer" is only a note today.
+
+      The four options put to Jesse, unchanged: drop Expedite from 3/4 only (the other Expedite
+      trains all print "no switching" and lose nothing); leave Q3 alone and strike the freight line
+      from the card; drop Expedite everywhere (it partly exists to relieve Crew Tray scarcity, so
+      this needs re-measuring); or move the Express's freight budget into the Cargo phase, where an
+      expedited train does still get a turn. **Nothing is broken** — this is a contradiction between
+      two lines on one card, and the timing rule itself is behaving exactly as recorded.
 - [ ] **REBALANCE, once the rules are right — deliberately deferred.** Card counts, industry counts
       and the track mix all need a pass together, and none of them should move until the rules stop
       moving. Standing distortions to account for when it happens: offices are doubled (Q12) and
@@ -17,8 +60,18 @@ Ordered within each section by how much it is currently costing us.
       those multipliers exist to relieve. The 8 sharp curves have already been taken out on that
       argument; offices and industries are the two left. Until then, read no balance conclusion from the revenue
       numbers; they are a functionality signal only.
-- [ ] **REVIEW THE TWO NEW RULES ONCE THEY HAVE BEEN PLAYED — both went in provisional.** Jesse's
-      call, both implemented and measured, both flagged in `rules-v0.2.md`.
+- [ ] **RE-MEASURE THE BOT AT THE NEW DEFAULTS.** Both provisional rules below are now **settings on
+      the New Game dialog** rather than fixed choices, and the defaults are not what the numbers in
+      this file were measured under: the opening hand defaults to **three random cards** (the
+      prototype rule) rather than 3+3, and **train revenue per transit defaults to 0** rather than 1.
+      That second one is the big move — it was worth ~5.4 of a 7.0 mean, so the bot's revenue should
+      fall to roughly the working freight-and-passenger economy alone, which is the number this game
+      has actually been trying to read all along. Every mean, floor and threshold quoted below and in
+      the tests predates it. The three revenue rates run 0–5, so the useful next step is a sweep
+      rather than a single re-run.
+- [ ] **REVIEW THE TWO NEW RULES ONCE THEY HAVE BEEN PLAYED — both went in provisional, and both are
+      now selectable rather than fixed.** Jesse's call, both implemented and measured, both flagged
+      in `rules-v0.2.md`. What follows is what was measured when each was the only option.
 
       **The opening deal (3 track + 3 other, from two separately shuffled piles).** It did what it
       was aimed at, modestly: run-arounds **4/60 → 7/60** and districts **17.9 → 20.3 cards**, with
@@ -27,13 +80,28 @@ Ordered within each section by how much it is currently costing us.
       watch at the table: whether opening with six against a limit of three is a real decision or
       just bookkeeping, and whether three is the right number of each.
 
-      **One Revenue for every train that clears your section.** Worth exactly **+5.40 a game** —
-      departures run at 5.40 and each pays 1 — taking the bot from 2.7 to 8.0 mean, median 0 → 6.5,
-      wins 2/200 → 14/200. It more than doubles the score on its own and pays for traffic the player
-      does not have to work. **This makes the victory-target question live**: 20 over 5 Days is now
-      reachable largely on traffic, which is either the intent or an argument for raising the target.
-- [ ] **BOT DRIFT ACROSS THIS RELEASE — three measurements, all for the rebalance pass.** Recorded
-      together so the pattern is visible rather than three relaxed thresholds nobody adds up:
+      **~~One Revenue for every train that clears your section.~~ Now: one Revenue to EVERY player
+      when a train completes its run.** Jesse's revision in v0.4.2. The first version paid the Office
+      a train departed, which on a five-Office railroad paid five separate times for one train and
+      paid most to whoever it passed first. It pays once now, when the train runs off the end of the
+      Division, and it pays the whole table — getting a train the length of the railroad is the
+      shared achievement, and every Office it crossed had to clear it.
+      Solitaire is nearly unmoved (7.0 → 7.3 mean over 200 games) because one player's departures and
+      completions run at almost the same rate; **in a multi-player game the shape is completely
+      different** and needs measuring once multiplayer exists — N players × 1 per completed run
+      against the old N payments per train. **The victory-target question stays live**: 20 over 5 Days
+      is still reachable largely on traffic, which is either the intent or an argument for raising it
+      — and at the new default of 0 per transit it is not reachable on traffic at all, which is the
+      first thing a playtest should check.
+- [ ] **BOT DRIFT ACROSS THIS RELEASE — four measurements, all for the rebalance pass.** Recorded
+      together so the pattern is visible rather than four relaxed thresholds nobody adds up:
+      - **Switching work down ~16%, 1.76 → 1.48 productive acts a game** (400 games), because an
+        expedited train now stands at the Office for a Stage instead of passing straight through, and
+        a train on the A/D track and the Office square is in the crew's way. That is the change doing
+        its job rather than a fault — but it is drift. Collisions also went 0.05 → 0.06 and the worst
+        game went −3 → −9, same cause: the Office fills up. **Separately, the `work > 2` floor that
+        caught this had never actually been met** — it read 2.16 at 150 games and 1.76 at 400, so it
+        was passing on which seeds the sample happened to include. Now 400 games and a floor of 1.2.
       - **Track laid badly, 7% → 15%** of pieces butting a card that cannot accept them. Forced to
         shed on turn one, the bot would rather lay a piece than discard it; a player would discard
         the ones with nowhere good to go. It also means the district-size gain from the new deal is
@@ -109,24 +177,21 @@ Ordered within each section by how much it is currently costing us.
       present it that way — the supply has to change, not the player.** Options: give track its own
       hand or yard the way the prototype did, raise the hand limit for track specifically, or print a
       siding as a single card. Nothing else reaches it.
-- [ ] **CLEARING AN INBOUND BOX MINTS A CAR — measured at 1.29 a game against a supply of 80.**
-      Answered, and it is duplication after all. The two directions are not symmetrical:
-      - **Outbound is paid for.** `stockToOutbound` SPLICES a loaded car out of the Division Yard to
-        become the load, and `loadCompleted` swaps the emptied car into the Classification Yard as
-        the loaded one takes its place on the industry track. Objects in, objects out.
-      - **Inbound is not.** `unloadBegan` (apply.ts) turns one loaded car into an empty car on the
-        track **plus** a load on MEN|AT|WORK, and `passengersDetrained` does the same to a coach —
-        one loaded coach becomes an empty coach in the train plus an object in the red box. Then
-        `inboundCleared` pushes that object into the **Classification Yard as a car**. The cargo
-        becomes rolling stock, while the car it came out of is already back in service.
-
-      Measured over 200 games: cars at the end minus 80, plus collision losses, equals the
-      `inboundCleared` count in 71/200 games exactly and 258 against 279 in total — the rest is
-      loads still in flight at the final whistle. So the supply inflates by about 1.3 cars a game.
-      That is the number `ROLLING_STOCK_SUPPLY` is supposed to control, so **no supply figure below
-      can be tuned until this is settled**. The fix is a decision, not a patch: either a load stops
-      being a `RollingStock` and becomes its own type, or `inboundCleared` discards rather than
-      banking. Found by a conservation audit, not by a failing test.
+- [x] **~~CLEARING AN INBOUND BOX MINTS A CAR — measured at 1.29 a game against a supply of 80.~~
+      Re-audited in v0.4.3: rolling stock is EXACTLY CONSERVED, 100 games out of 100, range 0..0.**
+      The old audit's premise was right — the two directions were not symmetrical — but the asymmetry
+      has since been closed from the other end. `unloadBegan` and `passengersDetrained` now take their
+      replacement empty OUT of the Division Yard rather than conjuring it, so a load is a car that
+      moved rather than a car that appeared: one leaves the yard, one arrives in Classification.
+      Jesse's description of the tabletop procedure confirms this is the intended model — the token
+      you push along the MEN|AT|WORK sign IS the car, fetched from the yard by the Freight Agent and
+      swapped onto the industry track at the end.
+      Both conjuring fallbacks now **throw** rather than minting, so the leak cannot silently return;
+      neither fired across the suite or 100 audited games.
+      **`ROLLING_STOCK_SUPPLY` is therefore unblocked** — it was waiting on this and can now be tuned
+      in the rebalance pass. (The first audit's own arithmetic was off in the same way mine was on the
+      first attempt: cars set out on a card, in `card.standing`, are easy to leave out of the count and
+      make a conserved game look like a leaking one.)
 - [x] **`state = fold(events)` was not true, and the docs said it was. Settled: the INTENTS are
       canonical.** Measured before deciding — `advance.ts` never calls `reduce`, so **14 of the 46
       event types are never reduced**: the clock, and the entire Mainline phase, which is every train
@@ -294,7 +359,24 @@ and what went wrong on the way are in `CHANGELOG.md`.
       are wired but dormant in solitaire; **Overpass alone has no code path at all**. The shipped
       tooltip briefly told players four working cards did nothing, which is worse than the bare label
       it replaced — `enhancements.test.ts` had passing tests for all four the whole time.
-- [x] **A modifier's grant can land on a direction its host cannot use, and nothing says so.**
+- [ ] **THE INDUSTRY TABLE STILL DISAGREES WITH THE CARD REFERENCE — two items left, Jesse's call.**
+      v0.4.7 corrected the DIRECTIONS: the Grocer's Warehouse and the Oil Refinery are `flow: 'both'`,
+      as `card-reference.md` always said, which is what let an Ice House finally give a Grocer's its
+      outbound slot. Two discrepancies remain and both are deliberate for now.
+      **(a) Base capacities.** The reference prints Grocer's 2/2 with 2 Laborers and the Refinery 2/2
+      with 3; the engine gives every industry 1 per direction it allows, Mine Tipple included. Raising
+      one alone would be a balance change rather than a correction.
+      **(b) The Freight House card.** The reference is explicit — "'Freight House' is not a card. It is
+      the collective term for a freight facility that loads *and* unloads" — and the engine deals 6
+      copies of one. Removing them is a deck-composition change worth measuring, not a quiet delete.
+- [x] **~~A modifier's grant can land on a direction its host cannot use, and nothing says so.~~
+      THE "NO BUG" VERDICT BELOW WAS WRONG, and v0.4.7 corrected it.** The reasoning was that a
+      Grocer's Warehouse is inbound-only. It is not — the card reference says "Both" — so the grant
+      was being dropped on a direction the facility should have had. Reported again in play as
+      "grocer's warehouse didn't get extra outbound slot for truck dock". The suppression machinery
+      itself was right and is kept: it still fires for a passenger Modifier beside a Whistle Post,
+      which is not a Passenger Facility — and v0.4.7 gives that grant BACK when the Office is
+      upgraded, which it never used to. Original note follows.
       Reported as "Ice House added the laborer but not the outbound slot" — **checked, and there is no
       bug**: Ice House prints +1 *outbound*, a Grocer's Warehouse is `flow: 'inbound'` so
       `allows.outbound` is false, and the capacity was raised on a direction that can never render or

docs/StationMaster-Components-v0.4.5.md

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# Station Master — Components and Markers
+
+**Rules implementation reference: v0.4.5**  
+**Scope:** non-card physical components and supplies modeled by the v0.4.5 game. Card-created facilities, workers, deck piles, hand state, timetable state, and other markers are documented with their cards or in the rules book.
+
+## Rolling stock
+
+Rolling stock has a type and a load state. In the interface, coloured cars are loaded and white cars are empty. The Division Yard starts with the following supply.
+
+| Type | Loaded | Empty | Total | Use |
+| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
+| Coach | 8 | 8 | 16 | Passenger work. |
+| Boxcar | 10 | 10 | 20 | Freight House outbound/inbound; Grocer’s Warehouse inbound. |
+| Hopper | 8 | 8 | 16 | Mine Tipple outbound; Power Plant inbound. |
+| Reefer | 5 | 5 | 10 | Packing Sheds outbound; Grocer’s Warehouse inbound. |
+| Tank car | 6 | 6 | 12 | Refinery outbound; Power Plant inbound. |
+| Caboose | 6 | 0 | 6 | Required or permitted at the rear of the applicable train cards. |
+| **Total** | **43** | **35** | **78** | |
+
+The engine is not rolling stock and does not count against the four-car Crew Tray limit.
+
+## The two yards
+
+### Division Yard
+
+The Division Yard is the active supply. It provides:
+
+- loaded cars to a Freight Agent stocking a green outbound box;
+- empty cars for building up trains;
+- an empty coach when passengers detrain; and
+- an empty matching freight car when a loaded freight car begins unloading.
+
+When a train completes a run or is destroyed, its caboose returns to the Division Yard. When a car is taken from the Division Yard and that yard has become entirely empty, every car from the Classification Yard moves back into the Division Yard immediately.
+
+### Classification Yard
+
+The Classification Yard collects used rolling stock: cars displaced by boarding passengers, cars cleared from inbound red boxes, cars removed by unjamming a facility, ordinary cars from completed or destroyed trains, and empty cars replaced by a completed outbound freight load. It is not a player-selectable source. It returns to service only when the Division Yard is empty.
+
+## Crew Trays and trains
+
+Crew Trays represent an engine and its coupled consist. The game creates **players + 3** free trays at setup. A tray is scarce: a due train without a free tray is held for that Stage, and Extras wait until one becomes free.
+
+Within a tray, the engine can pull, push, or be between cars while switching. To depart an Office for the Mainline, it must be made up with the engine at an outer end; if it has a caboose, the caboose must be at the opposite outer end. A train may have at most four cars. A scheduled train can run under-strength but never with more than its card allows.
+
+## Fedora
+
+The **Fedora** is the physical marker for the Superintendent. The player with it resolves following-train clearance decisions and takes the 5-Revenue penalty for a Mainline collision caused by an unsafe clearance. The initial holder is the first player tied for the highest Superintendent setup D12 roll. The Fedora passes to the next seat to the left at each third-stage shift change.
+
+## D12 and seeded randomness
+
+The D12 is used by the engine for:
+
+- the initial seating roll in a multi-player engine game;
+- the initial Superintendent roll;
+- a timetabled train’s timetable slot; and
+- all shuffled deck order and automatic setup selection through the same seeded random stream.
+
+The rules engine uses a deterministic 32-bit seeded random generator. The same numeric seed, player configuration, house rules, and accepted intent sequence reconstruct the same game. A seed by itself is not enough when house rules differ.

docs/StationMaster-Home-Deck-v0.4.5.md

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+# Station Master — Home Deck
+
+**Rules implementation reference: v0.4.5**  
+**Scope:** every card associated with the Home Office deck, including cards catalogued in the source but deliberately excluded from the dealt deck.
+
+## Dealt card catalogue
+
+The live Home Office deck contains **213 cards** in every currently supported mode. The rules for its setup, drawing, discarding, reshuffling, and hand limit are in the rules book, section 4.2.
+
+| Active category | Cards |
+| --- | ---: |
+| Track | 96 |
+| Office upgrades | 14 |
+| Freight facilities | 27 |
+| Facility modifiers | 23 |
+| Train cards | 22 |
+| Enhancements | 18 |
+| Mainline modifiers | 7 |
+| Maneuvers | 6 |
+| **Total dealt** | **213** |
+
+The catalogue also contains 12 space-use cards and 10 action cards. All 22 are excluded from every v0.4.5 dealt deck because their opponent-directed play rules are not implemented. They are listed at the end of this document for completeness.
+
+## Track cards — 96
+
+Track cards are ordinary Home Office cards, not a separate personal supply. A placed card must connect to existing rail. The Running Track is the horizontal row from Limit to Limit; cards there must carry an east–west through route. Placing track on a Limit extends the Running Track and moves that Limit outward.
+
+| Card | Copies | Implemented placement facts |
+| --- | ---: | --- |
+| Straight track | 32 | East–west Operational Rail. |
+| Curved track, right | 16 | A 45° curve; can rotate 180°, but cannot flip. Right-hand geometry is fixed to the `ne_sw` diagonal. |
+| Curved track, left | 16 | A 45° curve; can rotate 180°, but cannot flip. Left-hand geometry is fixed to the `nw_se` diagonal. |
+| Turnout, right | 16 | East–west through route plus one 45° branch. It may be passed through but is not Operational Rail, so a train cannot end a Move on it. |
+| Turnout, left | 16 | Same operational rules; opposite fixed diagonal. |
+| Sharp curved track, right | 0 | Catalogued but not dealt. |
+| Sharp curved track, left | 0 | Catalogued but not dealt. |
+
+A turnout may upgrade an existing straight, or a curve whose arc is exactly the turnout’s diverging arc. An upgrade is forbidden if the existing card holds standing cars or an enhancement. All other occupied squares are unavailable.
+
+## Offices — 14
+
+Every player begins at a Whistle Post, which is not drawn from the deck. Office cards are upgrades and must be played in sequence; they upgrade the existing Office rather than replacing its card or attached track.
+
+| Card | Copies | A/D tracks | Porters | Passenger outbound/inbound slots | Other effect |
+| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
+| Depot | 8 | 2 | 1 | 1 / 1 | Becomes a Control Point and Passenger Facility. |
+| Station | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 / 2 | Upgrade Depot only; Control Point and Passenger Facility. |
+| Terminal | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 / 3 | Upgrade Station only; Control Point and Passenger Facility. |
+
+The Whistle Post has one A/D track, no porters, and no passenger slots. An Office upgrade preserves modifiers already applied to it.
+
+## Freight facilities — 27
+
+An industry may be placed only on a connected straight stub off the Running Track. Each facility begins with one Laborer and a three-box MEN | AT | WORK freight pipeline. Its industry track has capacity equal to its base outbound plus inbound capacity, with a minimum of one car.
+
+No Office Area may contain a duplicate industry, or both ends of a listed lockout pair.
+
+| Card | Copies | Cars handled | Flow | Base boxes | Lockout in same Office Area |
+| --- | ---: | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Freight House | 6 | Boxcar | Outbound and inbound | 1 out / 1 in | Freight House; Grocer’s Warehouse |
+| Mine Tipple | 6 | Hopper | Outbound | 1 out / 0 in | Power Plant |
+| Refinery | 3 | Tank car | Outbound | 1 out / 0 in | Power Plant |
+| Power Plant | 6 | Hopper or tank car | Inbound | 0 out / 1 in | Mine Tipple; Refinery |
+| Packing Sheds | 3 | Reefer | Outbound | 1 out / 0 in | Grocer’s Warehouse |
+| Grocer’s Warehouse | 3 | Boxcar or reefer | Inbound | 0 out / 1 in | Packing Sheds; Freight House |
+
+## Facility modifiers — 23
+
+A modifier occupies an empty square adjacent to an eligible facility. It is unique by modifier type within an Office Area. The implementation attaches it permanently to the first eligible adjacent facility found; it does not implement a per-Stage choice when one modifier touches more than one possible facility.
+
+`+ out` adds green outbound capacity only where the host can load; `+ in` adds red inbound capacity only where the host can unload. A capacity increase at a freight facility also lengthens its industry track by the usable number of added slots. Worker increases always apply.
+
+| Modifier | Copies | Eligible host | Actual grant |
+| --- | ---: | --- | --- |
+| Waiting Area | 3 | Any Office | +1 outbound passenger slot; +1 Porter |
+| Restaurant | 2 | Any Office | +1 outbound passenger slot; +1 Porter |
+| Hotel | 1 | Any Office | +1 outbound passenger slot; +1 Porter |
+| Truck Dock | 2 | Freight House, Packing Sheds, Grocer’s Warehouse | +1 **inbound** slot; no Laborer |
+| Railroad Express Agency | 1 | Freight House | +1 outbound slot; +1 Laborer |
+| Forklifts | 2 | Freight House, Packing Sheds | +1 outbound slot; +1 Laborer |
+| Prep Plant | 1 | Mine Tipple | +1 outbound slot; +1 Laborer |
+| Coal Piles | 1 | Mine Tipple | +1 outbound slot; +1 Laborer |
+| Conveyor Belts | 1 | Mine Tipple | +1 outbound slot; +1 Laborer |
+| Pipelines | 1 | Refinery | +1 outbound slot; +1 Laborer |
+| Oil Depot | 1 | Refinery | +1 outbound slot; +1 Laborer |
+| Viscosity Breakers | 1 | Refinery | +1 outbound slot; +1 Laborer |
+| Transmission Lines | 1 | Power Plant | +1 Laborer |
+| Rotary Dumps | 1 | Power Plant | +1 Laborer |
+| Steam Turbines | 1 | Power Plant | +1 Laborer |
+| Ice House | 2 | Packing Sheds or Grocer’s Warehouse | +1 outbound slot; +1 Laborer |
+| Local Small Groceries | 1 | Grocer’s Warehouse | +1 Laborer |
+
+A bonus beside a facility that cannot use its direction is not usable and does not create a slot or lengthen the track — an outbound bonus beside an inbound-only facility, or the Truck Dock's inbound bonus beside the outbound-only Packing Sheds, which leaves that card with no effect at all. Likewise, passenger modifiers beside a Whistle Post add Porters but do not create an outbound slot until the Office becomes a Passenger Facility.
+
+## Train cards — 22
+
+Playing a timetabled train card rolls the seeded D12 and places its number in the first open timetable slot at or after the result, wrapping around the 12-slot chart. It then runs at that Stage every Day. An Extra is queued and made up when a Crew Tray becomes available; v0.4.5 automatically launches Extras eastbound from the Western Division Point.
+
+The listed consist is a maximum, not a minimum: a train may depart with fewer cars, but must not exceed the listed categories, put a car behind a caboose, or leave with the engine buried among cars. A Crew Tray holds no more than four rolling-stock cars.
+
+| Train | Speed | Direction | Listed maximum consist | Implemented special rule |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| 1/2 Crack Limited | Fast | 1 west / 2 east | 3 coaches | No switching; passenger work only at Terminals; expedited. |
+| 3/4 Express | Fast | 3 west / 4 east | 2 freight | May exchange at most one freight car at each grid location during its switching turn; expedited. |
+| 5/6 The Sparrow | Fast | 5 west / 6 east | 2 coaches | No switching; expedited. |
+| 7/8 Local | Slow | 7 west / 8 east | 1 freight, 1 coach | Its coach may not be set out during switching. |
+| 9/10 Heavy Freight | Slow | 9 west / 10 east | 3 freight, 1 caboose | — |
+| 11/12 Drag Freight | Slow | 11 west / 12 east | 2 freight, 1 caboose | — |
+| X13 Appleseed Extra | Slow | Player choice printed; v0.4.5 launches east | 3 empty freight, 1 caboose | May drop cars but cannot pick up. The engine enforces no pickup, but does not enforce the printed empties-only consist restriction at make-up. |
+| X14 Fruit Growers Express | Fast | Player choice printed; v0.4.5 launches east | 2 reefers, 1 caboose | Expedited. The code enforces reefers-only; the printed extra loaded-reefer pickup is not a separate rule. |
+| X15 Yard Xfer | Slow | Player choice printed; v0.4.5 launches east | 2 freight, 1 caboose | — |
+| X16 Light Engine Move | Fast | Player choice printed; v0.4.5 launches east | No cars | No switching. |
+| X17 Campaign Train | Fast | Player choice printed; v0.4.5 launches east | 1 coach | No switching. First Office arrival lays over for speeches; later arrivals are expedited. |
+| X18 Circus Train | Slow | Player choice printed; v0.4.5 launches east | 2 freight, 1 coach, 1 caboose | No switching. The first Mainline Phase in which it remains stopped awards its current Office’s player 1 Revenue. |
+| X19 Military Train | Slow | Player choice printed; v0.4.5 launches east | 1 freight, 2 coaches | No switching; no passenger work; expedited. |
+| X20 Director’s Private Car | Slow | Player choice printed; v0.4.5 launches east | 2 freight, 1 coach | No passenger work. |
+| X21 Freight Extra | Slow | Player choice printed; v0.4.5 launches east | 3 freight, 1 caboose | — |
+| X22 Pee-Dee | Slow | Player choice printed; v0.4.5 launches east | 1 caboose | May pick up empty cars only. |
+
+## Enhancements — 18
+
+| Card | Copies | Placement | v0.4.5 behavior |
+| --- | ---: | --- | --- |
+| Interlocking | 2 | Bare Running Track straight | When the Office is full, an inbound train is held at the Limits instead of colliding. |
+| Facing Point Locks | 2 | Any card; requires an Interlocking somewhere in the district | Blocks Derail. Derail is unavailable in v0.4.5, so this remains dormant. |
+| Yard Office | 1 | Bare Secondary Track straight | A coachless inbound train is diverted to this track instead of occupying an A/D track. |
+| Small Yard | 1 | Bare Secondary Track straight | A train may spend one switching Move here to reorder its entire consist and put the engine at the nose. |
+| Water Column | 2 | Bare Running Track straight | Removes a Watertower. Watertower cards are unavailable, so this remains dormant. |
+| Overpass | 1 | Any card | No implemented effect. |
+| Telegraph | 3 | Bare Running Track straight | Once per Day, the Superintendent may add 4 to an opposing train’s number when that makes a facing clearance safe. |
+| Telephone | 2 | On a Telegraph | Same dispatch mechanism, +8 once per Day. |
+| Radio | 2 | On a Telephone | Same dispatch mechanism, +12 once per Day. |
+| ABS Signals | 2 | Any Mainline card | Prevents rear-end collisions and holds a following train short. |
+
+An enhancement requiring a bare straight cannot share that straight with another such enhancement. Telephone and Radio are the explicit stackable chain.
+
+## Maneuvers — 6
+
+| Card | Copies | Behavior |
+| --- | ---: | --- |
+| Red Flags | 5 | May be played at any time on a train stopped on a Mainline card. An approaching following train is held instead of moving into it. |
+| Flying Switch | 1 | During the owner’s switching option, spend one Move to roll a tail-end cut into a track-connected freight facility without moving the engine there. |
+| Poling | 0 | Catalogued but not dealt; no rule is implemented. |
+
+## Catalogued but not dealt — 22 opponent-directed cards
+
+### Space-use cards — 12
+
+Bean House (1), Flop House (1), Watertower (1), Hobo Jungle (1), Section House (1), City Blocks (4), Engine Shops (1), Tenderloin District (1), and Engineer Cemetery (1) are excluded. Their source descriptions say they consume table space; Hobo Jungle additionally describes vandalism looting a passing boxcar. No placement or effect is available in v0.4.5.
+
+### Action cards — 10
+
+Derail (2), Broken Coupler (1), Railroad Crossing (1), Per Diem Inventory (1), Demurrage Charge (1), Customer Complaints (1), Vandalism (1), Hotbox (1), and Outlawed (1) are excluded. Their printed target/effect text is catalogued in the code, but `card.play` rejects the categories as not implemented. Consequently, no card can currently be played on another player.
+
+There are also two **Facing Point Locks** listed among Mainline modifiers. They are treated as the same grid enhancement as Facing Point Locks above, require an Interlocking, and are included in the active 213-card total.

docs/StationMaster-Mainline-Deck-v0.4.5.md

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+# Station Master — Mainline Deck
+
+**Rules implementation reference: v0.4.5**  
+**Scope:** the tarot-sized Mainline cards placed between Offices. This is an implementation reference, not a transcription of earlier prototype rules.
+
+## How Mainline cards work
+
+At setup the game places one randomly selected Mainline card between each neighbouring pair of Offices and one beyond each end Office, between it and a Division Point. Thus, a game with *N* players has *N + 1* Mainline cards. The implementation selects types with replacement; it does not deal them from a shuffled finite deck.
+
+A train crossing a Mainline card spends Stages, rather than moving through its printed cells. A 60 mph card costs one Stage and a 30 mph card costs two. A Slow train adds one Stage to every crossing. On Hilly terrain, any train carrying at least one coach uses the passenger rate; a train carrying no coach uses the freight rate. No crossing can take less than one Stage.
+
+The card does not itself determine which player owns the adjacent Office. It is part of the shared Division.
+
+## Physical card inventory in `Mainline Cards.pdf`
+
+The supplied PDF has **ten** tarot-sized terrain cards. Plains appears twice; the other terrain types appear once each. It also includes two Division Point cards.
+
+| Physical card | Copies in the PDF |
+| --- | ---: |
+| Plains | 2 |
+| Curves | 1 |
+| Hilly | 1 |
+| Heavy Grade | 1 |
+| Double Track | 1 |
+| Uncontrolled Siding | 1 |
+| Tunnel | 1 |
+| Trestle | 1 |
+| Interchange | 1 |
+| East Division Point | 1 |
+| West Division Point | 1 |
+
+The PDF art labels this card “Yard”; this reference uses the implementation’s correct name, **Interchange**, to distinguish it from the Division Yard, Classification Yard, Yard Office, and Small Yard.
+
+## Implemented Mainline card reference
+
+| Card | Implemented crossing time and feature |
+| --- | --- |
+| Plains | 60 mph; one Stage for Fast, two for Slow. The implementation has one Plains *type* rather than the PDF’s two physical copies. |
+| Curves | 30 mph; two Stages for Fast, three for Slow. |
+| Hilly | Passenger train: 60 mph. Freight-only train: 30 mph. Add one Stage if Slow. |
+| Heavy Grade | Starts at 30 mph; two Stages for Fast, three for Slow. The card requires the player to select its uphill direction; v0.4.5 instead selects that direction from the game seed during setup. Grade modifiers can reduce the time, to a minimum of one Stage. |
+| Double Track | 60 mph. Printed capability: trains may pass. The traffic-resolution rule is in Rules §4.5. |
+| Uncontrolled Siding | 60 mph. Printed capability: trains may pass. The traffic-resolution rule is in Rules §4.5. |
+| Tunnel | 30 mph. |
+| Trestle | 60 mph. |
+| Interchange | 60 mph. A train may be reordered there only through the card’s printed “sort cars” concept; the current engine does **not** provide a Mainline sorting action for it. |
+
+### PDF/code mismatch requiring correction
+
+`src/engine/content.ts` defines nine `MAINLINE_PROFILES` types: one Plains entry plus the eight other terrain types above. `setup.ts` selects uniformly from that nine-type list. The second Plains card shown in `Mainline Cards.pdf` is therefore not represented as a duplicate card or as extra Plains weight in setup. If the PDF inventory is authoritative, the setup selection needs a second Plains entry (or an equivalent weighted selection).
+
+The executable state represents East and West Division Points as fixed end nodes, not as card records. They are functionally present at the ends of the Division, but are not represented as the two PDF cards in the deck/state model.
+
+## Heavy Grade modifiers
+
+These cards come from the Home Office deck and are played onto a Mainline card during a player’s Draw option.
+
+| Card | Copies | Placement and actual effect |
+| --- | ---: | --- |
+| Brakeman | 1 | Heavy Grade only. Reduces a downhill crossing by one Stage. |
+| Airbrakes | 1 | Heavy Grade only, and Brakeman must already be on that card. Reduces a downhill crossing by one additional Stage. |
+| Helpers | 1 | Heavy Grade only. Reduces an uphill crossing by one Stage. |
+| Realignment | 2 | May be played only onto an unoccupied Mainline card. Changes Plains → Double Track, Curves → Plains, Uncontrolled Siding → Double Track, or Trestle → Uncontrolled Siding. It cannot be played on any other card type. |
+
+For the grade cards, “uphill” should be the direction selected by the player when the card is placed. In v0.4.5 it is the seeded `gradeUp` direction because setup has no player-choice step.
+
+## What is not implemented
+
+- There is no finite draw pile, player choice, or physical placement interaction for Mainline cards; setup selects their types automatically from the seeded random stream.
+- Interchange is catalogued as a “sort cars” card, but v0.4.5 has no operation that reorders a train on the Interchange. The Small Yard in an Office Area is the implemented sorting mechanism.
+- Heavy Grade orientation is seeded automatically rather than chosen by a player. The implementation needs a player-selection step to match the card.

docs/StationMaster-Rules-v0.4.5.md

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+# Station Master — Rules
+
+**First-draft rules reference for v0.4.5**  
+**Authority:** observed v0.4.5 code paths and tests. Where a card face, prototype document, and executable behavior differ, this document reports executable behavior and marks unimplemented material.
+
+## 1. Overview and background
+
+Station Master is a railroad-operations game set in the timetable-and-train-order era. Each player operates an Office Area on a shared east–west Division. The local work is building rail, switching cars, moving passengers and freight through facilities, and keeping the Office clear. The shared work is dispatching scheduled trains across the Division. The player holding the Superintendent’s Fedora decides whether to clear a following train into an occupied Subdivision; an unsafe decision can cause a collision.
+
+Revenue is the score. Passenger boarding and detraining, freight loading and unloading, completed runs, collisions, and victory conditions are all resolved by the rules configured when the game is dealt.
+
+This book is divided as follows:
+
+1. overview and scope;
+2. definitions;
+3. creating, saving, replaying, and configuring games;
+4. the shared basic game mechanics;
+5. the implemented solitaire game;
+6. the implemented multiplayer/engine status; and
+7. FAQs and implementation limits.
+
+The companion references are [Mainline deck](StationMaster-Mainline-Deck-v0.4.5.md), [Home deck](StationMaster-Home-Deck-v0.4.5.md), and [components](StationMaster-Components-v0.4.5.md).
+
+## 2. Definitions
+
+| Term | Meaning in v0.4.5 |
+| --- | --- |
+| A/D track | An Office arrival/departure capacity. A Whistle Post has 1; Depot, Station, and Terminal have 2, 3, and 4. |
+| Card location | A square in an Office Area grid. A train may end a switching Move only on Operational Rail. |
+| Classification Yard | The holding yard for used rolling stock. It refills the Division Yard only when that yard is completely empty. |
+| Control Point | A Depot, Station, or Terminal. It breaks the shared Mainline into Subdivisions. A Whistle Post is not one. |
+| Crew Tray | An engine plus up to four coupled rolling-stock cars. The engine itself does not count as a car. |
+| Department pile | One of three shared face-up card stacks. Draw and discard affect only the top card. |
+| Division Point | The western or eastern end of the shared Division, where trains enter and leave it. |
+| Division Yard | The active source of rolling stock. |
+| Expedited train | A train with the expedite rule. It performs Load/Unload at an Office after arriving, then attempts to depart at the end of that same Stage. |
+| Facility | A Passenger Facility at an upgraded Office or a Freight Facility at an industry. |
+| Freight Agent | The Local Operations option that stocks one outbound box, clears one inbound box, unjams one load, or ends without acting. |
+| Limits | The two signs defining an Office Area’s Running Track. They move outward when that track is extended. |
+| Local Operations | The first player-driven phase of a Stage. A player chooses one: switch, draw, or Freight Agent. |
+| Mainline | The shared cards between Offices and Division Points. |
+| MEN \| AT \| WORK | A three-box freight pipeline. Any load on it locks its industry track. |
+| Operational Rail | A card on which a train may finish a Move. Turnouts are pass-through only; a locked industry is not usable at all. |
+| Running Track | The east–west track between an Office Area’s Limits, including its Office. |
+| Secondary Track | All local rail inside the Limits that is not Running Track. |
+| Stage | One of twelve turns in a Day. Its phases are Local Operations, New Train, Mainline, Load/Unload, and Shift Change. |
+| Subdivision | Mainline between Division Points or Control Points. Clearance checks look through the whole next Subdivision. |
+| Superintendent | The player with the Fedora. The role decides same-direction clearances and rotates every three Stages. |
+| Timetabled train | A numbered train card scheduled to one of the 12 Stage slots, then due at that slot each Day. Odd numbers go west; even numbers go east. |
+
+## 3. Create, save, replay, and game configuration
+
+### 3.1 Starting a new game in the shipped client
+
+The v0.4.5 browser page creates a **one-player solitaire Standard game**. Select **New game**, then choose:
+
+1. a numeric seed, or leave it blank for a fresh browser-generated seed;
+2. a starting hand;
+3. passenger, freight, and train-transit Revenue rates.
+
+The browser writes those choices into the URL. A particular game is defined by the **seed plus these house rules**, not the seed alone.
+
+The three starting-hand choices are:
+
+| Choice | Setup result |
+| --- | --- |
+| Three random cards | Default. Deal three cards from one shuffled deck. |
+| Six random cards | Deal six cards from one shuffled deck. The player begins over the normal hand limit and must play/discard down before ending the first Draw turn. |
+| Three random track and three random non-track cards | Shuffle track and non-track piles separately for the opening deal; then recombine and shuffle their remainders for all later draws. |
+
+The three Revenue values are independently rounded and clamped to 0–5:
+
+- passenger Revenue per coach, paid on boarding and again on detraining;
+- freight Revenue per load, paid on completion of an outbound load and again on completion of an inbound unload; and
+- train Revenue per transit, paid to every player when a train leaves the Division.
+
+Defaults are 1 / 1 / 0. Zero turns that revenue source off; it does not prevent the underlying operation.
+
+### 3.2 Deterministic setup and the seed
+
+The engine uses one seeded random stream for shuffles, Mainline selection, opening D12 rolls, timetable rolls, and automatic Heavy Grade orientation. Given the same seed, configuration, player names/order, and accepted action history, it reconstructs the same state.
+
+At setup it creates each Office Area as `Limit — Whistle Post — Limit`, makes the Division Yard, creates players + 3 Crew Trays, turns up three Department cards, and constructs the shared Division.
+
+In a multi-player engine game, every player receives two seeded D12 rolls:
+
+- The **division roll** orders seats from low west to high east; equal results put the lower player index farther east.
+- The **Superintendent roll** gives the initial Fedora to the first player tied for highest.
+
+The opening deal starts at the Superintendent’s seat and proceeds left (eastward in the engine’s seat ordering).
+
+### 3.3 Saving, resuming, and replaying solitaire
+
+The local save format is JSON containing the seed, the accepted intent history, and the house rules. It does not serialize mutable game state. Loading recreates the game from the seed and replays every action through the rules engine. If an old history reaches an action that is no longer legal, replay stops there instead of forcing an invalid state.
+
+The browser also stores the current local game and resumes it automatically when the page opens without an explicit seed in the URL. A downloaded save is named `station-master-seed<seed>-day<day>.json`.
+
+**Undo is solitaire-only.** It removes the final accepted intent and rebuilds the game from the earlier history. Random outcomes are not rerolled: replaying the same action consumes the same seeded result. Undo can therefore change the player’s decision after seeing an outcome, but cannot fish for a different timetable die roll.
+
+### 3.4 Engine game modes and endings
+
+The engine defines Solitaire, Competitive, and Co-op modes. The browser exposes only Solitaire.
+
+| Length | Target | Days |
+| --- | ---: | ---: |
+| Short | 10 | 3 |
+| Standard | 20 | 5 |
+| Campaign | 45 | 10 |
+
+With `firstToTarget`, competitive mode ends when any individual reaches the target; co-op uses target × player count and total Revenue. With `highestAfterDays`, competitive mode requires the table’s combined Revenue to reach `3 × players × days`; otherwise everyone loses. If that floor is met, the highest individual score wins. Solitaire and co-op win only if their score reaches their target at the end of the length.
+
+Competitive mode also ends in a collective loss after three collisions in one Day.
+
+The configuration contains four optional-rule flags. Only two have engine effects: **Reduced Visibility** gives five rather than six switching Moves in Stages 1, 2, 3, 11, and 12; **Emergency Toolbox** initially sets the Red Flags hand-limit status, allowing four cards. Sister Trains and Employee Rotation are represented in configuration/state design but are not executed by v0.4.5.
+
+### 3.5 Multiplayer setup status
+
+There is no multiplayer lobby, room creation flow, remote server, invitation flow, or network session in v0.4.5. The engine can be called with multiple player names (and rejects a Solitaire configuration with more than one), but the delivered page always calls it for one local player. See section 6.
+
+## 4. Basic game mechanics
+
+### 4.1 The Stage sequence
+
+Each of 12 Stages follows this sequence:
+
+```text
+1. Local Operations — each player, starting with the Superintendent and proceeding left
+2. New Train — make up due timetabled trains, then queued second sections and Extras
+3. Mainline — automatic train movement in numeric order
+4. Load/Unload — each player, starting with the Superintendent and proceeding left
+5. Shift Change — expedited departures, clocks/workers, and possibly the Fedora
+```
+
+At a Shift Change, Laborers and Porters reset. The Fedora moves after Stages 3, 6, 9, and 12. At Day end, dispatch-device use resets, collision count resets, the Day and Stage roll over, and victory is checked.
+
+### 4.2 Local Operations: choose one option
+
+On a player’s Local Operations turn, choose exactly one available option.
+
+**Switch.** Select any Crew Tray currently in that player’s Office Area. It gets six Moves, or five under Reduced Visibility on the listed night Stages. A Move travels any connected distance in one direction and must end on Operational Rail. Reversing is a separate Move. A train may pass through a turnout but cannot stop on it. It may not share or pass through another train except through an Office with a free A/D track.
+
+Standing cars couple automatically when the train reaches them; it may not pass them, and the resulting consist may not exceed four cars. Coupling forward places cars ahead of the engine; coupling while backing places them behind it. Setting out cars does not spend a Move, but the cut must come from an outer end of the consist and may not be left on the Office. A Small Yard can reorder a consist for one Move. Flying Switch spends one Move to roll a tail cut into a connected Freight Facility.
+
+**Draw.** Take one card from the face-down Home Office or the exposed top of one Department pile. During this option, play eligible cards and/or discard cards to Department piles, then finish at the hand limit. Track, facilities, offices, modifiers, enhancements, and train cards have the placement or scheduling rules in the deck references. Mainline modifiers are played from this option as well.
+
+**Freight Agent.** Make one of these operations, then the turn ends: stock one green outbound box from a matching loaded Division Yard car; clear one red inbound box to the Classification Yard; unjam one outbound, inbound, or MEN | AT | WORK load to the Classification Yard; or explicitly end without acting. Freight can be stocked only when an unclaimed empty matching car is already spotted at that industry. Passengers may wait in a green Office box without a train present.
+
+Implementation note: `card.discard` is accepted by the v0.4.5 engine during Local Operations without checking that Draw was chosen. This unusual implementation behavior is not a separate published turn option.
+
+### 4.3 Track, switching, and local safety
+
+The Running Track cannot be broken by a curve or other card lacking its east–west through route. Local branches use turnouts and 45° curves. Cards that touch vertically connect only if their 45° legs share the correct diagonal; mere adjacency is not rail connection.
+
+An industry’s track is locked while any load is on its MEN | AT | WORK pipeline. Trains cannot enter, cross, pick up from, or set cars out there. When it is unlocked, an industry track is ordinary Operating Rail and holds up to four cars, the same as any other non-turnout, non-Limits card: a crew may set out one, two, three or four cars there, whatever it is carrying. An industry’s green and red boxes are how much work it can hold, not how much rail it has, and a Modifier beside it adds a box without adding room for a car.
+
+Train-card restrictions also apply while switching. No-switching trains cannot move, set out, or sort locally. Trains 3/4 share a one-freight-car budget for pickup or setout at each grid location. Trains 7/8 cannot set out their coach. X13 cannot pick up, and X22 may pick up empty cars only.
+
+### 4.4 New Train phase
+
+At the Stage shown on the timetable, the engine makes up the matching timetabled train if a Crew Tray is free. It starts at the Division Point appropriate to its direction. A train may receive matching loaded or empty cars from the Division Yard until its listed maximum consist is reached or no suitable car remains. It is permitted to leave under-strength.
+
+A Second Section order on the due train creates another identical timetabled train behind it when a free tray is available. A played Extra is made up after timetabled trains and Second Sections when a tray is free; v0.4.5 automatically sends every Extra east from the Western Division Point.
+
+### 4.5 Mainline movement and Office arrival
+
+Mainline movement is automatic and processes lower train numbers first; a timetabled train outranks an Extra with the same number. A train at a Division Point, at an Office A/D track, or already crossing a Mainline card attempts its applicable movement.
+
+Crossing time comes from the Mainline card and train speed. On a normal card, a train must check the entire next Subdivision before entering it:
+
+- an opposing train normally blocks entry;
+- a following same-direction train asks the Superintendent to allow or deny clearance;
+- Red Flags or ABS Signals hold the follower automatically; and
+- passing cards allow entry without this occupancy check.
+
+An Office arrival normally takes a free A/D track. If the Office is full, the inbound train collides and the local Office player loses 5 Revenue; Interlocking instead holds it at the Limits. A coachless inbound train may divert to a Yard Office. Cars fouling the Running Track at the Office also cause a collision.
+
+An expedited train remains available for this Stage’s Load/Unload work after arriving, then attempts to depart at Shift Change. A non-expedited arrival waits until a later Mainline phase. A train departing an Office must be correctly made up: engine at one end, caboose at the far end if present.
+
+When a train leaves the far Division Point, its cars are returned to yards, its Crew Tray becomes free, and each player receives the configured train-transit Revenue (zero by default).
+
+### 4.6 Passenger work
+
+Passenger work occurs during Load/Unload, at a Depot, Station, or Terminal. Each Porter may take one action per Stage.
+
+- **Board:** replace an empty coach on an eligible train at the Office with a loaded coach from a green outbound box. The removed empty coach goes to the Classification Yard. Earn configured passenger Revenue.
+- **Detrain:** replace a loaded coach on an eligible train with an empty coach from the Division Yard, placing the loaded coach into an available red inbound box. Earn configured passenger Revenue.
+
+Crack Limited trains permit passenger work at Terminals only. Military Train and Director’s Private Car permit no passenger work. A Whistle Post has no Porters.
+
+### 4.7 Freight work
+
+Freight work also occurs during Load/Unload. Each Laborer can take one action per Stage. Every freight facility has MEN, AT, and WORK boxes.
+
+For an **outbound load**, first use the Freight Agent to put a matching loaded car into the green box, with an unclaimed empty matching car spotted on the industry track. A Laborer starts the load on MEN, then advances it to AT, then WORK, then onto the empty car. Completing the last step changes that car to loaded, sends the replaced empty car to the Classification Yard, and earns configured freight Revenue.
+
+For an **inbound unload**, a matching loaded car must be spotted at an inbound-capable industry and the Division Yard must contain a matching empty car. A Laborer replaces the spotted loaded car with that empty car and starts the load on WORK. Laborers move it backward through AT and MEN into a free red inbound box. That final placement earns configured freight Revenue. Clearing the red box later with the Freight Agent pays no additional Revenue.
+
+## 5. Solitaire
+
+The implemented game is solitaire: one named player, one Office Area, local browser execution, Standard length, highest-after-days victory, and the default house rules unless changed in New Game. The game has no AI opponent. “Multiplayer” gameplay does not occur locally by simulating other players.
+
+Solitaire-specific features are:
+
+- a local browser save, automatic resume, and JSON download/load;
+- unlimited step-by-step Undo back through accepted action history; and
+- a seed/rules URL suitable for sharing or reproducing a game.
+
+The active deck removes all 22 opponent-directed cards. Therefore, the defensive cards whose only purpose is to answer them (Facing Point Locks and Water Column) can be placed but have no opportunity to fire; Overpass has no effect at all. The game still includes shared-rail mechanics such as Mainline clearance, but with one player no other player can occupy the Division.
+
+To win the default game, finish Day 5 with at least 20 Revenue. A result below 20 is a loss. Train-transit Revenue defaults to zero, so the default score must principally come from passenger and freight work.
+
+## 6. Multiplayer
+
+### 6.1 What the engine supports
+
+The engine has player, seat, score, Office Area, Director/Division, phase-order, co-op, and competitive-mode data for multiple named players. It deals each player a hand, creates one Office Area per seat, starts acting order at the Superintendent and proceeds left, and models the following multiplayer-specific outcomes:
+
+- the D12 seating and Superintendent rolls described in section 3;
+- individual Revenue in competitive play and shared total Revenue in co-op;
+- a competitive collective loss after three collisions in one Day;
+- a collective Revenue floor for competitive highest-after-days games; and
+- train-transit Revenue awarded to every player, if that revenue setting is nonzero.
+
+The engine’s setup checks only that there is at least one player and that Solitaire has exactly one player. It does not enforce a maximum player count, although the test and design material exercise two through four players.
+
+### 6.2 What is not delivered in v0.4.5
+
+There is no implemented multiplayer game setup for end users: no server, lobby, invitation, room code, player join flow, authoritative remote state, or remote Session. The browser page creates a local single-player session only. Accordingly, there is no supported procedure for resuming a multiplayer game, and no multiplayer Undo.
+
+The 12 space-use cards and 10 action cards are not dealt in competitive or co-op either. The engine rejects attempts to play either category. Thus, **no card can currently be played on another player**. This includes Derail, Broken Coupler, Railroad Crossing, score-penalty cards, Vandalism, Hotbox, Outlawed, and all table-space cards. Facing Point Locks and Water Column are implemented only as dormant defences for these unavailable effects.
+
+### 6.3 Difference from solitaire, if a multi-player engine session is created
+
+Players have separate local districts, hands, and scores, but they share the Home Office deck, Department piles, yards, timetable, Mainline, and traffic consequences. Turn order is sequential; one current actor acts at a time. The Superintendent role is attached to a player while Offices are attached to fixed seats. Employee Rotation is not active, so players do not actually change seats in v0.4.5.
+
+The deck is still 213 cards and still excludes opponent-directed content. Therefore multi-player engine mode changes shared traffic, scores, turns, and win/loss evaluation—not card attacks or a remote user experience.
+
+## 7. Frequently asked questions
+
+### Is the same seed always the same game?
+
+Only with the same house rules, player configuration/order, and action history. The seed drives all engine randomness, but the starting hand and Revenue settings also change the game.
+
+### Why can’t I end my draw turn?
+
+Your hand exceeds three cards, or four when the Red Flags hand-limit status is active. Play or discard down to the limit.
+
+### Why can’t my train move onto a turnout?
+
+It may move through a turnout but cannot end a Move there because turnouts are not Operational Rail.
+
+### Why can’t a train enter my industry?
+
+Its MEN | AT | WORK pipeline contains a load, which locks the track; the rail geometry does not connect; another train occupies it; mandatory coupling would exceed four cars; or four cars are already standing there, which is as many as any card holds.
+
+### Why won’t an industry accept a new outbound load?
+
+The green box may be full, the Division Yard may lack a matching loaded car, or there is no unclaimed empty matching car already spotted on that industry’s track.
+
+### Why does an inbound freight unload require an empty car in the Division Yard?
+
+The engine immediately replaces the spotted loaded car with a matching empty car. It will not create a new car from nothing.
+
+### Why did an arriving train collide instead of wait?
+
+The Office had no free A/D track and no Interlocking. A full Office is an automatic local collision. An Interlocking holds the arrival at the Limits.
+
+### Why is a train held at an Office even though the Mainline is clear?
+
+It may be on Secondary Track rather than the Office, or be badly made up: its engine is between cars or its caboose is not at the far end.
+
+### Why did an expedited train leave after passenger/freight work?
+
+Expedite means it departs in the Stage it arrived, but v0.4.5 waits until Shift Change so it remains present for that Stage’s Load/Unload phase.
+
+### Can I choose the direction of an Extra or a Heavy Grade?
+
+Not in v0.4.5. The engine launches Extras eastbound from the Western Division Point. Heavy Grade orientation is seeded automatically at setup.
+
+### Can I use an Interchange to reorder a train?
+
+No. The card is catalogued with a sorting concept, but there is no implemented Interchange sorting action. Small Yard is the available local sorting mechanism.
+
+### Can I play attack cards on another player?
+
+No. All action and space-use cards are excluded from every dealt deck in v0.4.5 and their play is rejected.
+
+### Is multiplayer playable?
+
+No. Multi-player state and rules-engine support exist, but the lobby, server, remote client, and opponent-directed card mechanics are not implemented.

docs/design.md

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ must do.
 
 ## Current status
 
-**v0.4.1.** Rules formalized, card faces specified, architecture documented, and the game playable
+**v0.4.3.** Rules formalized, card faces specified, architecture documented, and the game playable
 solitaire in a browser. See [`../CHANGELOG.md`](../CHANGELOG.md) for what each version changed and
 [`../TODO.md`](../TODO.md) for what is open; this section is the shape of the project, not a
 running tally, because a hand-maintained tally is what drifted last time.

docs/design/cut-ordering-plan.md

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+# Track order for standing cars, and the cut you left on your own card
+
+> **BUILT IN v0.4.7.** Kept as the record of why the model is what it is — the reproductions below
+> are the evidence for west-to-east, and none of them is re-derivable from the code that fixed them.
+>
+> Two departures from the plan as written, both recorded here so the document does not read as a
+> description of the code:
+>
+> - **Step 3 does not flip the card's cut.** The plan asked for `board-svg` to apply the tray strip's
+>   `facing === 'e' ? reverse : as-is` to the standing cars too. Once `standing` is defined west to
+>   east that flip would be wrong — the board is a map and draws west on the left, so the array is
+>   already in drawing order. What the renderer got instead is the half that actually answers the
+>   report: the row is split at the train, west cars left and east cars right, with the engine in the
+>   gap, and each car's tooltip says whether it is ahead of or behind the engine.
+> - **One new field after all.** The plan argued a cut's end is *derivable* from position in the
+>   array. It is not, in the one case that matters: a train may set out off both ends on the same
+>   square, and nothing in the array records where the train itself stands among them. That is
+>   `CrewTray.standingWest`, kept on the tray rather than the card because it describes a
+>   relationship — with no train there, a cut has no near or far side.
+>
+> **Step 5 was decided (i)**: taking your own cut back on the square you are standing on is undoing
+> the drop, exempt from the printed pick-up restrictions, and it refunds the freight budget.
+
+Plan for the next session. Two reported problems that turned out to be one problem.
+
+---
+
+## The reports
+
+1. **Drops.** "If I put cars off the nose on a given track, and my next move is go forward, I need to
+   couple those cars right back on. If I drop cars off the back and I move back, then I will
+   automatically recouple the cars onto the back of my train. Right after dropping my cars I need to
+   be able to see if those cars are ahead or behind the train."
+2. **Ordering.** "When dropping all 4 cars, order was reversed. It worked properly if we dropped cars
+   individually. Also, when adding four cars, again the order was reversed."
+
+---
+
+## The single root cause
+
+`TrackCard.standing` is a bare `RollingStock[]` whose doc comment claims "in track order (§A.3)" and
+which in fact has **no defined orientation at all**. `CrewTray.consist` *is* oriented — nose first,
+relative to `facing` — so every transfer between the two is an orientation change that nothing
+performs.
+
+§A.3 states the requirement plainly:
+
+> It is critical that cars are loaded into and unloaded from the Crew Tray, and occupy the track, in
+> the same order they originally held, **left-to-right**.
+
+Left-to-right is west-to-east. That is the orientation `standing` is missing.
+
+### Reproduced, against the working tree
+
+Scratch scripts only; reproduce with a tray on a plain straight, consist `[boxcar hopper reefer
+tank]`, `engineAt = 0`.
+
+**(a) Batch size changes the parked order.** Tail drops:
+
+| drops | `card.standing` afterwards |
+| --- | --- |
+| `count: 4` | `[boxcar hopper reefer tank]` |
+| `count: 1` ×4 | `[tank reefer hopper boxcar]` |
+| `count: 2` ×2 | `[reefer tank boxcar hopper]` — physically impossible |
+
+`carsDropped` always does `carsOn(card).push(...stock)` (`apply.ts:1657`). Each successive tail cut is
+left *outboard* of the previous one on the track, so it belongs at the other end of the array. Nose
+drops are batch-invariant by luck, so only tail drops show it.
+
+**(b) Coupling is orientation-blind.** A train running **east** onto a parked cut and a train running
+**west** onto the same cut yield the **identical** consist. They must mirror. `couples` is
+accumulated in path order in `exploreMoves` (`track.ts:448`) and `unshift`ed wholesale in
+`carsCoupled` (`apply.ts:1618`), with no reference to which way the engine met the cars.
+
+**(c) The display mismatch — what was actually seen on screen.** `board-svg.ts:736` draws the tray
+strip as `t.facing === 'e' ? [...items].reverse() : items`, so the nose lands on the right for an
+east-facing train (a deliberate fix, documented in the comment above it). The card's standing cars at
+`board-svg.ts:~633` are drawn in raw array order with no such flip. The same physical cut therefore
+reads one way in the tray and the other way on the card — and which one looks "reversed" flips with
+batch size *and* with train facing.
+
+The round trip (drop, run away, back up, collect) is internally self-consistent today, which is why
+this survived: whatever order got parked comes back in that order. Only the picture disagreed.
+
+### Why this settles the earlier design question
+
+The previous session offered two models for recording which end a cut sits at:
+
+- **Option A** — one cut per card plus a `standingEnd?: Port` marker. Cheap.
+- **Option B** — give `standing` a real orientation.
+
+Option A leaves (a), (b) and (c) in place. **Do Option B.** With orientation defined, "which end is
+the cut at" is *derivable* from position in the array and needs no new field — so B is also the
+smaller change once the ordering bugs are counted as in scope, which they now are.
+
+---
+
+## The model
+
+**`TrackCard.standing` (and `Facility.industryTrack.cars`, via `carsOn`) is ordered WEST to EAST.**
+
+That is the printed rule, it is the convention the board already draws in, and it is the only
+orientation that is a property of the board rather than of whichever train last touched the card.
+
+Two derived quantities, both cheap:
+
+- **A cut's end.** With a train on the card, cars before the train in track order are at its west
+  end, cars after it are at its east end. Combined with `railFacing`, that is "ahead" or "behind".
+- **Approach order.** A train travelling east meets a card's cars in array order; travelling west, in
+  reverse array order.
+
+The nose/tail blocking rule then reads: **a move that leaves the card through the end the cut sits at
+must couple that cut first** — onto the nose when running forward, onto the tail when reversing,
+which is what the existing `toNose: !i.reverse` already gives.
+
+### The two conversions, stated once
+
+- **Consist → track.** `consist` is nose-first; nose is `facing`. So an east-facing train's consist
+  reads east-to-west and must be **reversed** on the way onto the card; a west-facing train's reads
+  west-to-east and goes on **as-is**.
+- **Track → consist.** Build `couples` **near-to-far along the direction of travel** (reverse each
+  card's array when travelling west, and visit cards in path order). Then a nose coupling is
+  `unshift(...[...couples].reverse())` and a tail coupling is `push(...couples)` unchanged.
+
+Check the tail case by hand: backing east into a cut, the nearest car couples closest to the existing
+tail, and `consist` runs nose-to-tail, so near-before-far pushed in order is right. Check the nose
+case: running east into a cut, the *farthest* car ends up nose-most, so the reverse is right.
+
+---
+
+## Work, in order
+
+Each step should land green on its own.
+
+### 1. Define the orientation and fix the drop
+
+- `state.ts` — rewrite the `standing` doc comment to state west-to-east outright, and say `carsOn`
+  inherits it. That comment is currently the thing that is wrong.
+- `apply.ts` `carsDropped` reducer (~1649) — insert at the correct end for the dropping train's
+  `facing`, reversing the cut where the conversion above says to. A tail cut from an east-facing
+  train goes at the **west** end of whatever is already on the card; a nose cut from the same train
+  goes at the **east** end.
+- Tests: batch-invariance. `count: 4`, `1×4` and `2×2` must all produce the same `standing`, from
+  both ends, at both facings. Direct regression for report (2).
+
+### 2. Fix the coupling
+
+- `track.ts` `exploreMoves` (~448) — build `couples` near-to-far along travel, per the conversion
+  above. Needs the exit port at each hop, which the walk already has in `MoveStep`.
+- `apply.ts` `carsCoupled` (~1612) — reverse on `toNose`.
+- Tests: the mirror property. Approaching the same parked cut eastbound and westbound must give
+  mirrored consists, never identical ones.
+- Tests: round trip at both facings and all batch sizes — drop, run clear, back up, collect; the
+  consist must come back identical.
+
+### 3. Fix the picture
+
+- `view.ts` `CellView` — `cars: string[]` is flat and carries no relation to `train`. It needs enough
+  for the renderer to place the cut relative to the engine. Preferred: keep `cars` in track order
+  (west-to-east, matching state) and let the renderer flip, exactly as it already does for the tray
+  strip.
+- `board-svg.ts` (~633) — apply the same `facing === 'e' ? reverse : as-is` flip to the cut that line
+  736 applies to the tray, and lay the cut on the correct **side** of the train chip rather than in
+  the fixed slot row. This is the real UI work and answers "I need to see if those cars are ahead or
+  behind".
+- Tooltips: "standing here" becomes "standing ahead of the engine" / "behind the engine" when a train
+  shares the card.
+
+### 4. Layer on the blocking rule
+
+- `track.ts` `exploreMoves` — seed the walk's `couples` with the start card's cut when the cut sits at
+  the exit end. Today the walk begins at `neighbour(start, initialExit)` and never reads
+  `carsOn(startCard)` at all, so a train drives through its own cut in both directions. Regularise
+  the loop-back case at the same time: `couples` already picks up the start card if the walk circles
+  back to it, because only `results.push`/`block` are guarded by `!sameCoord(node.coord, start)`.
+- `apply.ts` `switch.move` build (~1230) — `lifted` is `[...dest.path.map(s => s.coord), i.to]` and can
+  never contain `start`. It must, or the recoupled cut is not cleared off the card.
+- `ctx.consistSize` — the start-card cut must count toward `MAX_CONSIST`, so `tooManyCars` bites at
+  the start square. Its message should name the cut on your own card or it will read as nonsense.
+- Tests: encode §A.5's two worked examples move-for-move. Both must remain playable; the trailing
+  example's step 1 ("drop the back two on Card F, move train to Card B") is the specific case that
+  must *not* recouple, and it is the strongest single check that the rule is right.
+
+### 5. Decide the printed-rule interaction — Jesse's call
+
+Dropping a freight car spends the square's budget for trains 3/4 (`oneFreightPerLocation`). Recoupling
+it on the way out would then be refused with `FREIGHT_WORKED_HERE`, so the train could only ever back
+away from its own cut. Same shape for X13 `dropOnly` and X22 `pickUpEmptiesOnly`.
+
+Two defensible answers:
+
+- **(i)** Recoupling your own cut on the square you are standing on is *undoing the drop* — exempt
+  from those restrictions, and it refunds the freight budget.
+- **(ii)** It is a pickup like any other; a train that sets out off its nose is committed to
+  reversing. Harsher, but never strands a train permanently, since backing up stays legal.
+
+Leaning (i): (ii) makes a legal-looking drop silently one-way, which is exactly the kind of trap the
+"why can't I move" panel exists to prevent.
+
+### 6. Bot and fixtures
+
+- `bot.ts` — the "drop the nose cut to un-bury the engine" heuristic (~1268) and "spot the back car at
+  this facility" (~1352) now have direction consequences. The bot cannot produce an illegal move
+  (legality is enforced upstream) but it will silently get worse until its scoring knows about the
+  cut.
+- `public/replays/seed-*.json` will diverge — legality changes, so bot play changes. Regenerate, as
+  was done last release.
+- **`docs/station-master-seed58228926-day6.json` no longer replays at all.** It stops at intent #2,
+  `mainline.modify c108` → `NO_SUCH_CARD`, because uncommitted deck changes shifted card ids. It
+  cannot serve as the regression case for these reports. Capture a fresh save against current code
+  reproducing the same switching sequence, and keep it.
+
+---
+
+## Files expected to change
+
+| File | Why |
+| --- | --- |
+| `src/engine/state.ts` | `standing` orientation, doc comment |
+| `src/engine/track.ts` | direction-aware `couples`; start-card cut; consist limit |
+| `src/engine/apply.ts` | `carsDropped`, `carsCoupled`, `switch.move` `lifted`, budget decision |
+| `src/sim/view.ts` | `CellView.cars` orientation and its relation to `train` |
+| `src/sim/board-svg.ts` | flip the cut, place it beside the chip, tooltips |
+| `src/sim/narrate.ts` | say which end was set out; distinguish recoupling own cut (~138) |
+| `src/sim/bot.ts` | direction-aware set-out heuristics |
+| `test/apply.test.ts`, `test/train-rules.test.ts`, `test/web.test.ts`, `test/replay.test.ts` | drop/couple batteries, §A.5 examples |
+| `public/replays/seed-*.json` | regenerate |
+
+## Not in scope
+
+- Leaving a coach at the Office (§A.4 / trains 7/8) — separate open item in `TODO.md`.
+- Any change to `maneuver.flyingSwitch`'s target rules. It drops onto a card with no train on it, so
+  the cut has no "end" to sit at; it just needs to land in west-to-east order like any other cut.

docs/rules/implications.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ it into this workspace:
 | File | What it is |
 | --- | --- |
 | `Deck cards2.xlsx` | The **complete card list** — every card, its count, where it may be placed, what it does |
-| `Mainline Cards.pdf` | The **Mainline card types** — Plains, Curves, Hilly, Heavy Grade, Double Track, Uncontrolled Siding, Tunnel, Trestle, Yard, and both Division Points |
+| `Mainline Cards.pdf` | The **Mainline card types** — Plains, Curves, Hilly, Heavy Grade, Double Track, Uncontrolled Siding, Tunnel, Trestle, Interchange (printed "Yard"), and both Division Points |
 | `Trains3.pdf` | The **train cards** — all 22, with names, speed class, consist and individual operating rules |
 | `tracks.png` | **Card art** for track and industry cards |
 
@@ -241,6 +241,27 @@ Freeing the Laborers freed the whole turn economy — passenger revenue doubled
 passenger rule changing. **Still 0 wins against a target of 20**, and freight is still only 13% of
 gross, so the loop runs now but does not yet carry the game.
 
+### Where the empty-car requirement belongs
+
+The rule above was later copied onto **stocking** as well, so `freightAgent.stockOutbound` refused a
+green box with no matching empty spotted. That is one step too early, and the designer's ruling is
+that it should never have been there:
+
+> A freight agent should be able to load an outbound green box prior to having the car there that
+> matches the load that he's putting in there. But in order for the laborers to move it from the
+> green box into the men at work track, they would need to have an empty car of the appropriate type
+> waiting there.
+
+Which is what §6.3 and §9.3 say between them. §6.3 lists the Freight Agent's act with no reference to
+the industry track at all; §9.3's **Load the car** is what requires "*a load in the Green Loading Box
+and an empty car of the required type on the industry's track*". So the two errands — fetch the
+cargo, spot the car — may be run in either order, and only the Laborer needs both done.
+
+**Staging ahead cannot jam anything**, which is why the early gate bought nothing: a load in a green
+box is waiting, not stuck, and the lockout in §9.3 applies to loads on MEN | AT | WORK. `startableLoad`
+holds the real gate, counting cars against loads already staged or on the sign so two loads can never
+walk toward one car.
+
 ### Track was unplayable (found while wiring up Enhancements)
 
 Moving track out of the deck into a per-player supply (§12.2) left **no way to play it**. Districts
@@ -518,7 +539,7 @@ We modelled a Mainline card as **2 regions, uniform**. The design has **ten dist
 | Uncontrolled Siding | 60 | trains may pass; separate "no pass" and "passing" starts |
 | Tunnel | 30 | |
 | Trestle | 60 | |
-| Yard | 60 | **sort cars into any new order**; has a Yard Limit |
+| Interchange | 60 | **sort cars into any new order**; has a Yard Limit. Printed "Yard" on the prototype card and renamed after play — it shared a word with the Division Yard, the Classification Yard, the Salvage Yard, the Yard Office and the Small Yard, and is none of them |
 | East / West Division Point | — | the ends |
 
 Each card shows **Start positions** — where a train enters depending on direction, train type, and

docs/station-master-seed493290760-day2.json

@@ -0,0 +1,656 @@
+{
+ "seed": 493290760,
+ "history": [
+  {
+   "type": "localOps.choose",
+   "option": "draw"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "draw.fromHomeOffice"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "card.play",
+   "cardId": "c138",
+   "placement": {
+    "row": 0,
+    "col": -1
+   },
+   "variant": 0
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "card.play",
+   "cardId": "c144",
+   "placement": {
+    "row": 0,
+    "col": 1
+   },
+   "variant": 0
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "card.play",
+   "cardId": "c11"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "card.play",
+   "cardId": "c24"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "draw.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "loadUnload.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "localOps.choose",
+   "option": "draw"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "draw.fromDepartment",
+   "slot": 1
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "card.play",
+   "cardId": "c31"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "draw.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "loadUnload.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "localOps.choose",
+   "option": "freightAgent"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "freightAgent.stockOutbound",
+   "at": {
+    "row": 0,
+    "col": 0
+   },
+   "carType": "coach"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "loadUnload.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "localOps.choose",
+   "option": "freightAgent"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "freightAgent.stockOutbound",
+   "at": {
+    "row": 0,
+    "col": 0
+   },
+   "carType": "coach"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "loadUnload.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "localOps.choose",
+   "option": "draw"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "draw.fromDepartment",
+   "slot": 1
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "card.play",
+   "cardId": "c182",
+   "placement": {
+    "row": 0,
+    "col": 1
+   },
+   "variant": 1
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "card.play",
+   "cardId": "c159",
+   "placement": {
+    "row": 1,
+    "col": 1
+   },
+   "variant": 0
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "card.play",
+   "cardId": "c49",
+   "placement": {
+    "row": 1,
+    "col": 0
+   },
+   "variant": 0
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "draw.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "loadUnload.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "localOps.choose",
+   "option": "draw"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "draw.fromDepartment",
+   "slot": 0
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "card.play",
+   "cardId": "c5"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "draw.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "newTrain.placeCar",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "carType": "tank",
+   "loaded": false
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "newTrain.placeCar",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "carType": "tank",
+   "loaded": false
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "newTrain.placeCar",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "carType": "caboose",
+   "loaded": true
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "loadUnload.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "localOps.choose",
+   "option": "freightAgent"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "freightAgent.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "loadUnload.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "localOps.choose",
+   "option": "freightAgent"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "freightAgent.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "newTrain.placeCar",
+   "trayId": "tray2",
+   "carType": "coach",
+   "loaded": true
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "newTrain.placeCar",
+   "trayId": "tray2",
+   "carType": "coach",
+   "loaded": false
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "mainline.clearance",
+   "allow": true
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "loadUnload.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "localOps.choose",
+   "option": "switch"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "switch.move",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "to": {
+    "row": 0,
+    "col": 2
+   },
+   "reverse": false
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "switch.move",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "to": {
+    "row": 1,
+    "col": 0
+   },
+   "reverse": true
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "switch.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "porter.detrain",
+   "at": {
+    "row": 0,
+    "col": 0
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "porter.board",
+   "at": {
+    "row": 0,
+    "col": 0
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "loadUnload.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "localOps.choose",
+   "option": "switch"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "switch.move",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "to": {
+    "row": 0,
+    "col": 2
+   },
+   "reverse": false
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "switch.move",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "to": {
+    "row": 0,
+    "col": -1
+   },
+   "reverse": true
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "switch.dropCars",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "count": 1
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "switch.move",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "to": {
+    "row": 0,
+    "col": 2
+   },
+   "reverse": false
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "switch.move",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "to": {
+    "row": 1,
+    "col": 0
+   },
+   "reverse": true
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "switch.dropCars",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "count": 1
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "switch.move",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "to": {
+    "row": 0,
+    "col": 2
+   },
+   "reverse": false
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "switch.move",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "to": {
+    "row": 0,
+    "col": -1
+   },
+   "reverse": true
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "loadUnload.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "localOps.choose",
+   "option": "switch"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "switch.move",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "to": {
+    "row": 0,
+    "col": 0
+   },
+   "reverse": false
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "switch.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "loadUnload.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "localOps.choose",
+   "option": "freightAgent"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "freightAgent.stockOutbound",
+   "at": {
+    "row": 1,
+    "col": 0
+   },
+   "carType": "tank"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "laborer.startLoad",
+   "at": {
+    "row": 1,
+    "col": 0
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "loadUnload.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "localOps.choose",
+   "option": "draw"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "draw.fromDepartment",
+   "slot": 0
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "card.play",
+   "cardId": "c194",
+   "placement": {
+    "row": 0,
+    "col": -2
+   },
+   "variant": 1
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "draw.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "laborer.advanceLoad",
+   "at": {
+    "row": 1,
+    "col": 0
+   },
+   "box": 0
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "loadUnload.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "localOps.choose",
+   "option": "freightAgent"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "freightAgent.stockOutbound",
+   "at": {
+    "row": 0,
+    "col": 0
+   },
+   "carType": "coach"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "laborer.advanceLoad",
+   "at": {
+    "row": 1,
+    "col": 0
+   },
+   "box": 1
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "loadUnload.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "localOps.choose",
+   "option": "freightAgent"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "freightAgent.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "laborer.advanceLoad",
+   "at": {
+    "row": 1,
+    "col": 0
+   },
+   "box": 2
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "loadUnload.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "localOps.choose",
+   "option": "draw"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "draw.fromDepartment",
+   "slot": 1
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "card.play",
+   "cardId": "c154",
+   "placement": {
+    "row": 1,
+    "col": -2
+   },
+   "variant": 0
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "draw.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "loadUnload.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "localOps.choose",
+   "option": "draw"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "draw.fromHomeOffice"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "card.play",
+   "cardId": "c102",
+   "node": 1
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "draw.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "loadUnload.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "localOps.choose",
+   "option": "freightAgent"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "freightAgent.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "newTrain.placeCar",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "carType": "boxcar",
+   "loaded": true
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "newTrain.placeCar",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "carType": "tank",
+   "loaded": false
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "newTrain.placeCar",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "carType": "caboose",
+   "loaded": true
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "loadUnload.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "localOps.choose",
+   "option": "draw"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "draw.fromHomeOffice"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "draw.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "loadUnload.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "localOps.choose",
+   "option": "freightAgent"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "freightAgent.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "newTrain.placeCar",
+   "trayId": "tray2",
+   "carType": "coach",
+   "loaded": true
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "newTrain.placeCar",
+   "trayId": "tray2",
+   "carType": "coach",
+   "loaded": true
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "loadUnload.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "localOps.choose",
+   "option": "switch"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "switch.move",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "to": {
+    "row": 1,
+    "col": -2
+   },
+   "reverse": true
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "switch.dropCars",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "count": 1
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "switch.dropCars",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "count": 2
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "switch.move",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "to": {
+    "row": 0,
+    "col": 2
+   },
+   "reverse": false
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "switch.move",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "to": {
+    "row": 1,
+    "col": 0
+   },
+   "reverse": true
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "switch.move",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "to": {
+    "row": 0,
+    "col": 2
+   },
+   "reverse": false
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "switch.move",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "to": {
+    "row": 1,
+    "col": -2
+   },
+   "reverse": true
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "switch.dropCars",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "count": 3
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "switch.dropCars",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "count": 1
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "switch.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "loadUnload.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "localOps.choose",
+   "option": "switch"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "switch.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "porter.detrain",
+   "at": {
+    "row": 0,
+    "col": 0
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "porter.board",
+   "at": {
+    "row": 0,
+    "col": 0
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "loadUnload.end"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "localOps.choose",
+   "option": "switch"
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "switch.move",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "to": {
+    "row": 0,
+    "col": -1
+   },
+   "reverse": false
+  },
+  {
+   "type": "switch.move",
+   "trayId": "tray3",
+   "to": {
+    "row": 1,
+    "col": -2
+   },
+   "reverse": true
+  }
+ ]
+}

node_modules

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../../node_modules

package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "station-master",
-  "version": "0.4.1",
+  "version": "0.4.7",
   "private": true,
   "type": "module",
   "description": "Station Master — a railroad operations game",

src/engine/advance.ts

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import {
   STAGES_PER_DAY,
   STAGES_PER_SHIFT,
   collectiveRevenueFloor,
+  houseRules,
   lengthProfile,
   officeProfile,
   REGIONS_PER_MAINLINE_CARD,
@@ -252,34 +253,23 @@ function newTrainPhase(s: GameState, events: GameEvent[]): AdvanceResult {
     }
   }
 
-  // §7 — "Once all timetabled trains are created, if there is a played Extra Train card and an
-  // available Crew Tray, the player who played the card may place the Crew Tray in either division
-  // point for immediate departure." An Extra runs once and is gone.
-  //
-  // SIMPLIFICATION, flagged: the rules let the player choose the direction. This launches eastbound
-  // from the West Division Point. Giving the player the choice needs its own intent.
+  /**
+   * §7 — "if there is a played Extra Train card and an available Crew Tray, the player who played
+   * the card may place the Crew Tray in either division point for immediate departure."
+   *
+   * THIS USED TO LAUNCH EVERY EXTRA EASTBOUND FROM THE WEST DIVISION POINT, with the simplification
+   * flagged in a comment. Jesse's rule: an Extra runs the way its NUMBER says, exactly as a
+   * timetabled train does — odd runs west, even runs east (§2.3) — so it starts at the Division
+   * Point it runs FROM. It may instead start at any Control Point, which is any Office above a
+   * Whistle Post, at the player's choice.
+   *
+   * That is a decision, so the phase stops for it the same way it stops to have cars placed. The
+   * chooser is the acting player; §7 says the player who PLAYED the card, which is the same person
+   * in solitaire and needs `pendingExtras` to carry a player before it is not.
+   */
   if (s.pendingExtras.length > 0 && s.freeTrays.length > 0) {
-    const number = s.pendingExtras.shift()!;
-    const trayId = s.freeTrays.pop()!;
-    s.trays.set(trayId, {
-      id: trayId,
-      trainNumber: number,
-      trainIsExtra: true,
-      engineAt: 0,
-      consist: [],
-      direction: 'east',
-      position: { at: 'divisionPoint', side: 'west' },
-      movesUsed: 0,
-    });
-    const dp = s.division.nodes.find((n) => n.kind === 'divisionPoint' && n.side === 'west');
-    if (dp?.kind === 'divisionPoint') dp.holding.push(trayId);
-    events.push({
-      type: 'trainMadeUp',
-      trainNumber: number,
-      isExtra: true,
-      at: 'West Division Point',
-      direction: 'east',
-    });
+    s.clock.currentActor = actorAt(s, s.clock.actorOffset % s.players.length);
+    return { events, needsInput: true };
   }
 
   // Gap 9 — the car-placement round REPEATS until the consist is full or no suitable car remains.
@@ -339,7 +329,7 @@ function mainlinePhase(s: GameState, events: GameEvent[]): AdvanceResult {
         (tray.position.at !== 'grid' ||
           where.at !== 'grid' ||
           (tray.position.coord.row === where.coord.row && tray.position.coord.col === where.coord.col));
-      if (moved !== 'expedited' && stillThere) {
+      if (!tray.departsThisStage && stillThere) {
         tray.stopPointClaimed = true;
         // The point goes to whoever is SITTING in the district it stopped in.
         const owner = tray.position.at === 'grid' ? playerAtSeat(s, tray.position.seat) : 0;
@@ -364,11 +354,6 @@ function mainlinePhase(s: GameState, events: GameEvent[]): AdvanceResult {
       }
     }
     if (moved === 'needsClearance') return { events, needsInput: true };
-    // An expedited train may act twice in one Stage: it arrives and departs (Q3).
-    if (moved === 'expedited') {
-      const again = moveTrain(s, id, tray, events);
-      if (again === 'needsClearance') return { events, needsInput: true };
-    }
     s.movedThisPhase.add(id);
   }
 
@@ -376,7 +361,7 @@ function mainlinePhase(s: GameState, events: GameEvent[]): AdvanceResult {
   return { events: [...events, ...enterPhase(s, 'loadUnload')], needsInput: false };
 }
 
-type MoveOutcome = 'moved' | 'held' | 'needsClearance' | 'expedited';
+type MoveOutcome = 'moved' | 'held' | 'needsClearance';
 
 /**
  * §8.2 — why this train is not fit to run, or null if it is.
@@ -427,6 +412,26 @@ function enterMainline(
   );
   node.transits.push({ tray: id, stagesRemaining: stages, stagesTotal: stages, direction: tray.direction });
   tray.position = { at: 'mainline', index };
+
+  /**
+   * OUT OF THE DISTRICT, AND THE SPUR PORT GOES WITH IT.
+   *
+   * `facing` is a port on the card the train is standing on, and switching round a district leaves
+   * it holding a real compass port — 'n' or 's' off a curve. Nothing cleared it when the train
+   * departed, so it carried that port out onto a Division that runs east and west, and then into
+   * the next Office, whose card has no north or south edge at all.
+   *
+   * That is not cosmetic. `movesFor` explores from `facing` and from its opposite, and a card with
+   * neither port yields no destinations either way — so a train that had been shunted onto a spur
+   * arrived at the next Office **unable to make a single Move**. It also drew a ▲ on the Division
+   * map, where there is no north to point at.
+   *
+   * A train out here is running one way along an east-west railroad with its engine at one end, so
+   * this is what `facing` means on the Division; there is nothing else it could be. `railFacing`
+   * follows for the same reason — this IS the east-west sense, freshly known.
+   */
+  tray.facing = tray.direction === 'west' ? 'w' : 'e';
+  tray.railFacing = tray.facing;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -491,12 +496,23 @@ function moveTrain(
   id: TrayId,
   tray: CrewTray,
   events: GameEvent[],
+  /**
+   * Which pass is asking. The Mainline Phase moves every train once; Supervisor Shift then asks the
+   * Expedited arrivals to go again. The train cannot tell the difference, but the player must — see
+   * `trainHighballed.why`.
+   */
+  pass: 'mainline' | 'expedite' = 'mainline',
 ): MoveOutcome {
   const dir = step(tray.direction);
 
   if (tray.position.at === 'divisionPoint') {
+    // Read BEFORE `enterMainline` overwrites `tray.position`: the departure line named the side the
+    // train was leaving FROM, and taking it afterwards read the mainline position instead — so every
+    // train reported leaving the Eastern Division Point, including the eastbound ones that had just
+    // been made up at the Western one.
+    const fromSide = (tray.position as { side: Direction }).side;
     const dpIndex = s.division.nodes.findIndex(
-      (n) => n.kind === 'divisionPoint' && n.side === (tray.position as { side: Direction }).side,
+      (n) => n.kind === 'divisionPoint' && n.side === fromSide,
     );
     const target = dpIndex + dir;
     const node = s.division.nodes[target];
@@ -509,7 +525,15 @@ function moveTrain(
     enterMainline(s, node, id, tray, target);
     const dp = s.division.nodes[dpIndex];
     if (dp?.kind === 'divisionPoint') dp.holding = dp.holding.filter((t) => t !== id);
-    events.push({ type: 'phaseBegan', phase: `train ${tray.trainNumber} highballed` });
+    events.push({
+      type: 'trainHighballed',
+      trainNumber: tray.trainNumber ?? 0,
+      from: `the ${fromSide === 'west' ? 'Western' : 'Eastern'} Division Point`,
+      to: 'the Mainline',
+      // Narrated as a phase marker until now — "▸ train 8 highballed phase" — which is not a phase
+      // and told the player nothing about why the train had started its run.
+      why: 'it was made up and the Subdivision ahead was clear, so its run begins',
+    });
     return 'moved';
   }
 
@@ -564,8 +588,11 @@ function moveTrain(
         trainNumber: tray.trainNumber ?? 0,
         from: 'the Office',
         to: 'the Mainline',
+        why:
+          pass === 'expedite'
+            ? 'its card prints EXPEDITE, so it leaves at the end of the Stage it arrived in — you got the Cargo phase with it, but no Local Operations turn to switch it'
+            : 'it stood a full Stage at the Office, so §8.1 released it this Mainline Phase',
       });
-      awardDeparture(s, seat, tray, events);
       return 'moved';
     }
 
@@ -580,8 +607,7 @@ function moveTrain(
      */
     if (node.kind === 'divisionPoint') {
       area.adOccupancy = area.adOccupancy.filter((t) => t !== id);
-      awardDeparture(s, seat, tray, events);
-      retireTrain(s, id, tray, events);
+      retireTrain(s, id, tray, node.side, events);
       return 'moved';
     }
 
@@ -663,7 +689,7 @@ function moveTrain(
       // The train has run the length of the Division and leaves the game (§2.3).
       dest.holding.push(id);
       tray.position = { at: 'divisionPoint', side: dest.side };
-      retireTrain(s, id, tray, events);
+      retireTrain(s, id, tray, dest.side, events);
       return 'moved';
     }
 
@@ -844,9 +870,24 @@ function arriveAtOffice(
     expedited: isExpedited(tray),
   });
 
-  // Q3 — an expedited train departs in the same Stage it arrived, so it is NOT added to
-  // movedThisPhase and gets a second chance to move before the phase ends.
-  if (isExpedited(tray)) return 'expedited';
+  /**
+   * Q3 — AN EXPEDITED TRAIN DEPARTS THE STAGE IT ARRIVED, BUT NOT BEFORE THE WORK IS DONE.
+   *
+   * It used to leave inside this very Mainline Phase — a second `moveTrain` on the spot. That made
+   * "departs the Stage it arrives" true and the coaches worthless: Load/Unload runs AFTER Mainline,
+   * so an expedited train was gone before a single Porter could reach it. Measured over 60 games,
+   * Train 2 arrived 32 times and stood at an Office during Load/Unload exactly none of them, and
+   * every coach-carrying express is expedited (1/2 Crack Limited, 5/6 The Sparrow, 19 Military).
+   * The Crack Limited's own card says "stop at Terminals only", which it could never do.
+   *
+   * So it stands here through Load/Unload and leaves at the end of the Stage instead. It still does
+   * not lay over to the next Stage — the keyword is honoured — and it is still subject to every
+   * §8.1 condition when it goes, so it can be held.
+   */
+  if (isExpedited(tray)) {
+    tray.departsThisStage = true;
+    return 'moved';
+  }
   /**
    * X17 Campaign Train — the speeches happen at the first Office it reaches. Recorded AFTER the
    * expedite test above, so this arrival is the ordinary stop the card pays for and every later one
@@ -907,47 +948,51 @@ function collide(
   }
 }
 
-/** A completed run frees the crew; Extras go to the Salvage Yard (§2.3, Gap 2c). */
 /**
- * ONE REVENUE FOR EVERY TRAIN THAT GETS OUT OF YOUR SECTION.
+ * ONE REVENUE TO EVERY PLAYER WHEN A TRAIN COMPLETES ITS RUN.
  *
- * Jesse's rule. Unlike freight and passengers it pays for traffic the player does not have to work —
- * which is the point: keeping the line clear is the Superintendent's job, and until now nothing paid
- * for doing it well. It rewards splitting a Subdivision with a Control Point, holding a following
- * train rather than gambling on it, and building the A/D capacity to turn arrivals around.
+ * Jesse's rule, revised. It used to pay 1 to the Office a train departed — "it left YOUR section" —
+ * which meant a five-Office railroad paid five times for one train and paid the most to whoever the
+ * train happened to pass first. It pays once now, when the train runs off the end of the Division,
+ * and it pays EVERYBODY: getting a train the whole length of the railroad is the shared achievement,
+ * and every Office it crossed had to clear it.
  *
- * Paid on DEPARTURE from the Office, once per train. Not paid again when the train later runs off
- * the end of the Division and retires: it left YOUR section when it cleared your Office, and the far
- * Division Point belongs to whoever is seated there.
+ * Unlike freight and passengers it pays for traffic no one has to work, which is the point: keeping
+ * the line moving is the Superintendent's job, and nothing else paid for doing it well. It rewards
+ * splitting a Subdivision with a Control Point, holding a following train rather than gambling on
+ * it, and building the A/D capacity to turn arrivals around.
  *
- * A crew with no train number is a local switching move and not a departure, so it earns nothing.
+ * A crew with no train number is a local switching move, not a run, so it earns nothing.
  *
- * PROVISIONAL, and worth watching: measured, this is roughly +5 Revenue a game against a mean of
- * 2.7, so it more than doubles the score on its own. Flagged in `TODO.md`.
+ * NOW A DIAL, AND OFF BY DEFAULT. At 1 it was worth ~5.4 Revenue against a bot mean of 7.0 — the
+ * railroad was making most of its money from the one thing no one has to work, and the freight and
+ * passenger economies it exists to reward could not be read through it. `trainPerTransit` sets the
+ * rate per player, and 0 (the default) means no event at all rather than a run of "+0" entries.
  */
-function awardDeparture(
-  s: GameState,
-  seat: SeatIndex,
-  tray: CrewTray,
-  events: GameEvent[],
-): void {
+function awardCompletedRun(s: GameState, tray: CrewTray, events: GameEvent[]): void {
   if (tray.trainNumber === null) return;
-  // Paid to whoever OCCUPIES the Office the train left, not to the seat's index. Identical today,
-  // and the difference is the whole point of the seat/player split.
-  const owner = playerAtSeat(s, seat);
-  const p = s.players[owner];
-  if (!p) return;
-  p.revenue += 1;
-  events.push({
-    type: 'revenueChanged',
-    player: owner,
-    delta: 1,
-    total: p.revenue,
-    reason: 'a train cleared your section',
-  });
+  const rate = houseRules(s.config).revenue.trainPerTransit;
+  if (rate <= 0) return;
+  for (const p of s.players) {
+    p.revenue += rate;
+    events.push({
+      type: 'revenueChanged',
+      player: p.index,
+      delta: rate,
+      total: p.revenue,
+      reason: 'a train completed its run',
+    });
+  }
 }
 
-function retireTrain(s: GameState, id: TrayId, tray: CrewTray, events: GameEvent[]): void {
+/** A completed run frees the crew; Extras go to the Salvage Yard (§2.3, Gap 2c). */
+function retireTrain(
+  s: GameState,
+  id: TrayId,
+  tray: CrewTray,
+  side: Direction,
+  events: GameEvent[],
+): void {
   for (const car of tray.consist) {
     if (car.type === 'caboose') s.yards.divisionYard.push(car);
     else s.yards.classificationYard.push(car);
@@ -961,8 +1006,11 @@ function retireTrain(s: GameState, id: TrayId, tray: CrewTray, events: GameEvent
   events.push({
     type: 'trainCompleted',
     trainNumber: tray.trainNumber ?? 0,
+    isExtra: tray.trainIsExtra,
+    side,
     consist: tray.consist.map((c) => ({ ...c })),
   });
+  awardCompletedRun(s, tray, events);
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -970,6 +1018,40 @@ function retireTrain(s: GameState, id: TrayId, tray: CrewTray, events: GameEvent
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 function shiftChange(s: GameState, events: GameEvent[]): AdvanceResult {
+  /**
+   * EXPEDITED DEPARTURES — the last thing that happens in a Stage (Q3, and `arriveAtOffice`).
+   *
+   * Run here rather than as a phase of its own because there is no decision in it: the trains that
+   * arrived expedited this Stage try to leave, in train-number order like any other movement, and
+   * §8.1 may still hold them. Being after Load/Unload is the whole point — it is what gives the
+   * Porters their one Stage with the train.
+   */
+  const expedited = [...s.trays.entries()]
+    .filter(([, t]) => t.departsThisStage)
+    .sort(([, a], [, b]) => (a.trainNumber ?? 0) - (b.trainNumber ?? 0));
+  for (const [id, tray] of expedited) {
+    tray.departsThisStage = false;
+    /**
+     * An expedited train that would need a §8.1 ruling STAYS, and runs normally from then on.
+     *
+     * Said in the log, because it is the difference between "this train leaves at the end of the
+     * Stage" and "this train is still here next turn", and a player watching one Expedited train
+     * vanish and the next one linger has no way to tell why. Measured on one seed: with ordinary
+     * traffic running, Train 6 was held this way and collected four Local Operations turns.
+     */
+    if (moveTrain(s, id, tray, events, 'expedite') === 'needsClearance') {
+      events.push({
+        type: 'trainHeld',
+        trainNumber: tray.trainNumber ?? 0,
+        reason:
+          'it EXPEDITES and was due out at the end of this Stage, but the Subdivision ahead needs a ' +
+          'clearance ruling and Supervisor Shift has no Superintendent to give one. It stays, and ' +
+          'runs like an ordinary train from now on — so you DO get a Local Operations turn with it',
+      });
+      continue;
+    }
+  }
+
   // §5 — the Fedora passes every three Stages: shift changes at Stages 3, 6, 9 and 12.
   if (s.clock.stage % STAGES_PER_SHIFT === 0) {
     s.clock.superintendent = playerLeftOf(s, s.clock.superintendent);

src/engine/apply.ts

@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@ import {
   industryProfile,
   mainlineModifierRule,
   mainlineProfile,
+  houseRules,
+  runDirection,
+  startingDivisionPoint,
   modifierProfile,
   nextOfficeTier,
   officeProfile,
@@ -50,12 +53,25 @@ import type {
   TurnoutOrientation,
 } from './state.ts';
 import { createRng } from './rng.ts';
-import { carsOn, coordKey, isOperationalRail, playerAtSeat, seatOf, spaceOn, turnOf } from './state.ts';
+import {
+  carsOn,
+  coordKey,
+  cutTowards,
+  isOperationalRail,
+  playerAtSeat,
+  railFacingOf,
+  seatOf,
+  spaceOn,
+  standingSides,
+  trackOrder,
+  turnOf,
+} from './state.ts';
 import type { MoveBlock, Occupancy, Port } from './track.ts';
 import {
   canDropCarsAt,
   canPlaceAt,
   carriesThroughTrack,
+  exitsFrom,
   exploreMoves,
   facilityVariants,
   opposite,
@@ -122,6 +138,37 @@ function occupancyFor(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex, self: TrayId): Occupanc
   };
 }
 
+/**
+ * The port a train that came in through `entry` would carry on out by — read off the CARD.
+ *
+ * On a straight that is `opposite(entry)`, which is what this used to assume everywhere. On a curve
+ * it is the other end of the arc, and the two are never the same: a curve joins ADJACENT edges.
+ *
+ * A card reached by a Move has exactly one exit from the port it was entered by — the only card with
+ * three is a turnout, and a train may not finish a Move on one (§A.1). The fallback is for a caller
+ * holding a card the walk never validated, and matches the old behaviour rather than throwing.
+ */
+function farPort(card: TrackCard | undefined, entry: Port): Port {
+  return (card ? exitsFrom(card, entry)[0] : undefined) ?? opposite(entry);
+}
+
+/**
+ * THE PORT A TRAIN BACKS OUT BY — the other end of the card it is standing on.
+ *
+ * Not `opposite(facing)`. A train stands on a two-port card (never a turnout: §A.1 forbids
+ * finishing a Move on one), and backing up means leaving by whichever of those two ports it is not
+ * facing. On a straight those coincide; on a curve they never do, because a curve joins ADJACENT
+ * edges — a crew facing north on a north-west curve backs out through WEST, and `opposite('n')` is
+ * a south port the card does not have.
+ *
+ * The consequence of getting this wrong is total: `exploreMoves` returns nothing at all from a port
+ * the card lacks, so the crew simply cannot back up. It could round a curve and never come off it,
+ * which is enough to make a siding unreachable and setting out a cut impossible.
+ */
+function reversePort(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex, from: GridCoord, facing: Port): Port {
+  return farPort(areaOf(s, player).grid.get(coordKey(from)), facing);
+}
+
 /** A tray's facing, expressed as the port it would leave by going forward. */
 function facingPort(s: GameState, trayId: TrayId): Port {
   const tray = s.trays.get(trayId);
@@ -297,11 +344,46 @@ function workTrack(f: Facility): [Load | null, Load | null, Load | null] {
   return f.menAtWork;
 }
 
+/**
+ * The green-box load that may start down the sign, or null if none may.
+ *
+ * §9.3 — a load has to have somewhere to go before the Laborers touch it. It may not start the
+ * MEN | AT | WORK moves until an empty car of the right type is standing on the industry's track,
+ * "otherwise you are just dropping cargo onto the tracks — pointless waste". The final swap needs a
+ * car of the LOAD's type, so a hopper load cannot be swapped onto a tank: strict matching, not "any
+ * empty car". THIS IS THE ONLY PLACE THAT RULE APPLIES — stocking the green box is free of it
+ * (§6.3), so cargo may wait on the dock for a car that has not been switched in yet.
+ *
+ * Not simply `outboundBox[0]`. A Power Plant takes hoppers AND tanks, so a green box holding a
+ * hopper load and a tank load against one spotted empty tank must start the TANK — taking the first
+ * entry regardless would report the whole facility as blocked while a perfectly legal load sat
+ * beside it.
+ *
+ * Cars are COUNTED against claims rather than merely looked for, because green boxes and industry
+ * tracks both grow past one slot with Modifiers (measured: capacity > 1 on 24.5% of freight
+ * facilities and a track longer than one on 41%). Two loads walking the sign toward one spotted car
+ * would strand the second on WORK, which is the jam this rule exists to prevent.
+ */
+export function startableLoad(f: Facility): number | null {
+  const claims = new Map<CarType, number>();
+  for (let i = 0; i < f.outboundBox.length; i++) {
+    const type = f.outboundBox[i]!.type;
+    // Each earlier entry of the same type has first claim on the spotted cars.
+    const ahead = claims.get(type) ?? 0;
+    const working = (f.menAtWork ?? []).filter((l) => l?.dir === 'out' && l.type === type).length;
+    const spotted = f.industryTrack.cars.filter((c) => !c.loaded && c.type === type).length;
+    if (spotted - working - ahead > 0) return i;
+    claims.set(type, ahead + 1);
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
 export function canStartLoad(f: Facility): boolean {
   if (!f.menAtWork) return false;
   if (laborersLeft(f) < 1) return false;
   if (f.outboundBox.length === 0) return false;
-  return f.menAtWork[0] === null;
+  if (f.menAtWork[0] !== null) return false;
+  return startableLoad(f) !== null;
 }
 
 /** §9.2 — boarding needs a loaded coach in a green slot and a train with an empty coach. */
@@ -435,6 +517,28 @@ function spendFreightBudget(
   turn.freightWorked[key] = (turn.freightWorked[key] ?? 0) + n;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Give back what a set-out spent, when the train picks its own cut straight back up.
+ *
+ * The mirror of `spendFreightBudget` and deliberately its own function: "undo the drop" is a rule,
+ * not an arithmetic detail, and it applies on the square the cars were LEFT on rather than the one
+ * the train ends up at.
+ */
+function refundFreightBudget(
+  s: GameState,
+  player: PlayerIndex,
+  tray: CrewTray,
+  at: GridCoord,
+  stock: readonly RollingStock[],
+): void {
+  if (!rulesOf(tray).oneFreightPerLocation) return;
+  const n = stock.filter(isFreight).length;
+  if (n === 0) return;
+  const turn = turnOf(s, player);
+  const key = freightWorkedKey(tray.id, at);
+  turn.freightWorked[key] = Math.max(0, (turn.freightWorked[key] ?? 0) - n);
+}
+
 /** Trains that may not be worked by Porters at all (§7): the Military train and the Director's car. */
 function refusesPassengers(tray: CrewTray): boolean {
   return rulesOf(tray).noPassengerWork === true;
@@ -457,12 +561,35 @@ function refusesThisOffice(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex, tray: CrewTray): b
  * this works out whether a card is the reason. Without it a Military train standing at the platform
  * reported "no train at the Office", which is both wrong and unhelpful.
  */
-function passengerRefusal(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex): RejectionCode {
+function passengerRefusal(
+  s: GameState,
+  player: PlayerIndex,
+  at: GridCoord,
+  dir: 'board' | 'detrain',
+): RejectionCode {
   const area = areaOf(s, player);
   const trains = area.adOccupancy.map((id) => s.trays.get(id)).filter((t): t is CrewTray => !!t);
   if (trains.length > 0 && trains.every((t) => refusesThisOffice(s, player, t))) return 'NOT_A_TERMINAL';
   if (trains.length > 0 && trains.every(refusesPassengers)) return 'NO_PASSENGER_WORK';
-  return 'NO_TRAIN_AT_OFFICE';
+  if (trains.length === 0) return 'NO_TRAIN_AT_OFFICE';
+
+  /**
+   * A TRAIN IS STANDING THERE, so say what is actually missing.
+   *
+   * This used to fall through to `NO_TRAIN_AT_OFFICE` — told to a player looking straight at a train
+   * on their own A/D track, which reads as a broken game rather than a rule. Measured over 60
+   * solitaire games it fired 51 times with a coach train in front of the player: 27 with nobody
+   * waiting to travel, 24 with passengers waiting and every coach already full.
+   */
+  const f = facilityAt(s, player, at);
+  if (!f || f.kind !== 'passenger') return 'NO_SUCH_FACILITY';
+  if (dir === 'board') {
+    if (!f.outboundBox.some((c) => c.type === 'coach' && c.loaded)) return 'NO_PASSENGERS_WAITING';
+    return 'NO_EMPTY_COACH';
+  }
+  if (f.inboundBox.length >= f.capacity.inbound) return 'INBOUND_BOX_FULL';
+  if (!s.yards.divisionYard.some((c) => c.type === 'coach' && !c.loaded)) return 'NO_EMPTY_COACH_IN_YARD';
+  return 'NO_LOADED_COACH';
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -512,10 +639,21 @@ export function check(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex, i: Intent): RejectionCo
        * on the move or it cannot bite at all.
        */
       const rules = rulesOf(tray);
-      if (dest.couples.length > 0) {
+      /**
+       * THE TRAIN'S OWN CUT IS NOT A PICK-UP. Taking back the cars you just set out on the square you
+       * are standing on undoes the drop; it is not fresh work, and none of the three restrictions
+       * that gate picking cars up should bite on it.
+       *
+       * Left in and the rule reads absurdly: X13 prints "may drop but not pick up", so a legal drop
+       * off the nose would leave the train forbidden to pull forward past its own cars for the rest
+       * of the turn — a one-way move nothing warned about. Only the cars that were ALREADY there when
+       * the crew arrived are a pick-up, so the own cut is subtracted before the tests run.
+       */
+      const fresh = dest.couples.slice(ownCutFor(s, player, i.trayId, i.reverse).length);
+      if (fresh.length > 0) {
         if (rules.dropOnly) return 'PICKUP_NOT_ALLOWED';
-        if (rules.pickUpEmptiesOnly && dest.couples.some((c) => c.loaded)) return 'EMPTIES_ONLY';
-        const freight = dest.couples.filter(isFreight).length;
+        if (rules.pickUpEmptiesOnly && fresh.some((c) => c.loaded)) return 'EMPTIES_ONLY';
+        const freight = fresh.filter(isFreight).length;
         if (freight > 0 && !freightBudgetLeft(s, player, tray, i.to, freight)) return 'FREIGHT_WORKED_HERE';
       }
       return null;
@@ -718,6 +856,22 @@ export function check(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex, i: Intent): RejectionCo
       if (!s.yards.divisionYard.some((c) => c.type === i.carType && c.loaded)) {
         return 'NO_SUITABLE_CAR';
       }
+      /**
+       * STOCKING DOES NOT NEED A CAR SPOTTED — THE LABORERS DO.
+       *
+       * §6.3 asks for nothing but a car in the Division Yard and room in the box: the Freight Agent
+       * "select[s] one Rolling Stock from the Division Yard pile and place[s] it onto a Facility's
+       * green Outbound box". The empty-car requirement belongs one step later, to §9.3's "Load the
+       * car" — "*a load in the Green Loading Box AND an empty car of the required type on the
+       * industry's track*" — which is the action that walks the load down MEN | AT | WORK.
+       *
+       * The engine used to hoist that requirement forward onto stocking, and it made the ordinary
+       * play illegal: an agent may perfectly well have the cargo waiting on the dock while the car
+       * to ship it in is still being switched in. Nothing jams as a result — a load sitting in a
+       * green box is waiting, not stuck, and only a load on MEN | AT | WORK locks the industry
+       * track. `laborer.startLoad` holds the real gate (`startableLoad`), so a load can be staged
+       * early but still cannot start down the sign until its car is standing there.
+       */
       return null;
     }
 
@@ -749,6 +903,20 @@ export function check(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex, i: Intent): RejectionCo
     }
 
     // -- New Train ------------------------------------------------------------
+    case 'newTrain.startExtra': {
+      if (!inPhase(s, 'newTrain')) return 'WRONG_PHASE';
+      if (!s.pendingExtras.includes(i.trainNumber)) return 'NO_EXTRA_PENDING';
+      if (s.freeTrays.length === 0) return 'NO_FREE_TRAY';
+      if (i.atSeat === null) return null;
+      // A Control Point is any Office above a Whistle Post (§8). A Whistle Post is not one, which is
+      // the whole reason upgrading buys a place for an Extra to start.
+      const area = s.officeAreas.get(i.atSeat);
+      if (!area) return 'NO_SUCH_FACILITY';
+      if (!officeProfile(area.tier).isControlPoint) return 'NOT_A_CONTROL_POINT';
+      // It still has to fit: an Extra starting here takes an A/D track like any other arrival.
+      return area.adOccupancy.length >= officeProfile(area.tier).adTracks ? 'NO_FREE_AD_TRACK' : null;
+    }
+
     case 'newTrain.placeCar': {
       if (!inPhase(s, 'newTrain')) return 'WRONG_PHASE';
       const tray = s.trays.get(i.trayId);
@@ -790,24 +958,47 @@ export function check(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex, i: Intent): RejectionCo
     }
 
     // -- Load / Unload --------------------------------------------------------
-    case 'porter.board':
+    /**
+     * A WHISTLE POST HAS NO PORTERS AT ALL, which is not the same as having used them.
+     *
+     * The Office card carries a passenger facility at every tier so that an upgrade is a property
+     * change rather than a card swap — but a Whistle Post's has `porters: 0`, so this fell into
+     * `RESOURCE_SPENT`, "all Porters already used this Stage". A player who had used nothing was
+     * told they had spent it all, when the answer was to upgrade the Office. 15 times in 60 games.
+     */
+    case 'porter.board': {
       if (!inPhase(s, 'loadUnload')) return 'WRONG_PHASE';
-      if (!facilityAt(s, player, i.at)) return 'NO_SUCH_FACILITY';
-      if (portersLeft(facilityAt(s, player, i.at)!) < 1) return 'RESOURCE_SPENT';
-      return canBoard(s, player, i.at) ? null : passengerRefusal(s, player);
+      const f = facilityAt(s, player, i.at);
+      if (!f) return 'NO_SUCH_FACILITY';
+      if (f.porters < 1) return 'NO_PORTERS_HERE';
+      if (portersLeft(f) < 1) return 'RESOURCE_SPENT';
+      return canBoard(s, player, i.at) ? null : passengerRefusal(s, player, i.at, 'board');
+    }
 
-    case 'porter.detrain':
+    case 'porter.detrain': {
       if (!inPhase(s, 'loadUnload')) return 'WRONG_PHASE';
-      if (!facilityAt(s, player, i.at)) return 'NO_SUCH_FACILITY';
-      if (portersLeft(facilityAt(s, player, i.at)!) < 1) return 'RESOURCE_SPENT';
-      return canDetrain(s, player, i.at) ? null : passengerRefusal(s, player);
+      const f = facilityAt(s, player, i.at);
+      if (!f) return 'NO_SUCH_FACILITY';
+      if (f.porters < 1) return 'NO_PORTERS_HERE';
+      if (portersLeft(f) < 1) return 'RESOURCE_SPENT';
+      return canDetrain(s, player, i.at) ? null : passengerRefusal(s, player, i.at, 'detrain');
+    }
 
     case 'laborer.startLoad': {
       if (!inPhase(s, 'loadUnload')) return 'WRONG_PHASE';
       const f = facilityAt(s, player, i.at);
       if (!f) return 'NO_SUCH_FACILITY';
       if (laborersLeft(f) < 1) return 'RESOURCE_SPENT';
-      return canStartLoad(f) ? null : 'BOX_EMPTY';
+      if (!f.menAtWork) return 'NO_SUCH_FACILITY';
+      if (f.outboundBox.length === 0) return 'BOX_EMPTY';
+      if (f.menAtWork[0] !== null) return 'BOX_FULL';
+      // §9.3's "Load the car" requires "*an empty car of the required type on the industry's
+      // track*", and THIS is where that is enforced — stocking the green box (§6.3) is deliberately
+      // free of it. Cargo may be staged against a car that is still being switched in; it simply
+      // cannot leave the box until the car is standing there. The check also has to be made at this
+      // moment rather than earlier because a car can be coupled away after the cargo was staged:
+      // running over an industry track couples whatever stands on it, mandatorily (§A.4).
+      return startableLoad(f) !== null ? null : 'NO_EMPTY_CAR_SPOTTED';
     }
 
     case 'laborer.advanceLoad': {
@@ -837,7 +1028,20 @@ export function check(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex, i: Intent): RejectionCo
       // The load is placed on WORK, the last box, so that box must be free — and a Passenger
       // Facility has no such box, so there is nothing to unload into.
       if (!f.menAtWork) return 'NO_SUCH_FACILITY';
-      return f.menAtWork[f.menAtWork.length - 1] === null ? null : 'BOX_FULL';
+      if (f.menAtWork[f.menAtWork.length - 1] !== null) return 'BOX_FULL';
+      /**
+       * THE MIRROR OF THE LOAD RULE: a load coming IN needs somewhere to land too, and its
+       * destination is the red Inbound box. This was checked only at the last step, so an unload
+       * could be begun into a full box and walked W→A→M over three Stages before discovering it had
+       * nowhere to go — jamming the industry, which is then locked and needs a Freight Agent turn to
+       * clear. Measured: rare (2.2% of offers) but real, and seen jamming three times in 200 games.
+       *
+       * COUNTED, not just "is there a slot". Only the W box has to be free to begin, so once a load
+       * moves W→A a second can start behind it — two loads walking toward one slot. Every red box in
+       * play today holds exactly one car, which is precisely when that bites.
+       */
+      const inFlight = f.menAtWork.filter((l) => l?.dir === 'in').length;
+      return f.capacity.inbound - f.inboundBox.length > inFlight ? null : 'INBOUND_BOX_FULL';
     }
 
     case 'loadUnload.end':
@@ -992,23 +1196,37 @@ function destinationsFor(
 ) {
   const tray = s.trays.get(trayId)!;
   const facing = facingPort(s, trayId);
-  // Reversing is the OPPOSITE port, whichever it is. This was hardcoded to flip between east and
-  // west, so a crew facing north or south reversed to 'e' — a port a north-south card does not
-  // have — and could never back out of a district spur. Combined with a facing that was itself
-  // derived from an east/west direction, it stranded 29 of 62 leftover crews on north-south track.
-  const exit: Port = reverse ? opposite(facing) : facing;
+  const exit: Port = reverse ? reversePort(s, player, from, facing) : facing;
   return reachableDestinations(
     {
       area: areaOf(s, player),
       occupancy: occupancyFor(s, player, trayId),
       consistSize: tray.consist.length,
       self: trayId,
+      ...(tray.standingWest === undefined ? {} : { standingWest: tray.standingWest }),
     },
     from,
     exit,
   );
 }
 
+/**
+ * The cars this crew would take back off its OWN card by pulling out this way.
+ *
+ * Exported because three places need the same answer and none of them should re-derive the exit port
+ * to get it: the move check exempts these cars from a train's pick-up restrictions, the move label
+ * names them separately from cars found on the line, and the walk counts them against the four-car
+ * limit. Empty for a train with nothing standing beside it, which is almost every move.
+ */
+export function ownCutFor(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex, trayId: TrayId, reverse: boolean): RollingStock[] {
+  const tray = s.trays.get(trayId);
+  if (!tray || tray.position.at !== 'grid') return [];
+  const here = tray.position.coord;
+  const facing = facingPort(s, trayId);
+  const exit: Port = reverse ? reversePort(s, player, here, facing) : facing;
+  return cutTowards(tray, carsOn(areaOf(s, player).grid.get(coordKey(here)) ?? emptyCard()), exit);
+}
+
 /**
  * WHERE THIS CREW MAY GO, AND WHY IT MAY NOT GO ELSEWHERE.
  *
@@ -1032,10 +1250,14 @@ export function movesFor(
     occupancy: occupancyFor(s, player, trayId),
     consistSize: tray.consist.length,
     self: trayId,
+    ...(tray.standingWest === undefined ? {} : { standingWest: tray.standingWest }),
   };
   const facing = facingPort(s, trayId);
   const forward = exploreMoves(ctx, from, facing);
-  const back = exploreMoves(ctx, from, opposite(facing));
+  // The card's other end, not the compass opposite — see `reversePort`. This is what the board
+  // highlights, so getting it wrong hides half the crew's legal moves rather than merely refusing
+  // one: the squares behind the train never light up at all.
+  const back = exploreMoves(ctx, from, reversePort(s, player, from, facing));
 
   const to = new Map<string, GridCoord>();
   for (const d of [...forward.destinations, ...back.destinations]) to.set(coordKey(d.coord), d.coord);
@@ -1062,6 +1284,11 @@ function execute(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex, i: Intent): GameEvent[] {
       const from = trayCoord(s, i.trayId)!;
       const dests = destinationsFor(s, player, i.trayId, from, i.reverse);
       const dest = dests.find((d) => d.coord.row === i.to.row && d.coord.col === i.to.col)!;
+      const tray = s.trays.get(i.trayId)!;
+      // The port the crew pulls out THROUGH — the same one `destinationsFor` explored from, so the
+      // cut it recouples on the way out is the cut the walk counted.
+      const facingNow = facingPort(s, i.trayId);
+      const exitPort: Port = i.reverse ? reversePort(s, player, from, facingNow) : facingNow;
       // The crew leaves by the port opposite the one it entered through, which is what it will be
       // facing when it stops. Without this the facing stays 'e'/'w' forever and a crew that turns
       // onto a north-south spur can never move again.
@@ -1073,30 +1300,54 @@ function execute(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex, i: Intent): GameEvent[] {
           to: i.to,
           movesRemaining: turnOf(s, player).movesRemaining - 1,
           /**
-           * A TRAIN THAT BACKS UP HAS NOT TURNED AROUND.
+           * A TRAIN THAT BACKS UP HAS NOT TURNED AROUND — AND A CURVE IS NOT A STRAIGHT.
            *
-           * `facing` is which way the ENGINE points, and this set it to the direction of travel on
-           * every move — so one reverse move silently spun the train about. Everything then read
-           * "forward" again, and a run-around became pointless: you could change ends for free by
-           * backing up twice.
+           * `facing` is which way the ENGINE points, and this once set it to the direction of travel
+           * on every move — so one reverse move silently spun the train about, and a run-around
+           * became pointless: you could change ends for free by backing up twice.
            *
-           * Running forward the engine leads, so it points the way the train went: `opposite(entry)`.
-           * Backing up it trails, still pointing the way it came, which is the port it arrived
-           * through. Both hold around a curve, where the compass heading changes but the engine's
-           * relationship to its train does not.
+           * Backing up, the engine TRAILS, still pointing the way it came — out through the port the
+           * train arrived by. That holds whatever the track does underneath, so it is `dest.entry`
+           * and nothing else.
+           *
+           * Running forward, the engine LEADS, so it points out through the card's far end. That was
+           * written `opposite(entry)`, which is the far end of a straight and of nothing else: a
+           * curve is an arc between two ADJACENT edges, so entering a north-west curve through its
+           * west port leaves the engine facing NORTH, not east. The wrong port was not merely
+           * cosmetic — `movesFor` explores from `facing`, and a port the card does not have yields
+           * no destinations at all, so a crew that rounded a curve could only back out the way it
+           * came. Reported as a consist drawn mirrored, which is the other half of the same bug: the
+           * east-west sense the board draws is carried from `facing` (`railFacingOf`).
+           *
+           * `farPort` asks the CARD. A destination is never a turnout — a train may not finish a
+           * Move on one (§A.1) — so there is exactly one way out of it.
            */
-          facing: i.reverse ? dest.entry : opposite(dest.entry),
+          facing: i.reverse ? dest.entry : farPort(areaOf(s, player).grid.get(coordKey(i.to)), dest.entry),
         },
       ];
       if (dest.couples.length > 0) {
-        // Name the cards the cars came from. The reducer used to clear every card in the district
-        // instead, so one coupling anywhere deleted every standing car and every industry track in
-        // the Office Area — loads worked over several Stages vanished when a crew picked up a single
-        // boxcar somewhere else entirely.
+        /**
+         * Name the cards the cars came from. The reducer used to clear every card in the district
+         * instead, so one coupling anywhere deleted every standing car and every industry track in
+         * the Office Area — loads worked over several Stages vanished when a crew picked up a single
+         * boxcar somewhere else entirely.
+         *
+         * `from` NOW BEGINS WITH THE SQUARE THE CREW LEFT. It could not before — the list was built
+         * from `dest.path` plus the destination, neither of which can ever contain the start — so a
+         * cut recoupled off your own card was added to the consist and left standing on the board at
+         * the same time, one car becoming two. The cars that stay behind (a cut set out off the
+         * OTHER end) ride along on `leaves`, because by the time this is reduced the tray has moved
+         * and `standingWest` no longer describes this card.
+         */
+        const grid = areaOf(s, player).grid;
+        const startCut = cutTowards(tray, carsOn(grid.get(coordKey(from)) ?? emptyCard()), exitPort);
         const lifted = [
+          ...(startCut.length > 0 ? [from] : []),
           ...dest.path.map((step) => step.coord),
           i.to,
-        ].filter((c) => carsOn(areaOf(s, player).grid.get(coordKey(c)) ?? emptyCard()).length > 0);
+        ].filter((c) => carsOn(grid.get(coordKey(c)) ?? emptyCard()).length > 0);
+        const sides = standingSides(tray, carsOn(grid.get(coordKey(from)) ?? emptyCard()));
+        const stayed = exitPort === 'e' ? sides.west : exitPort === 'w' ? sides.east : [];
         // §A.3 — "engines also have couplers on the front end, so a train can pick cars up onto
         // its nose". Running forward the engine meets cars head-on and takes them in front; backing
         // up, they couple behind. Which end they land on is the whole point of a run-around: it
@@ -1108,6 +1359,8 @@ function execute(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex, i: Intent): GameEvent[] {
           stock: dest.couples,
           from: lifted,
           toNose: !i.reverse,
+          ...(startCut.length > 0 && stayed.length > 0 ? { leaves: { at: from, stock: stayed } } : {}),
+          ...(startCut.length > 0 ? { recoupled: { at: from, stock: startCut } } : {}),
         });
       }
       return events;
@@ -1284,6 +1537,9 @@ function execute(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex, i: Intent): GameEvent[] {
       return [{ type: 'facilityUnjammed', player, at: i.at, from: i.from, stock }];
     }
 
+    case 'newTrain.startExtra':
+      return [{ type: 'extraStarted', player, trainNumber: i.trainNumber, atSeat: i.atSeat }];
+
     case 'newTrain.placeCar':
       return [
         {
@@ -1309,21 +1565,27 @@ function execute(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex, i: Intent): GameEvent[] {
         },
       ];
 
+    /**
+     * A COACH PAYS AT BOTH ENDS OF ITS JOURNEY — once boarded, once detrained — and each end pays
+     * `passengerPerCoach` (`content.ts`). Half a passenger movement is half the work, and the rate
+     * is named per COACH because a Porter handles exactly one coach per action.
+     */
     case 'porter.board':
       return [
         { type: 'passengersBoarded', player, at: i.at },
-        { type: 'revenueChanged', player, delta: 1, total: revenueAfter(s, player, 1), reason: 'boarding' },
+        ...earns(s, player, houseRules(s.config).revenue.passengerPerCoach, 'boarding'),
       ];
 
     case 'porter.detrain':
       return [
         { type: 'passengersDetrained', player, at: i.at },
-        { type: 'revenueChanged', player, delta: 1, total: revenueAfter(s, player, 1), reason: 'detraining' },
+        ...earns(s, player, houseRules(s.config).revenue.passengerPerCoach, 'detraining'),
       ];
 
     case 'laborer.startLoad': {
       const f = facilityAt(s, player, i.at)!;
-      return [{ type: 'loadStarted', player, at: i.at, carType: f.outboundBox[0]!.type }];
+      // The first load with a car to land on, which is not always the first in the box.
+      return [{ type: 'loadStarted', player, at: i.at, carType: f.outboundBox[startableLoad(f)!]!.type }];
     }
 
     case 'laborer.advanceLoad': {
@@ -1331,18 +1593,20 @@ function execute(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex, i: Intent): GameEvent[] {
       const load = workTrack(f)[i.box]!;
       const next = load.dir === 'out' ? i.box + 1 : i.box - 1;
 
+      // Like a coach, a load pays at both ends — made up outbound and broken inbound — and each end
+      // pays `freightPerLoad` (`content.ts`).
       if (next >= workTrack(f).length) {
         // Outbound complete: the load goes onto the spotted car (§9.3).
         return [
           { type: 'loadCompleted', player, at: i.at, carType: load.type },
-          { type: 'revenueChanged', player, delta: 1, total: revenueAfter(s, player, 1), reason: 'freightLoad' },
+          ...earns(s, player, houseRules(s.config).revenue.freightPerLoad, 'freightLoad'),
         ];
       }
       if (next < 0) {
         // Inbound complete: the load reaches the red Unloading box (§9.3).
         return [
           { type: 'unloadCompleted', player, at: i.at, carType: load.type },
-          { type: 'revenueChanged', player, delta: 1, total: revenueAfter(s, player, 1), reason: 'freightUnload' },
+          ...earns(s, player, houseRules(s.config).revenue.freightPerLoad, 'freightUnload'),
         ];
       }
       return [{ type: 'loadAdvanced', player, at: i.at, fromBox: i.box, toBox: next }];
@@ -1370,6 +1634,18 @@ function revenueAfter(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex, delta: number): number
   return (s.players[player]?.revenue ?? 0) + delta;
 }
 
+/**
+ * A revenue award at this game's rate, or NO EVENT AT ALL when the rate is zero.
+ *
+ * Zero is a real setting — it is how you switch one economy off to read the others — and a stream of
+ * "+0 Revenue" entries in the history panel would be the loudest possible way to say nothing
+ * happened. The work still happens; it just does not pay.
+ */
+function earns(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex, rate: number, reason: string): GameEvent[] {
+  if (rate <= 0) return [];
+  return [{ type: 'revenueChanged', player, delta: rate, total: revenueAfter(s, player, rate), reason }];
+}
+
 /** §7 — from the rolled slot, walk down the Timetable column, wrapping at the bottom. */
 function findTimetableSlot(s: GameState, from: number): number | null {
   for (let i = 0; i < s.timetable.length; i++) {
@@ -1398,11 +1674,21 @@ export function reduce(s: GameState, e: GameEvent): void {
       // A tray moving stays in the district it was already in — the seat does not change.
       const seat = tray.position.at === 'grid' ? tray.position.seat : 0;
       tray.position = { at: 'grid', seat, coord: e.to };
-      if (e.facing) tray.facing = e.facing;
+      if (e.facing) {
+        tray.facing = e.facing;
+        // The east-west sense only exists on east-west track, so it is CARRIED across north-south
+        // track rather than recomputed there — see `railFacing` in state.ts.
+        if (e.facing === 'e' || e.facing === 'w') tray.railFacing = e.facing;
+      }
       // Only the player sitting in this district can be switching this tray, so the Moves come off
       // their turn. The event carries no player of its own.
       turnOf(s, playerAtSeat(s, seat)).movesRemaining = e.movesRemaining;
 
+      // A MOVE ENDS ON AN EMPTY CARD, always: coupling is mandatory, so anything standing on the
+      // destination has just been lifted into the tray. Whatever this crew had beside it belonged to
+      // the square it left, so its place in that row is gone with it.
+      tray.standingWest = 0;
+
       // An A/D track is held only while the train is actually standing at the Office (§2.1).
       // Leaving it out of sync means the Office looks permanently full and every arrival collides.
       const area = areaAtSeat(s, seat);
@@ -1416,12 +1702,25 @@ export function reduce(s: GameState, e: GameEvent): void {
     case 'carsCoupled': {
       const tray = s.trays.get(e.trayId)!;
       const area = areaAtSeat(s, tray.position.at === 'grid' ? tray.position.seat : 0);
+      /**
+       * `stock` ARRIVES NEAREST-FIRST — the order the engine MET the cars, accumulated along the
+       * walk. A tray is ordered nose first, so only one of the two ends needs turning round.
+       *
+       * Behind the train, near-first is already right: the nearest car couples to the existing tail
+       * and each one after it goes further back, which is the order the array is in.
+       *
+       * On the nose it is exactly backwards. The FARTHEST car ends up nose-most — the engine pushes
+       * the first one it met ahead of it and picks up the next in front of that — so the cut reverses
+       * on the way into the tray. Getting this wrong is invisible in a single move and shows up as a
+       * run-around that changes nothing: approaching one parked cut from either end used to give the
+       * identical consist, when the whole point is that the two mirror.
+       */
       if (e.toNose) {
         // Cars taken on the nose go AHEAD of the engine — "pushing them into the Facility" — so the
         // engine is no longer at the front and its index has to follow. It never did, so a crew that
         // shoved a cut anywhere kept a tray claiming the engine was still leading, and §8.2's
         // make-up rule had nothing truthful to check.
-        tray.consist.unshift(...e.stock);
+        tray.consist.unshift(...[...e.stock].reverse());
         tray.engineAt += e.stock.length;
       } else {
         tray.consist.push(...e.stock);
@@ -1434,7 +1733,24 @@ export function reduce(s: GameState, e: GameEvent): void {
         card.standing = [];
         if (card.facility) card.facility.industryTrack.cars = [];
       }
-      spendFreightBudget(s, playerAtSeat(s, trayySeat(tray)), tray, e.at, e.stock);
+      // The card the crew pulled OUT of may still be holding a cut set out off its other end, which
+      // the sweep above has just emptied along with everything else. Put it back.
+      if (e.leaves) {
+        const card = area.grid.get(coordKey(e.leaves.at));
+        if (card) carsOn(card).push(...e.leaves.stock.map((c) => ({ ...c })));
+      }
+      // A tray that has moved is standing on a card it has just emptied, so nothing of its own is
+      // left beside it. Any cut it did leave behind is on the square it came FROM.
+      tray.standingWest = 0;
+      /**
+       * Charge only the cars that were ALREADY standing where the crew ran — the own cut at the
+       * front of `stock` is a drop being undone, so it is refunded on the square it was left on
+       * instead of being charged again at the far end.
+       */
+      const owner = playerAtSeat(s, trayySeat(tray));
+      const taken = e.recoupled ? e.stock.slice(e.recoupled.stock.length) : e.stock;
+      spendFreightBudget(s, owner, tray, e.at, taken);
+      if (e.recoupled) refundFreightBudget(s, owner, tray, e.recoupled.at, e.recoupled.stock);
       break;
     }
 
@@ -1463,8 +1779,35 @@ export function reduce(s: GameState, e: GameEvent): void {
       }
       tray.engineAt = Math.min(tray.engineAt, tray.consist.length);
       const card = area.grid.get(coordKey(e.at));
-      // On a Facility card the industry track is where cars stand (§9.3).
-      if (card) carsOn(card).push(...e.stock);
+      /**
+       * WHERE THE CUT LANDS ON THE CARD — the fix for "when dropping all 4 cars, order was
+       * reversed; it worked properly if we dropped cars individually".
+       *
+       * This was `carsOn(card).push(...stock)`, which is neither of the two things it needs to be.
+       * The cut arrives in TRAY order (nose first) and the card is ordered WEST TO EAST, so it has
+       * to be turned around for an east-facing train — `trackOrder`. And it has to go at the end of
+       * the row the cut physically occupies, which is not always the end of the array:
+       *
+       *   - a NOSE cut is set out ahead of the engine, on the `facing` side;
+       *   - a TAIL cut is set out behind it, on the other side.
+       *
+       * Successive cuts off the same end stack up TOWARDS the engine — the first car set out is left
+       * furthest away, and each one after it is left in the gap between the train and the last —
+       * so the insertion point is the train's own position in the row, `standingWest`, from either
+       * side. That is what makes the result batch-invariant: four cars at once, four singles, or two
+       * pairs all park in the same order, which is the reported bug and the regression test.
+       */
+      if (card) {
+        const cars = carsOn(card);
+        const facing = railFacingOf(tray);
+        const onWestSide = e.fromNose ? facing === 'w' : facing === 'e';
+        const k = Math.max(0, Math.min(cars.length, tray.standingWest ?? 0));
+        const cut = trackOrder(e.stock, facing);
+        cars.splice(k, 0, ...cut);
+        // The train has not moved, so cars set out on its WEST side push its index along the row;
+        // cars set out to the east leave it where it was.
+        tray.standingWest = onWestSide ? k + cut.length : k;
+      }
       spendFreightBudget(s, playerAtSeat(s, trayySeat(tray)), tray, e.at, e.stock);
       break;
     }
@@ -1593,7 +1936,32 @@ export function reduce(s: GameState, e: GameEvent): void {
         };
         // Becoming a Passenger Facility at all is a state change, not a delta (Gap 8): a Whistle
         // Post has no passenger boxes to add to.
+        const wasPassenger = f.allows.outbound || f.allows.inbound;
         f.allows = { outbound: to.isPassengerFacility, inbound: to.isPassengerFacility };
+
+        /**
+         * A GRANT SUPPRESSED AT A WHISTLE POST COMES BACK WHEN THE OFFICE CAN USE IT.
+         *
+         * Reported from play: "Restaurant attached to a whistle stop, then upgrade to depot — depot
+         * only shows one green / one red box. I expected two, because Restaurant increases outbound
+         * by one." Exactly right, and here is why it happened: `hosts: ['office']` includes a Whistle
+         * Post, which is NOT a Passenger Facility, so `usableGrant` dropped the +1 outbound at the
+         * moment the card was played. The porter landed — porters have no direction gate — and the
+         * slot was gone for good, because the upgrade only ever applied the difference between two
+         * tiers and knew nothing about what had been discarded on the way.
+         *
+         * `TrackCard.modifiers` records which Modifiers served this facility, so what was dropped is
+         * recoverable: when the Office becomes a Passenger Facility, every one of them is granted the
+         * capacity it always printed. Keyed on the TRANSITION, so a Depot → Station upgrade does not
+         * pay them a second time.
+         */
+        if (!wasPassenger && to.isPassengerFacility) {
+          for (const kind of officeCard.modifiers) {
+            const m = modifierProfile(kind);
+            f.capacity.outbound += m.addOut;
+            f.capacity.inbound += m.addIn;
+          }
+        }
       }
       break;
     }
@@ -1681,6 +2049,32 @@ export function reduce(s: GameState, e: GameEvent): void {
       break;
     }
 
+    case 'extraStarted': {
+      const trayId = s.freeTrays.pop()!;
+      s.pendingExtras = s.pendingExtras.filter((n) => n !== e.trainNumber);
+      const direction = runDirection(e.trainNumber);
+      if (e.atSeat === null) {
+        const side = startingDivisionPoint(e.trainNumber);
+        s.trays.set(trayId, {
+          id: trayId, trainNumber: e.trainNumber, trainIsExtra: true, engineAt: 0, consist: [],
+          direction, position: { at: 'divisionPoint', side }, movesUsed: 0,
+        });
+        const dp = s.division.nodes.find((n) => n.kind === 'divisionPoint' && n.side === side);
+        if (dp?.kind === 'divisionPoint') dp.holding.push(trayId);
+      } else {
+        // Starting at a Control Point: it stands on the Office card and takes an A/D track, exactly
+        // as though it had arrived there.
+        const area = areaAtSeat(s, e.atSeat);
+        s.trays.set(trayId, {
+          id: trayId, trainNumber: e.trainNumber, trainIsExtra: true, engineAt: 0, consist: [],
+          direction, facing: direction === 'west' ? 'w' : 'e', railFacing: direction === 'west' ? 'w' : 'e',
+          position: { at: 'grid', seat: e.atSeat, coord: area.officeCoord }, movesUsed: 0,
+        });
+        area.adOccupancy.push(trayId);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
     case 'passengersBoarded': {
       const f = facilityAt(s, e.player, e.at)!;
       const area = areaOf(s, e.player);
@@ -1707,9 +2101,10 @@ export function reduce(s: GameState, e: GameEvent): void {
         const ci = tray?.consist.findIndex((c) => c.type === 'coach' && c.loaded) ?? -1;
         if (tray && ci >= 0) {
           // The empty coach comes OUT OF THE DIVISION YARD, as §9.2 says. It used to be conjured,
-          // which minted a coach on every de-training.
+          // which minted a coach on every de-training. Throws now, for the reason in `unloadBegan`.
           const yi = s.yards.divisionYard.findIndex((c) => c.type === 'coach' && !c.loaded);
-          const empty = yi >= 0 ? s.yards.divisionYard.splice(yi, 1)[0]! : { type: 'coach' as const, loaded: false };
+          if (yi < 0) throw new Error('passengersDetrained: no empty coach in the Division Yard');
+          const empty = s.yards.divisionYard.splice(yi, 1)[0]!;
           refillDivisionYardIfEmpty(s);
           f.inboundBox.push(tray.consist[ci]!);
           tray.consist[ci] = empty;
@@ -1761,10 +2156,17 @@ export function reduce(s: GameState, e: GameEvent): void {
       const f = facilityAt(s, e.player, e.at)!;
       const ci = f.industryTrack.cars.findIndex((c) => c.loaded);
       if (ci >= 0) {
-        // §9.3 — the replacement empty comes out of the Division Yard. Conjuring it here is what
-        // minted a car on every unload, and it also skipped a requirement the rule states.
+        /**
+         * §9.3 — the replacement empty comes out of the Division Yard. Conjuring it here is what
+         * minted a car on every unload, and it also skipped a requirement the rule states.
+         *
+         * THROWS rather than falling back. `check` guarantees the car is there, so reaching this is
+         * a broken invariant, and the old fallback quietly minted rolling stock instead of saying
+         * so — which is exactly the shape of leak `TODO.md` spent a conservation audit chasing.
+         */
         const yi = s.yards.divisionYard.findIndex((c) => c.type === e.carType && !c.loaded);
-        const empty = yi >= 0 ? s.yards.divisionYard.splice(yi, 1)[0]! : { type: e.carType, loaded: false };
+        if (yi < 0) throw new Error(`unloadBegan: no empty ${e.carType} in the Division Yard`);
+        const empty = s.yards.divisionYard.splice(yi, 1)[0]!;
         refillDivisionYardIfEmpty(s);
         f.industryTrack.cars[ci] = empty;
       }
@@ -1861,7 +2263,7 @@ function buildFreightFacility(kind: FreightKind): Facility {
     // industry-specific modifier cards, not printed large on the industry itself.
     capacity: { outbound: p.baseOut, inbound: p.baseIn },
     menAtWork: [null, null, null],
-    industryTrack: { length: Math.max(1, p.baseOut + p.baseIn), cars: [] },
+    industryTrack: { cars: [] },
     laborers: p.baseLoaders,
     porters: 0,
     usedThisStage: { laborers: 0, porters: 0 },
@@ -2105,13 +2507,15 @@ function hasModifierInArea(area: OfficeArea, kind: ModifierKind): boolean {
  * the laborer landed because Laborers have no direction, and the slot did not because there was
  * nowhere for it to go. No modifier turns a receiver into a shipper, so the grant is dropped.
  *
- * It is not one card's quirk. The same trap catches **Truck Dock** and **Forklifts**, which also
- * print `addOut` and also list `grocersWarehouse` among their hosts, and **Waiting Area**,
- * **Restaurant** and **Hotel**, whose `hosts: ['office']` includes a Whistle Post — not a Passenger
- * Facility, so `allows.outbound` is false there too.
+ * It is not one card's quirk, and it cuts both ways. **Waiting Area**, **Restaurant** and **Hotel**
+ * print `addOut` for `hosts: ['office']`, which includes a Whistle Post — not a Passenger Facility,
+ * so `allows.outbound` is false there too. **Truck Dock** is the mirror image: it prints `addIn` and
+ * lists **Packing Sheds**, which only ships, so its one grant is dropped there and the card does
+ * nothing at all. Which host you set it beside is the whole decision, and the hand tooltip says so
+ * before it is played.
  *
- * The industry track grows by what was actually applied, not by what was printed: a slot that does
- * not exist must not lengthen the siding that would have served it.
+ * What is applied is what the host can actually use, not what the card printed. It affects the box
+ * count only — see `applyModifier` on why no Modifier lengthens an industry's track.
  */
 function usableGrant(f: Facility, m: ModifierProfile): { out: number; in: number } {
   return {
@@ -2143,14 +2547,13 @@ function applyModifier(area: OfficeArea, coord: GridCoord, modifier: ModifierKin
   f.laborers += m.addLoaders;
   f.porters += m.addPorters;
   /**
-   * The siding grows only where there IS one. A Passenger Facility has no industry track — passengers
-   * board off the platform — so a Waiting Area, whose "+1" is a passenger slot rather than a car,
-   * must not give the Office somewhere to spot a car. It did, and the board then drew the Depot a
-   * siding square: the same phantom siding the renderer was just fixed for, arriving by another door.
+   * A MODIFIER ADDS A BOX, NEVER ROOM FOR A CAR.
+   *
+   * A Truck Dock beside a Grocer's Warehouse gives it a second RED box — somewhere for one more
+   * arriving load to be cleared to — and changes nothing about how many cars may be set out there,
+   * which was already four and stays four. This used to lengthen the industry track by the same
+   * amount, which is where the phantom siding came from: capacity and rail are different things.
    */
-  if (f.kind === 'freight' && (use.out > 0 || use.in > 0)) {
-    f.industryTrack.length += use.out + use.in;
-  }
 }
 
 /** §2.1, Gap 4a — extending the Running Track pushes the Limits sign outward. */

src/engine/content.ts

@@ -230,10 +230,37 @@ export type IndustryProfile = {
 export const INDUSTRY_PROFILES: readonly IndustryProfile[] = [
   { kind: 'freightHouse', name: 'Freight House', carTypes: ['boxcar'], flow: 'both', baseOut: 1, baseIn: 1, baseLoaders: 1, lockouts: ['grocersWarehouse'], copies: 6 },
   { kind: 'mineTipple', name: 'Mine Tipple', carTypes: ['hopper'], flow: 'outbound', baseOut: 1, baseIn: 0, baseLoaders: 1, lockouts: ['powerPlant'], copies: 6 },
-  { kind: 'refinery', name: 'Refinery', carTypes: ['tank'], flow: 'outbound', baseOut: 1, baseIn: 0, baseLoaders: 1, lockouts: ['powerPlant'], copies: 3 },
+  /**
+   * BOTH DIRECTIONS, per the card reference — this was `outbound` and it contradicted the rules.
+   *
+   * `card-reference.md`: "Oil Refinery | Tank car | Both | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4", and in prose — "'Freight
+   * House' is not a card. It is the collective term for a freight facility that loads *and* unloads
+   * — the Grocer's Warehouse and the Oil Refinery." §9.3's "Passenger Facilities and Freight Houses
+   * permit cars to move each direction" therefore names exactly these two, and the engine had both
+   * of them one-way.
+   *
+   * The consequence was silent: `usableGrant` drops a Modifier's grant on a direction its host
+   * cannot use, so every +1 inbound beside a Refinery went nowhere.
+   *
+   * The base numbers stay at the engine's own scale (1 per direction it allows) rather than the card
+   * reference's 2/2 — every industry here is scaled down the same way, Mine Tipple included, and
+   * raising one of them alone would be a balance change rather than a correction. Flagged in TODO.
+   */
+  { kind: 'refinery', name: 'Refinery', carTypes: ['tank'], flow: 'both', baseOut: 1, baseIn: 1, baseLoaders: 1, lockouts: ['powerPlant'], copies: 3 },
   { kind: 'powerPlant', name: 'Power Plant', carTypes: ['hopper', 'tank'], flow: 'inbound', baseOut: 0, baseIn: 1, baseLoaders: 1, lockouts: ['mineTipple', 'refinery'], copies: 6 },
   { kind: 'packingSheds', name: 'Packing Sheds', carTypes: ['reefer'], flow: 'outbound', baseOut: 1, baseIn: 0, baseLoaders: 1, lockouts: ['grocersWarehouse'], copies: 3 },
-  { kind: 'grocersWarehouse', name: "Grocer's Warehouse", carTypes: ['boxcar', 'reefer'], flow: 'inbound', baseOut: 0, baseIn: 1, baseLoaders: 1, lockouts: ['packingSheds', 'freightHouse'], copies: 3 },
+  /**
+   * BOTH DIRECTIONS — see the Refinery above; "Grocer's Warehouse | Boxcar | Both | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3".
+   *
+   * Reported from play: "grocer's warehouse didn't get extra outbound slot for truck dock." It could
+   * not: the Truck Dock printed +1 outbound at the time and this was `flow: 'inbound'`, so the grant
+   * was dropped on a direction the facility did not have. The same trap still swallows an Ice House
+   * set beside a Grocer's that has been left one-way.
+   *
+   * `TODO.md` had previously recorded this as "checked, and there is no bug" on the reasoning that a
+   * Grocer's is inbound-only. That premise was the bug.
+   */
+  { kind: 'grocersWarehouse', name: "Grocer's Warehouse", carTypes: ['boxcar', 'reefer'], flow: 'both', baseOut: 1, baseIn: 1, baseLoaders: 1, lockouts: ['packingSheds', 'freightHouse'], copies: 3 },
 ];
 
 /** Legacy alias; the engine still reads FREIGHT_PROFILES in places. */
@@ -280,7 +307,20 @@ export const MODIFIER_PROFILES: readonly ModifierProfile[] = [
   { kind: 'restaurant', name: 'Restaurant', hosts: ['office'], addOut: 1, addIn: 0, addLoaders: 0, addPorters: 1, copies: 2 },
   { kind: 'hotel', name: 'Hotel', hosts: ['office'], addOut: 1, addIn: 0, addLoaders: 0, addPorters: 1, copies: 1 },
   // Freight House / Packing Sheds / Grocer's
-  { kind: 'truckDock', name: 'Truck dock', hosts: ['freightHouse', 'packingSheds', 'grocersWarehouse'], addOut: 1, addIn: 0, addLoaders: 1, addPorters: 0, copies: 2 },
+  /**
+   * INBOUND, AND NO LABORER — the one Modifier that helps a facility RECEIVE.
+   *
+   * It printed "+1 outbound, +1 Laborer" like every other freight Modifier, which made it a
+   * duplicate of Forklifts with a longer host list. A dock is where a truck backs up to take
+   * delivery, so it earns its own line in the deck by adding the red box instead of the green one —
+   * and pays for it by bringing no man to work it.
+   *
+   * Two consequences, both intended. `usableGrant` drops an inbound grant on a host that only ships,
+   * so beside **Packing Sheds** this card now does nothing at all — the hand tooltip says so before
+   * it is played. And it is the first Modifier that grants no worker, so a facility's laborer count
+   * no longer rises with every card set beside it.
+   */
+  { kind: 'truckDock', name: 'Truck dock', hosts: ['freightHouse', 'packingSheds', 'grocersWarehouse'], addOut: 0, addIn: 1, addLoaders: 0, addPorters: 0, copies: 2 },
   { kind: 'railroadExpressAgency', name: 'Railroad Express Agency', hosts: ['freightHouse'], addOut: 1, addIn: 0, addLoaders: 1, addPorters: 0, copies: 1 },
   { kind: 'forklifts', name: 'Forklifts', hosts: ['freightHouse', 'packingSheds'], addOut: 1, addIn: 0, addLoaders: 1, addPorters: 0, copies: 2 },
   // Mine Tipple
@@ -402,6 +442,22 @@ export const EXTRA_TRAINS: readonly TrainProfile[] = [
 
 export const ALL_TRAINS: readonly TrainProfile[] = [...TIMETABLED_TRAINS, ...EXTRA_TRAINS];
 
+/**
+ * §2.3 — ODD RUNS WEST, EVEN RUNS EAST. The number is the direction, for an Extra as much as for a
+ * timetabled train, and the Division Point it starts at is therefore the one it runs away from.
+ *
+ * Extras print `direction: 'playerChoice'`, which the engine read as "always eastbound from the West
+ * Division Point". Jesse's ruling: the number decides, like everything else on the timetable.
+ */
+export function runDirection(trainNumber: number): Direction {
+  return trainNumber % 2 === 0 ? 'east' : 'west';
+}
+
+/** The Division Point a train of this number starts from — the opposite end to the way it runs. */
+export function startingDivisionPoint(trainNumber: number): Direction {
+  return runDirection(trainNumber) === 'east' ? 'west' : 'east';
+}
+
 export function trainProfile(number: number, isExtra: boolean): TrainProfile | null {
   return ALL_TRAINS.find((t) => t.number === number && t.isExtra === isExtra) ?? null;
 }
@@ -417,7 +473,7 @@ export function consistSize(c: ConsistSpec): number {
 
 export type MainlineKind =
   | 'plains' | 'curves' | 'hilly' | 'heavyGrade' | 'doubleTrack'
-  | 'uncontrolledSiding' | 'tunnel' | 'trestle' | 'yard';
+  | 'uncontrolledSiding' | 'tunnel' | 'trestle' | 'interchange';
 
 /**
  * Speed as printed. `60` and `30` appear on the cards; Hilly prints P60/F30, and Heavy Grade
@@ -437,7 +493,7 @@ export type MainlineProfile = {
   speed: MainlineSpeed;
   /** Double Track and Uncontrolled Siding: "Trains may pass". */
   trainsMayPass: boolean;
-  /** Yard: "Sort cars in new order". */
+  /** Interchange: "Sort cars in new order". */
   sortsCars: boolean;
   /** Named entry points printed on the card; some are unlocked by modifier cards. */
   entryPoints: readonly string[];
@@ -452,7 +508,14 @@ export const MAINLINE_PROFILES: readonly MainlineProfile[] = [
   { kind: 'uncontrolledSiding', name: 'Uncontrolled Siding', speed: { kind: 'uniform', value: 60 }, trainsMayPass: true, sortsCars: false, entryPoints: ['noPass', 'passingTrains'] },
   { kind: 'tunnel', name: 'Tunnel', speed: { kind: 'uniform', value: 30 }, trainsMayPass: false, sortsCars: false, entryPoints: ['start'] },
   { kind: 'trestle', name: 'Trestle', speed: { kind: 'uniform', value: 60 }, trainsMayPass: false, sortsCars: false, entryPoints: ['start'] },
-  { kind: 'yard', name: 'Yard', speed: { kind: 'uniform', value: 60 }, trainsMayPass: false, sortsCars: true, entryPoints: ['start', 'sortCars'] },
+  /**
+   * RENAMED FROM "Yard" after play. The card is unchanged — same 60, same "sort cars in new
+   * order", same entry points, same art — but "Yard" collided with the Division Yard, the
+   * Classification Yard, the Salvage Yard, the Yard Office and the Small Yard, none of which are
+   * this. Its own key is renamed with it, so the two never drift apart. Those OTHER yards are
+   * deliberately left alone: they are different things that merely shared a word.
+   */
+  { kind: 'interchange', name: 'Interchange', speed: { kind: 'uniform', value: 60 }, trainsMayPass: false, sortsCars: true, entryPoints: ['start', 'sortCars'] },
 ];
 
 /**
@@ -496,6 +559,59 @@ export function crossingStages(
   return Math.max(1, stages - gradeReduction(profile, modifiers, direction, gradeUp));
 }
 
+/**
+ * WHAT THIS MAINLINE CARD DOES TO A TRAIN, in a sentence.
+ *
+ * Reported from play: "mainline cards need a tooltip stating what they do. Hilly and Uncontrolled
+ * Siding — I have no idea the impact they have on game play." Both are invisible without one: Hilly
+ * charges freight double what it charges passengers, and Uncontrolled Siding is one of only two
+ * cards where a following train is not stuck behind a slower one.
+ *
+ * The crossing times are COMPUTED by `crossingStages` rather than written out, so a tooltip cannot
+ * drift from the rule it describes — including the Hilly split, which is the whole point of the
+ * card and is decided by whether the train carries a coach.
+ */
+export function mainlineDescription(kind: MainlineKind, gradeUp: Direction = 'east'): string {
+  const p = mainlineProfile(kind);
+  const stages = (n: number): string => `${n} Stage${n === 1 ? '' : 's'}`;
+  const parts: string[] = [];
+
+  if (p.speed.kind === 'byTrainType') {
+    // Hilly. The split is by CONSIST, not by the train's speed class: anything with a coach on it
+    // takes the passenger figure.
+    parts.push(
+      `P${p.speed.passenger} / F${p.speed.freight} — a train carrying ANY coach crosses as a ` +
+        `${p.speed.passenger} (${stages(crossingStages(kind, 'fast', true))} for a fast train), and a ` +
+        `freight-only train as a ${p.speed.freight} (${stages(crossingStages(kind, 'fast', false))}). ` +
+        `A slow train adds one Stage either way.`,
+    );
+  } else if (p.speed.kind === 'grade') {
+    parts.push(
+      `A grade, climbing ${gradeUp === 'east' ? 'eastward' : 'westward'}. It crosses as a 30 — ` +
+        `${stages(crossingStages(kind, 'fast', false, [], gradeUp, gradeUp))} for a fast train, and one ` +
+        `more for a slow one. Brakeman and Airbrakes each take a Stage off a train running DOWNHILL; ` +
+        `Helpers takes one off a train running UPHILL. Never below one Stage.`,
+    );
+  } else {
+    parts.push(
+      `${p.speed.value} — ${stages(crossingStages(kind, 'fast', false))} for a fast train, ` +
+        `${stages(crossingStages(kind, 'slow', false))} for a slow one.`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (p.trainsMayPass) {
+    parts.push(
+      'TRAINS MAY PASS — two trains may stand on this card at once, so a following train is not held ' +
+        'behind a slower one. Only this and the Double Track allow it.',
+    );
+  } else {
+    parts.push('One train at a time — anything following has to wait for it to clear.');
+  }
+
+  if (p.sortsCars) parts.push('Cars may be sorted into any new order here.');
+  return parts.join(' · ');
+}
+
 /**
  * Q11, answered: the Heavy Grade card prints "(Up)" and "Player sets orientation", so which way it
  * climbs is a property of the placed card, not a constant. `gradeUp` is the direction a train is
@@ -558,7 +674,22 @@ export const REALIGNMENTS: readonly { from: MainlineKind; to: MainlineKind }[] =
 // The four new card categories
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-export type SimpleCard = { key: string; name: string; copies: number; placement: string; effect: string };
+export type SimpleCard = {
+  key: string;
+  name: string;
+  copies: number;
+  placement: string;
+  effect: string;
+  /**
+   * The opponent-directed card this exists SOLELY to answer.
+   *
+   * A defence with nothing to defend against is a dead draw, exactly as the attack itself would be.
+   * The 22 Space-use and Action cards are held out of every deck until they are implemented (Q6),
+   * and these go with them — named here rather than in a list somewhere else so the pairing is
+   * visible on the card, and so they come back together when their attacker does.
+   */
+  answers?: string;
+};
 
 /** "Burns tablespace" — occupies a grid cell and does nothing useful. Semantics pending §10 Q6. */
 export const SPACE_USE_CARDS: readonly SimpleCard[] = [
@@ -665,11 +796,11 @@ export function enhancementRule(key: string): EnhancementRule | null {
 
 export const ENHANCEMENT_CARDS: readonly SimpleCard[] = [
   { key: 'interlocking', name: 'Interlocking', copies: 2, placement: 'any Running Track Straight', effect: 'May stop an inbound train on the Limit Track.' },
-  { key: 'facingPointLocks', name: 'Facing Point Locks', copies: 2, placement: 'adjacent to Interlocking', effect: 'Must have Interlocking. Prevents Derail being played on you.' },
+  { key: 'facingPointLocks', name: 'Facing Point Locks', copies: 2, placement: 'adjacent to Interlocking', effect: 'Must have Interlocking. Prevents Derail being played on you.', answers: 'Derail' },
   { key: 'yardOffice', name: 'Yard office', copies: 1, placement: 'any Secondary Track Straight', effect: 'An inbound train with no coaches that can reach the yard office in one move may arrive there instead of the Train Order Office.' },
   { key: 'smallYard', name: 'Small yard', copies: 1, placement: 'any Secondary Track Straight', effect: 'A train that spends one move in the yard may sort itself into ANY order, including cars ahead of the engine.' },
-  { key: 'waterColumn', name: 'Water column', copies: 2, placement: 'any Running Track Straight', effect: 'Lets you remove any Watertower in your district.' },
-  { key: 'overpass', name: 'Overpass', copies: 1, placement: 'any Railroad Crossing', effect: 'Removes the restrictions of a played Railroad Crossing.' },
+  { key: 'waterColumn', name: 'Water column', copies: 2, placement: 'any Running Track Straight', effect: 'Lets you remove any Watertower in your district.', answers: 'Watertower' },
+  { key: 'overpass', name: 'Overpass', copies: 1, placement: 'any Railroad Crossing', effect: 'Removes the restrictions of a played Railroad Crossing.', answers: 'Railroad crossing' },
   { key: 'telegraph', name: 'Telegraph', copies: 3, placement: 'any Running Track Straight', effect: 'Once a day, when dispatching facing trains, add +4 to the other train’s number.' },
   { key: 'telephone', name: 'Telephone', copies: 2, placement: 'on Telegraph', effect: 'Once a day, add +8 to the other train’s number.' },
   { key: 'radio', name: 'Radio', copies: 2, placement: 'on Telephone', effect: 'Once a day, add +12 to the other train’s number.' },
@@ -681,7 +812,7 @@ export const MAINLINE_MODIFIER_CARDS: readonly SimpleCard[] = [
   { key: 'airbrakes', name: 'Airbrakes', copies: 1, placement: 'a GRADE Mainline card', effect: 'Faster passage downhill. Brakeman must be in effect.' },
   { key: 'helpers', name: 'Helpers', copies: 1, placement: 'a GRADE Mainline card', effect: 'Faster passage uphill.' },
   { key: 'realignment', name: 'Realignment', copies: 2, placement: 'a Mainline card', effect: 'Convert one Mainline type to another. Not while a train is on it.' },
-  { key: 'facingPointLocksMainline', name: 'Facing Point Locks', copies: 2, placement: 'adjacent to Interlocking', effect: 'Prevents Derail being played on you.' },
+  { key: 'facingPointLocksMainline', name: 'Facing Point Locks', copies: 2, placement: 'adjacent to Interlocking', effect: 'Prevents Derail being played on you.', answers: 'Derail' },
 ];
 
 /**
@@ -756,13 +887,117 @@ export const STAGES_PER_SHIFT = 3;
 export const HAND_LIMIT = 3;
 
 /**
- * The opening deal: 3 track cards and 3 others, from two separately shuffled piles (`setup.ts`).
+ * The split opening deal: 3 track cards and 3 others, from two separately shuffled piles
+ * (`setup.ts`). One of the three `StartingHand` options below, not the only one any more.
  *
  * Six against a limit of three on purpose — the first turn is spent choosing which district you can
- * afford to build. PROVISIONAL, and flagged in `TODO.md` for review after play.
+ * afford to build.
  */
 export const OPENING_TRACK = 3;
 export const OPENING_OTHER = 3;
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// House rules — the settings the New Game dialog offers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * WHAT EACH PLAYER OPENS HOLDING.
+ *
+ * Three answers, all of which have been the rule at some point, and none of which is obviously
+ * right — so the game stops guessing and asks whoever deals.
+ *
+ * - `threeRandom` — the prototype rule. Three cards off one deck, at the hand limit, no guarantees.
+ * - `sixRandom` — six off one deck, so the first turn is a discard and the opening is a choice,
+ *   without the track being handed to you.
+ * - `threeTrackThreeOther` — three of each from separately shuffled piles. Introduced because a
+ *   run-around needs five specific pieces and the bot held a turnout and a matching-hand curve
+ *   together on 0.2% of turns; measured five ways, that was a SUPPLY problem, not a bot weakness.
+ */
+export type StartingHand = 'threeRandom' | 'sixRandom' | 'threeTrackThreeOther';
+
+/** How many cards come off which pile, per `StartingHand`. `any` is dealt from the single deck. */
+export const OPENING_DEALS: Readonly<Record<StartingHand, { any: number; track: number; other: number }>> = {
+  threeRandom: { any: 3, track: 0, other: 0 },
+  sixRandom: { any: 6, track: 0, other: 0 },
+  threeTrackThreeOther: { any: 0, track: OPENING_TRACK, other: OPENING_OTHER },
+};
+
+/**
+ * WHAT THE THREE WORKING ECONOMIES PAY.
+ *
+ * Balance is the open problem in this game — the developer bot averages 7.0 Revenue against a target
+ * of 20, of which most came from traffic nobody had to work — and the way to settle it is to play it
+ * at several settings rather than to keep re-deriving it. So the three rates are dials, set when the
+ * game is dealt and fixed for its duration.
+ *
+ * `passengerPerCoach` and `freightPerLoad` each pay on BOTH halves of their cycle: a coach pays when
+ * it is boarded and again when it is detrained, a load pays when it is made up outbound and again
+ * when it is broken inbound. That is what the rates have always done; these scale it.
+ *
+ * `trainPerTransit` pays every player, once, when a train runs off the end of the Division — it is
+ * the shared achievement, and every Office it crossed had to clear it. It defaults to 0 because at 1
+ * it was worth ~5.4 of a 7.0 mean: the railroad was earning most of its money from traffic no one
+ * had to work, which drowned out the freight and passenger economies this game is actually about.
+ */
+export type RevenueRules = {
+  passengerPerCoach: number;
+  freightPerLoad: number;
+  trainPerTransit: number;
+};
+
+export type HouseRules = { startingHand: StartingHand; revenue: RevenueRules };
+
+/** What a caller may name — any subset, down to none — resolved by `houseRules()`. */
+export type HouseRuleOverrides = { startingHand?: StartingHand; revenue?: Partial<RevenueRules> };
+
+/** The dialog's range. Zero is a real setting: it switches an economy off so the others can be read. */
+export const REVENUE_MIN = 0;
+export const REVENUE_MAX = 5;
+
+export const DEFAULT_HOUSE_RULES: HouseRules = {
+  startingHand: 'threeRandom',
+  revenue: { passengerPerCoach: 1, freightPerLoad: 1, trainPerTransit: 0 },
+};
+
+/**
+ * THE RULES A SAVE THAT PREDATES THIS SETTING WAS PLAYED UNDER.
+ *
+ * A save is a seed and a list of intents, so it only replays under the ruleset that produced it —
+ * `TODO.md` records two published replays going dead unnoticed when the rules moved, one of them 42
+ * intents into 360. Every save written from now on carries its rules; the ones already written do
+ * not, and this is what they meant. Do not "tidy" it into the defaults above: that silently kills
+ * the three replays in `public/replays/`.
+ */
+export const LEGACY_HOUSE_RULES: HouseRules = {
+  startingHand: 'threeTrackThreeOther',
+  revenue: { passengerPerCoach: 1, freightPerLoad: 1, trainPerTransit: 1 },
+};
+
+/** A whole, valid rule set from a config that may carry none, some, or out-of-range values. */
+export function houseRules(config: { houseRules?: HouseRuleOverrides }): HouseRules {
+  const given = config.houseRules ?? {};
+  const rev = given.revenue ?? {};
+  const clamp = (n: number | undefined, fallback: number): number =>
+    typeof n === 'number' && Number.isFinite(n)
+      ? Math.max(REVENUE_MIN, Math.min(REVENUE_MAX, Math.round(n)))
+      : fallback;
+  const d = DEFAULT_HOUSE_RULES;
+  return {
+    startingHand: given.startingHand ?? d.startingHand,
+    revenue: {
+      passengerPerCoach: clamp(rev.passengerPerCoach, d.revenue.passengerPerCoach),
+      freightPerLoad: clamp(rev.freightPerLoad, d.revenue.freightPerLoad),
+      trainPerTransit: clamp(rev.trainPerTransit, d.revenue.trainPerTransit),
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+/** What the dialog calls each option, in the order it offers them. */
+export const STARTING_HAND_LABELS: readonly { value: StartingHand; label: string }[] = [
+  { value: 'threeRandom', label: 'Three random cards' },
+  { value: 'sixRandom', label: 'Six random cards' },
+  { value: 'threeTrackThreeOther', label: 'Three random track and three random non-track cards' },
+];
 export const MAX_CONSIST = 4;
 export const MOVES_PER_LOCAL_OPS = 6;
 export const MOVES_PER_LOCAL_OPS_NIGHT = 5;
@@ -804,6 +1039,12 @@ export function isOpponentOnly(category: string): boolean {
   return OPPONENT_ONLY_CATEGORIES.includes(category);
 }
 
+/** How many cards `DEFENCE_ONLY_CARDS` accounts for — 7: two Facing Point Locks of each kind, two
+ * Water Columns and one Overpass. */
+export const DEFENCE_ONLY_COPIES =
+  ENHANCEMENT_CARDS.filter((c) => c.answers).reduce((n, c) => n + c.copies, 0) +
+  MAINLINE_MODIFIER_CARDS.filter((c) => c.answers).reduce((n, c) => n + c.copies, 0);
+
 export function deckComposition(): { category: string; count: number }[] {
   const sum = (xs: readonly { copies: number }[]): number => xs.reduce((n, x) => n + x.copies, 0);
   return [
@@ -834,6 +1075,19 @@ export const DECK_SIZE = deckComposition().reduce((n, c) => n + c.count, 0);
  * implemented — `checkPlay` answers both categories NOT_IMPLEMENTED, so dealing them would make ~9%
  * of draws reject. See `buildDeck`.
  */
-export const SOLITAIRE_DECK_SIZE = deckComposition()
-  .filter((c) => !isOpponentOnly(c.category))
-  .reduce((n, c) => n + c.count, 0);
+export const SOLITAIRE_DECK_SIZE =
+  deckComposition()
+    .filter((c) => !isOpponentOnly(c.category))
+    .reduce((n, c) => n + c.count, 0) - DEFENCE_ONLY_COPIES;
+
+/**
+ * Every card held back BECAUSE its attacker is held back — see `SimpleCard.answers`.
+ *
+ * Reported from play: "just like the opponent directed cards are removed from the solitaire game,
+ * remove any of the defensive cards whose only purpose is to answer them. No need to have them in
+ * the deck when they can never be used."
+ */
+export const DEFENCE_ONLY_CARDS: readonly SimpleCard[] = [
+  ...ENHANCEMENT_CARDS.filter((c) => c.answers),
+  ...MAINLINE_MODIFIER_CARDS.filter((c) => c.answers),
+];

src/engine/events.ts

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 import type { CarType, OfficeTier } from './content.ts';
 import type { LocalOpsOption } from './intents.ts';
-import type { CardId, GridCoord, PlayerIndex, RollingStock, TrayId } from './state.ts';
+import type { CardId, GridCoord, PlayerIndex, RollingStock, SeatIndex, TrayId } from './state.ts';
 
 export type GameEvent =
   // -- clock
@@ -43,6 +43,26 @@ export type GameEvent =
        * running forward: the engine meets the cars head-on and takes them on the front.
        */
       toNose: boolean;
+      /**
+       * Cars that STAY on the card the crew pulled out of, when it coupled its own cut.
+       *
+       * A train may set out off both ends on one square, and pulling forward picks up only the cut
+       * at the end it leaves by — the one behind it is still standing there. `from` names the cards
+       * to sweep and every other one is emptied outright, so the start card needs the exception said
+       * explicitly rather than recomputed: the tray has already moved by the time this is reduced,
+       * and `standingWest` went with it.
+       */
+      leaves?: { at: GridCoord; stock: RollingStock[] };
+      /**
+       * The train's OWN cut, lifted back off the square it set it out on.
+       *
+       * Recoupling your own cars on the square you are standing on is UNDOING the drop, not a fresh
+       * pick-up (Jesse's call, of the two the plan put up). Trains 3/4 spend a per-location freight
+       * budget on setting out, so without this a legal-looking drop became silently one-way: the
+       * train could only ever back away from its own cut, never pull forward through it. The budget
+       * is refunded here and not charged again at the far end.
+       */
+      recoupled?: { at: GridCoord; stock: RollingStock[] };
     }
   | { type: 'carsDropped'; trayId: TrayId; at: GridCoord; stock: RollingStock[]; fromNose?: boolean }
   | { type: 'consistSorted'; trayId: TrayId; at: GridCoord; before: RollingStock[]; after: RollingStock[] }
@@ -99,7 +119,15 @@ export type GameEvent =
   | { type: 'trainHeld'; trainNumber: number; reason: string }
   /** A train whose card pays for standing still (X18 Circus) collected on it. */
   | { type: 'trainStoodStill'; trainNumber: number; where: string }
-  | { type: 'trainHighballed'; trainNumber: number; from: string; to: string }
+  /**
+   * `why` is the RULE that let it go now, not a restatement of the move.
+   *
+   * Reported from play: "some trains seem to be moving before I can switch or do other operations on
+   * them." Every departure looked identical in the history, so the one that mattered — an Expedited
+   * train leaving at the end of the Stage it arrived, with no Local Operations turn in between —
+   * read exactly like an ordinary train leaving a Stage later.
+   */
+  | { type: 'trainHighballed'; trainNumber: number; from: string; to: string; why: string }
   /**
    * `expedited` because it changes what the player must do RIGHT NOW. Q3 — an expedited train
    * departs the same Stage it arrives, so there is no Local Operations turn in which to work it;
@@ -107,7 +135,14 @@ export type GameEvent =
    */
   | { type: 'trainArrived'; trainNumber: number; consist: RollingStock[]; office: string; expedited: boolean }
   | { type: 'trainDiverted'; trainNumber: number; to: string; reason: string }
-  | { type: 'trainCompleted'; trainNumber: number; consist: RollingStock[] }
+  /**
+   * The train ran the length of the Division and left it. `side` is the Division Point it left by,
+   * which is what the announcement needs — and every player scores 1 for it, so this event is
+   * always followed by one `revenueChanged` per player.
+   */
+  | { type: 'trainCompleted'; trainNumber: number; isExtra: boolean; side: 'east' | 'west'; consist: RollingStock[] }
+  /** An Extra took a Crew Tray and started its run — at a Division Point, or at a Control Point. */
+  | { type: 'extraStarted'; player: PlayerIndex; trainNumber: number; atSeat: SeatIndex | null }
   | { type: 'carPlacedOnTrain'; player: PlayerIndex; trayId: TrayId; stock: RollingStock }
   | { type: 'carPassed'; player: PlayerIndex; trayId: TrayId }
   | { type: 'dispatchBonusUsed'; key: string; bonus: number; trainNumber: number; againstTrain: number }

src/engine/intents.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
  */
 
 import type { CarType, Direction, Hand, OfficeTier, TrackGeometry } from './content.ts';
-import type { CardId, GridCoord, PlayerIndex, TrayId } from './state.ts';
+import type { CardId, GridCoord, PlayerIndex, SeatIndex, TrayId } from './state.ts';
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Local Operations Phase (§6) — a three-way exclusive choice
@@ -66,6 +66,13 @@ export type Intent =
   // -- New Train Phase (§7)
   | { type: 'newTrain.placeCar'; trayId: TrayId; carType: CarType; loaded: boolean }
   | { type: 'newTrain.passCar'; trayId: TrayId }
+  /**
+   * §7 — "the player who played the card may place the Crew Tray in either division point for
+   * immediate departure", extended by Jesse: an Extra starts at the Division Point its NUMBER sends
+   * it to (odd runs west, even east, exactly as a timetabled train), or at any Control Point — any
+   * Office above a Whistle Post — at the player's choice. `atSeat` null means the Division Point.
+   */
+  | { type: 'newTrain.startExtra'; trainNumber: number; atSeat: SeatIndex | null }
   /** Q9 — run a second, identical section behind a train that is due out this Stage. */
   | { type: 'newTrain.secondSection'; trainNumber: number }
   // -- Mainline Phase (§8.1) — the Superintendent's clearance ruling
@@ -161,7 +168,35 @@ export type RejectionCode =
   | 'NOT_A_GRADE'
   | 'TRAIN_ON_CARD'
   | 'CONSIST_ORDER'
-  | 'NO_TRAIN_AT_OFFICE';
+  | 'NO_TRAIN_AT_OFFICE'
+  /**
+   * WHY PASSENGER WORK WAS REFUSED, told apart.
+   *
+   * All three used to come back as `NO_TRAIN_AT_OFFICE` — said while a train was standing at the
+   * Office, which reads as a broken game rather than a rule. Measured over 60 solitaire games, the
+   * fallback fired 51 times with a coach train in front of the player: 27 with nobody waiting to
+   * travel, 24 with passengers waiting and every coach on the train already full.
+   */
+  /**
+   * §9.3 — a load may only start down the sign when an empty car of THAT type is standing on the
+   * industry's track and is not already promised to another load. Walking cargo onto WORK with
+   * nothing to put it in is "just dropping it onto the tracks".
+   *
+   * STOCKING THE GREEN BOX IS NOT GATED ON IT. §6.3 lets the Freight Agent stage a load whenever
+   * the Division Yard has the car and the box has room; the empty car only has to be there before
+   * the Laborers can move it out of the box.
+   */
+  | 'NO_EMPTY_CAR_SPOTTED'
+  | 'NO_PORTERS_HERE'
+  | 'NO_PASSENGERS_WAITING'
+  | 'NO_EMPTY_COACH'
+  | 'NO_LOADED_COACH'
+  | 'INBOUND_BOX_FULL'
+  | 'NO_EMPTY_COACH_IN_YARD'
+  | 'NOT_A_CONTROL_POINT'
+  | 'NO_EXTRA_PENDING'
+  | 'NO_FREE_TRAY'
+  | 'NO_FREE_AD_TRACK';
 
 export type Rejection = { code: RejectionCode; message: string };
 

src/engine/legal.ts

@@ -229,6 +229,17 @@ function newTrainCandidates(s: GameState): Intent[] {
   if (due !== null && due !== undefined) {
     out.push({ type: 'newTrain.secondSection', trainNumber: due });
   }
+  /**
+   * Where a pending Extra starts: its own Division Point, decided by its number, or any Control
+   * Point. `check` refuses a Whistle Post and a full Office, so every seat is offered and the rules
+   * do the filtering — one implementation of "is this a Control Point", not two.
+   */
+  for (const trainNumber of s.pendingExtras) {
+    out.push({ type: 'newTrain.startExtra', trainNumber, atSeat: null });
+    for (const seat of s.officeAreas.keys()) {
+      out.push({ type: 'newTrain.startExtra', trainNumber, atSeat: seat });
+    }
+  }
   return out;
 }
 

src/engine/setup.ts

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ import {
   MOVES_PER_LOCAL_OPS,
   MODIFIER_PROFILES,
   OFFICE_PROFILES,
-  OPENING_OTHER,
-  OPENING_TRACK,
+  OPENING_DEALS,
   MAINLINE_PROFILES,
+  houseRules,
   mainlineProfile,
   TRACK_CARDS,
   ROLLING_STOCK_SUPPLY,
@@ -60,8 +60,9 @@ export function buildDeck(mode: GameConfig['mode'] = 'competitive'): Card[] {
    * Q6 took them out of solitaire because they have no legal target in a one-player game. They are
    * out of the competitive deck too because `checkPlay` answers both categories `NOT_IMPLEMENTED`:
    * leaving them in would make ~9% of draws reject outright, which is worse than not dealing them.
-   * Three Enhancements — Facing Point Locks, Water Column and Overpass — exist only to answer these,
-   * and stay dormant until they come back. Recorded in TODO.md as multiplayer work.
+   *
+   * AND SO ARE THE SEVEN CARDS THAT ANSWER THEM — see below. They used to be dealt and sit dormant,
+   * which is the same dead draw by another name. Recorded in TODO.md as multiplayer work.
    *
    * `mode` is still taken so the signature does not move when they return; it is deliberately unused
    * for these two categories today.
@@ -90,10 +91,22 @@ export function buildDeck(mode: GameConfig['mode'] = 'competitive'): Card[] {
       for (let i = 0; i < c.copies; i++) push({ kind: 'spaceUse', key: c.key });
     }
   }
+  /**
+   * A DEFENCE GOES OUT WITH THE ATTACK IT ANSWERS.
+   *
+   * Facing Point Locks (both kinds), the Water Column and the Overpass exist only to answer Derail,
+   * a Watertower and a Railroad Crossing — all of which are among the 22 opponent-directed cards
+   * held out above. Left in, they are dead draws for exactly the same reason the attacks would be,
+   * and there are 7 of them. `SimpleCard.answers` names the pairing on the card itself, so they come
+   * back together the moment `opponentCardsInDeck` does.
+   */
+  const dealt = (c: { answers?: string }): boolean => opponentCardsInDeck || !c.answers;
   for (const c of ENHANCEMENT_CARDS) {
+    if (!dealt(c)) continue;
     for (let i = 0; i < c.copies; i++) push({ kind: 'enhancement', key: c.key });
   }
   for (const c of MAINLINE_MODIFIER_CARDS) {
+    if (!dealt(c)) continue;
     for (let i = 0; i < c.copies; i++) push({ kind: 'mainlineModifier', key: c.key });
   }
   for (const c of MANEUVER_CARDS) {
@@ -191,7 +204,7 @@ function buildPassengerFacility(tier: Parameters<typeof officeProfile>[0]): NonN
     // WORK sign is printed "For Freight Facilities" (rules-v0.2.md:452). This was a three-slot array
     // of nulls, which read as "three empty boxes" to every renderer that looked.
     menAtWork: null,
-    industryTrack: { length: 0, cars: [] },
+    industryTrack: { cars: [] },
     laborers: 0,
     porters: p.porters,
     usedThisStage: { laborers: 0, porters: 0 },
@@ -287,53 +300,59 @@ export function createGame(opts: SetupOptions): GameState {
     .sort((a, b) => divisionRolls[a]! - divisionRolls[b]! || b - a);
 
   /**
-   * §4.6-4.7 — THE OPENING DEAL, dealt from two piles rather than one.
+   * §4.6-4.7 — THE OPENING DEAL, in whichever of the three shapes this game was dealt with.
    *
-   * Track is shuffled SEPARATELY from everything else and each player is dealt **3 track cards and 3
-   * other cards**; the track left over is then shuffled back in and the game runs off one deck as
-   * before. The player opens holding six against a limit of three, so the first turn is spent
+   * `threeRandom` and `sixRandom` deal off ONE shuffled deck; `threeTrackThreeOther` shuffles track
+   * separately and deals three of each, then shuffles the remainder back together so the game runs
+   * off one deck from the first draw onward either way. `content.ts` says what each option is for.
+   *
+   * A player dealt six holds six against a limit of three, on purpose: the first turn is spent
    * choosing what to keep — draw as usual, then play or discard down to three (§6.2, enforced on
-   * `draw.end`, which needs no special case for this).
+   * `draw.end`, which needs no special case for this). A player dealt three is already at the limit.
    *
-   * WHY. A run-around needs five specific pieces in a usable order, and the bot held a turnout and a
-   * matching-hand curve together on **0.2% of turns** — about once every eight games. Measured five
-   * ways, that is a SUPPLY problem and not a bot weakness: 91 run-arounds per 100 games when track
-   * was a private 26-piece supply the player chose from, 29 per 100 once it was drawn, 4 per 60 with
-   * track in the deck. Dealing the opening district as track restores something close to the
-   * prototype's private supply without reintroducing an unbounded one, and makes the opening a
-   * decision rather than a wait.
-   *
-   * PROVISIONAL — flagged for review once it has been played. See `TODO.md`.
+   * §4.7 — "starting from the Superintendent, deal each player…", which proceeds round the table and
+   * is therefore SEAT order, not player order. That is the same in all three shapes.
    */
+  const rules = houseRules(config);
+  const deal = OPENING_DEALS[rules.startingHand];
   const deck = buildDeck(config.mode);
   const cards = new Map<CardId, Card>();
   for (const c of deck) cards.set(c.id, c);
 
   const isTrack = (id: CardId): boolean => cards.get(id)?.kind.kind === 'track';
   const ids = deck.map((c) => c.id);
-  // Shuffled in a fixed order — track first — so the RNG stream is deterministic for a given seed.
-  const trackPile = rng.shuffle(ids.filter(isTrack));
-  const otherPile = rng.shuffle(ids.filter((id) => !isTrack(id)));
-
-  const hands = new Map<PlayerIndex, CardId[]>();
-  let trackCursor = 0;
-  let otherCursor = 0;
-  // §4.7 — "starting from the Superintendent, deal each player…", which proceeds round the table
-  // and is therefore seat order, not player order.
   const superSeat = seating.indexOf(superintendent);
-  for (let i = 0; i < playerCount; i++) {
-    const p = seating[(superSeat + i) % playerCount]!;
-    hands.set(p, [
-      ...trackPile.slice(trackCursor, trackCursor + OPENING_TRACK),
-      ...otherPile.slice(otherCursor, otherCursor + OPENING_OTHER),
-    ]);
-    trackCursor += OPENING_TRACK;
-    otherCursor += OPENING_OTHER;
-  }
+  const hands = new Map<PlayerIndex, CardId[]>();
+  const dealtTo = (i: number): PlayerIndex => seating[(superSeat + i) % playerCount]!;
 
-  // The remainder goes back into ONE deck for the rest of the game — the split is an opening-deal
-  // device only, so track competes for the draw exactly as before from the first draw onward.
-  const shuffled = rng.shuffle([...trackPile.slice(trackCursor), ...otherPile.slice(otherCursor)]);
+  let shuffled: CardId[];
+  if (deal.any > 0) {
+    // One deck, one shuffle, the top cards off it — the prototype's own deal.
+    const single = rng.shuffle(ids);
+    let cut = 0;
+    for (let i = 0; i < playerCount; i++) {
+      hands.set(dealtTo(i), single.slice(cut, cut + deal.any));
+      cut += deal.any;
+    }
+    shuffled = single.slice(cut);
+  } else {
+    // Shuffled in a fixed order — track first — so the RNG stream is deterministic for a given seed.
+    const trackPile = rng.shuffle(ids.filter(isTrack));
+    const otherPile = rng.shuffle(ids.filter((id) => !isTrack(id)));
+    let trackCursor = 0;
+    let otherCursor = 0;
+    for (let i = 0; i < playerCount; i++) {
+      hands.set(dealtTo(i), [
+        ...trackPile.slice(trackCursor, trackCursor + deal.track),
+        ...otherPile.slice(otherCursor, otherCursor + deal.other),
+      ]);
+      trackCursor += deal.track;
+      otherCursor += deal.other;
+    }
+    // The remainder goes back into ONE deck for the rest of the game — the split is an opening-deal
+    // device only, so track competes for the draw exactly as before from the first draw onward.
+    shuffled = rng.shuffle([...trackPile.slice(trackCursor), ...otherPile.slice(otherCursor)]);
+  }
 
   // §4.6-4.7 — three cards turned face up beside the deck. Each is the bottom of a Department pile
   // that grows as players discard onto it. Taken after the recombination, so a Department slot can

src/engine/state.ts

@@ -13,11 +13,12 @@ import type {
   MainlineKind,
   FreightKind,
   GameLength,
+  HouseRuleOverrides,
   ModifierKind,
   OfficeTier,
   TrackGeometry,
 } from './content.ts';
-import { officeProfile } from './content.ts';
+import { MAX_CONSIST, officeProfile } from './content.ts';
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Identifiers
@@ -118,7 +119,26 @@ export type TrackCard = {
    * Operational Rail (§9.3). Use isOperationalRail() rather than reading a stored flag.
    */
   baseOperationalRail: boolean;
-  /** Uncoupled cars left here, in track order (§A.3). */
+  /**
+   * Uncoupled cars left standing here, **ordered WEST to EAST** (§A.3).
+   *
+   * §A.3 states the requirement outright: "cars are loaded into and unloaded from the Crew Tray, and
+   * occupy the track, in the same order they originally held, **left-to-right**". Left-to-right is
+   * west-to-east, and this array had no defined orientation at all — the doc comment said "in track
+   * order" and named no direction, so nothing performed the conversion.
+   *
+   * That is one bug wearing three faces, all reported from play. Setting out four cars at once
+   * parked them in a different order than setting out one car four times, because `carsDropped`
+   * always pushed onto the end. A train that ran onto a parked cut got the SAME consist whichever
+   * way it approached, when the two must mirror. And the board drew the tray strip flipped for an
+   * east-facing train and the card's cars unflipped, so the same cut read one way in the tray and
+   * the other on the card.
+   *
+   * WEST-TO-EAST IS THE BOARD'S ORIENTATION, not the train's, which is exactly why it is the right
+   * one: it is a property of the card, so it does not change when a different train touches it. The
+   * two conversions are stated once, in `apply.ts`'s `carsDropped` and `carsCoupled` reducers, and
+   * `CrewTray.standingWest` records where a train standing here sits among them.
+   */
   standing: RollingStock[];
   facility: Facility | null;
   modifiers: ModifierKind[];
@@ -178,8 +198,19 @@ export type Facility = {
    * reported from playtesting. Typing it away means a fourth renderer cannot reintroduce the bug.
    */
   menAtWork: [Load | null, Load | null, Load | null] | null;
-  /** Where cars are spotted for loading and unloading. */
-  industryTrack: { length: number; cars: RollingStock[] };
+  /**
+   * Where cars are spotted for loading and unloading.
+   *
+   * NO LENGTH. This used to carry `length: baseOut + baseIn`, which quietly made an industry's
+   * SIDING as long as its box count — so a Mine Tipple (one green box) had room for exactly one
+   * car, and a crew standing on it with two hoppers to set out could only put down one. Reported
+   * from play at undo 188. The box count is how much WORK an industry can hold, not how much RAIL
+   * it has; conflating the two invented a printed siding that no industry card actually has.
+   *
+   * An industry track is ordinary Operating Rail and holds what any card holds — see `spaceOn`.
+   * Modifiers raise `capacity` (another red or green box) and never the room for cars.
+   */
+  industryTrack: { cars: RollingStock[] };
   laborers: number;
   porters: number;
   /** Resets at the start of each Stage (§9.1). */
@@ -191,25 +222,35 @@ export type Facility = {
  * Operational Rail status. This is why isOperationalRail is a function, not a stored field.
  */
 /**
- * The cars physically standing on a card.
+ * The cars physically standing on a card, **ordered WEST to EAST**.
  *
  * On a Facility card the industry track IS where cars stand — spotting a car there and leaving a
  * car there are the same act (§9.3). Modelling them as two separate places was a bug: cars dropped
  * at a facility went into `standing`, while loading looked for them on `industryTrack`, so no
  * freight load could ever complete and freight revenue was structurally zero.
+ *
+ * THE ORIENTATION IS THE BOARD'S, NOT THE TRAIN'S, and it is `standing`'s alone to keep — see the
+ * comment on that field. `industryTrack.cars` inherits it through this function, so every reader of
+ * either place gets the same convention and the two can never drift apart.
  */
 export function carsOn(card: TrackCard): RollingStock[] {
-  return card.facility && card.facility.industryTrack.length > 0
-    ? card.facility.industryTrack.cars
-    : card.standing;
+  // Gated on the facility being FREIGHT, not on a track length that no longer exists. A Passenger
+  // Facility has no industry track at all — passengers board off the platform — so cars left on a
+  // Depot stand on the card like they would anywhere else.
+  return card.facility && card.facility.kind === 'freight' ? card.facility.industryTrack.cars : card.standing;
 }
 
-/** How many more cars this card can hold. Ordinary track is unbounded; an industry track is not. */
+/**
+ * How many more cars this card can hold.
+ *
+ * ONE RULE FOR EVERY OPERATING TRACK CARD, industry or not: a card holds up to `MAX_CONSIST` cars,
+ * because a consist may not exceed four and four is therefore all that can ever be shoved onto one.
+ * An industry used to be the exception — its room came from its box count, so a one-box industry
+ * refused a second car — and that exception was the bug. Ordinary track used to be the other
+ * exception, unbounded, which let a pile build up that no train could then legally couple.
+ */
 export function spaceOn(card: TrackCard): number {
-  if (card.facility && card.facility.industryTrack.length > 0) {
-    return card.facility.industryTrack.length - card.facility.industryTrack.cars.length;
-  }
-  return Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
+  return MAX_CONSIST - carsOn(card).length;
 }
 
 export function isOperationalRail(card: TrackCard): boolean {
@@ -282,6 +323,47 @@ export type CrewTray = {
    * without one falls back to `direction`.
    */
   facing?: 'n' | 's' | 'e' | 'w';
+  /**
+   * WHICH WAY THE ENGINE POINTS IN RAILROAD TERMS — east or west, and never anything else.
+   *
+   * `facing` is a PORT, because movement needs one: a crew on a north-south spur must be able to
+   * leave by 'n' or 's'. But a Division runs east and west, and a player reads a train the way a
+   * railroader does — "the engine is on the west end" — so a ▲ on a crew that had turned onto a
+   * spur read as a train that had somehow stood itself on end. Worse, nothing resets `facing` when
+   * a train leaves the district, so a crew that shunted onto a north-south spur and then departed
+   * carried its 'n' out onto the Division map and drew ▲ there too.
+   *
+   * So this is the DISPLAY facing, and it is a separate field because it cannot be derived: on
+   * north-south track the east-west sense is not in the current port, it is in the last one. It
+   * holds its value across north-south track and updates whenever `facing` becomes 'e' or 'w' —
+   * which is exactly the railroad's own convention, where compass north on a branch is still
+   * timetable east. A train that runs forward through 180° of curves genuinely does come out
+   * pointing the other way, and this follows it; backing up does not change it, because a train
+   * that backs up has not turned around.
+   *
+   * NOT `direction`: that is the timetable direction of the RUN and does not move when a run-around
+   * puts the engine on the other end, which is the one thing the arrow exists to show.
+   */
+  railFacing?: 'e' | 'w';
+  /**
+   * HOW MANY OF THIS CARD'S STANDING CARS LIE WEST OF THIS TRAIN.
+   *
+   * `carsOn(card)` runs west to east and a train standing on the card sits somewhere IN that row:
+   * cars `[0, standingWest)` are west of the engine, cars `[standingWest, end)` are east of it. A
+   * train can set out off both ends on the same square — §A.3 lets a cut come off either outer end —
+   * so "which side is this cut on" is not recoverable from the array alone, and it is the question
+   * every remaining rule asks.
+   *
+   * It answers all three: which cars are AHEAD of the engine and which BEHIND (combine with
+   * `railFacing`), which cut a departing train must couple back up (the one at the end it leaves
+   * by), and which side of the chip the renderer draws the cut on.
+   *
+   * Kept on the TRAY rather than the card because it describes a relationship, not the card: with no
+   * train standing there, a card's cars are simply a cut with no near or far side, and the next
+   * train to arrive couples all of them regardless. Reset to 0 on every move, which is sound because
+   * coupling is mandatory — a train arrives on a card it has just emptied.
+   */
+  standingWest?: number;
   position: NodeRef;
   movesUsed: number;
   /**
@@ -300,6 +382,12 @@ export type CrewTray = {
    * once, so there is no later visit to hang it on.
    */
   speechMade?: boolean;
+  /**
+   * Arrived expedited this Stage, so it departs at the END of the Stage rather than laying over to
+   * the next one (Q3). Set on arrival; cleared when `shiftChange` attempts the departure — after
+   * Load/Unload, which is what gives the Porters their one Stage with the train.
+   */
+  departsThisStage?: boolean;
 };
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -462,6 +550,14 @@ export type GameConfig = {
     employeeRotation: boolean;
     emergencyToolbox: boolean;
   };
+  /**
+   * The opening deal and the three revenue rates, chosen when the game is dealt (`content.ts`).
+   *
+   * Optional and PARTIAL on purpose. Every caller that does not care about them — and most of the
+   * engine tests do not — gets `DEFAULT_HOUSE_RULES` through `houseRules()`, which is the one place
+   * a default is written down. A caller that cares names only the dials it is setting.
+   */
+  houseRules?: HouseRuleOverrides;
 };
 
 export type OutcomeReason =
@@ -518,6 +614,69 @@ export function freshTurns(players: number, moves: number): Map<PlayerIndex, Tur
   return turns;
 }
 
+/**
+ * WHICH WAY TO DRAW THE ENGINE — east or west, for every train, everywhere.
+ *
+ * The single place the display facing is decided, so the Division map, the Office cards and the
+ * tooltips can never disagree about which end of a train the engine is on. Three sources, in the
+ * order they can be trusted: the carried east-west sense; the current port, when it happens to be
+ * an east-west one (a tray placed straight onto the board has no history yet); and failing both,
+ * the direction of the run.
+ */
+export function railFacingOf(tray: Pick<CrewTray, 'railFacing' | 'facing' | 'direction'>): 'e' | 'w' {
+  if (tray.railFacing) return tray.railFacing;
+  if (tray.facing === 'e' || tray.facing === 'w') return tray.facing;
+  return tray.direction === 'west' ? 'w' : 'e';
+}
+
+/**
+ * THE ONE CONVERSION BETWEEN A TRAY AND A TRACK, stated once and used by both directions.
+ *
+ * `consist` is ordered NOSE FIRST and the nose points `facing`; `standing` is ordered WEST TO EAST.
+ * So for an east-facing train the tray reads east-to-west and has to be reversed to go onto the
+ * card; for a west-facing train it already reads west-to-east and goes on as it stands.
+ *
+ * It is its own inverse, which is why lifting cars off a card uses the same function.
+ */
+export function trackOrder(cut: readonly RollingStock[], facing: 'e' | 'w'): RollingStock[] {
+  return facing === 'e' ? [...cut].reverse() : [...cut];
+}
+
+/**
+ * The cars standing west and east of a train, split at `standingWest`.
+ *
+ * Clamped rather than trusted: a tray that has never dropped anything carries no `standingWest` at
+ * all, and a saved game from before this field existed carries none either — both read as 0, which
+ * puts every car on the card east of the engine. That is the same answer the engine gave before the
+ * split existed, so an old save degrades to the old behaviour instead of throwing.
+ */
+export function standingSides(
+  tray: { standingWest?: number | undefined },
+  cars: readonly RollingStock[],
+): { west: RollingStock[]; east: RollingStock[] } {
+  const k = Math.max(0, Math.min(cars.length, tray.standingWest ?? 0));
+  return { west: cars.slice(0, k), east: cars.slice(k) };
+}
+
+/**
+ * The cut a train would run into if it left this card through `exit` — the cars between it and that
+ * end of the card.
+ *
+ * Only 'e' and 'w' can hold a cut: the array is a west-to-east row, so a train leaving north or
+ * south off a curve or a spur is not running along it and meets nothing. Returned in the order the
+ * train MEETS them, nearest first, which is what `carsCoupled` wants.
+ */
+export function cutTowards(
+  tray: { standingWest?: number | undefined },
+  cars: readonly RollingStock[],
+  exit: 'n' | 's' | 'e' | 'w',
+): RollingStock[] {
+  const { west, east } = standingSides(tray, cars);
+  if (exit === 'e') return east;
+  if (exit === 'w') return [...west].reverse();
+  return [];
+}
+
 export function turnOf(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex): TurnState {
   const t = s.turns.get(player);
   if (!t) throw new Error(`no turn state for player ${player}`);

src/engine/track.ts

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ import type {
   TrackArc,
   TurnoutOrientation,
 } from './state.ts';
-import { carsOn, coordKey, isLockedByWork, isOperationalRail, spaceOn } from './state.ts';
+import { carsOn, coordKey, cutTowards, isLockedByWork, isOperationalRail, spaceOn } from './state.ts';
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Ports and geometry
@@ -316,6 +316,15 @@ export type MoveContext = {
   consistSize: number;
   /** The tray making the move, so it does not block itself. */
   self: TrayId;
+  /**
+   * How many cars on the START card stand west of this train (`CrewTray.standingWest`).
+   *
+   * The walk begins at `neighbour(start, initialExit)` and never looked at the start card at all, so
+   * a train drove straight through the cut it had just set out — in both directions, and without
+   * counting it against the four-car limit. Coupling is mandatory (§A.4) and a cut on your own
+   * square is no exception: pulling out through the end it sits at picks it up again.
+   */
+  standingWest?: number;
 };
 
 function cardAt(area: OfficeArea, c: GridCoord): TrackCard | undefined {
@@ -406,8 +415,20 @@ export function exploreMoves(
     if (firstCard) block(first, 'noJoin', 'the rails do not meet — two cards touching is not a join, and on a north or south edge both 45° legs must lie on the same diagonal');
     return { destinations: results, blocked };
   }
+  /**
+   * THE CUT ON YOUR OWN CARD, which the walk used to ignore entirely.
+   *
+   * Reported from play: "if I put cars off the nose on a given track, and my next move is go
+   * forward, I need to couple those cars right back on". Exactly so — and the engine let the train
+   * drive away and leave them. `cutTowards` takes only the cars between the engine and the end it is
+   * leaving by, so setting out off the nose and then BACKING away is still free, which is the whole
+   * point of setting out off one particular end.
+   *
+   * Ordered nearest-first like every other card's, so it simply seeds the accumulator.
+   */
+  const ownCut = cutTowards({ standingWest: ctx.standingWest }, carsOn(startCard), initialExit);
   const queue: Frontier[] = [
-    { coord: first, entry: opposite(initialExit), path: [], couples: [] },
+    { coord: first, entry: opposite(initialExit), path: [], couples: ownCut },
   ];
 
   while (queue.length > 0) {
@@ -443,14 +464,27 @@ export function exploreMoves(
       continue;
     }
 
-    // Mandatory coupling. Rejecting rather than truncating is deliberate: a move that would
-    // overfill the tray is illegal, not a move that picks up fewer cars.
-    const couples = [...node.couples, ...carsOn(card)];
+    /**
+     * Mandatory coupling. Rejecting rather than truncating is deliberate: a move that would
+     * overfill the tray is illegal, not a move that picks up fewer cars.
+     *
+     * NEAREST FIRST ALONG THE DIRECTION OF TRAVEL. `carsOn` runs west to east, so a train entering
+     * through the card's EAST port meets them back to front and the row has to be reversed. Without
+     * this the same parked cut produced an identical consist whichever way it was approached, when
+     * the two must mirror — which is the difference between a run-around being worth a Move and
+     * being pointless.
+     */
+    const met = node.entry === 'e' ? [...carsOn(card)].reverse() : carsOn(card);
+    const couples = [...node.couples, ...met];
     if (ctx.consistSize + couples.length > MAX_CONSIST) {
+      const own =
+        ownCut.length > 0
+          ? `, ${ownCut.length} of them the cut standing at the end of your OWN card that this move pulls out through`
+          : '';
       block(
         node.coord,
         'tooManyCars',
-        `too many cars — running here couples ${couples.length} standing car(s) onto a train already holding ${ctx.consistSize}, and ${MAX_CONSIST} is the limit. Coupling is mandatory: you may not run past a car and leave it (§A.4)`,
+        `too many cars — running here couples ${couples.length} standing car(s)${own} onto a train already holding ${ctx.consistSize}, and ${MAX_CONSIST} is the limit. Coupling is mandatory: you may not run past a car and leave it (§A.4)`,
       );
       continue;
     }

src/sim/board-svg.ts

@@ -77,7 +77,10 @@ export function divisionSvg(nodes: DivisionView[]): string {
       /** Nose first, no engine — drawn as blocks, loaded solid and empty hollow. */
       cars?: string[];
       engineAt?: number;
-      facing?: string;
+      /** East or west, always — a Division runs east and west and so does its rolling stock. */
+      facing?: 'e' | 'w';
+      /** The train's printed card, so a train out on the Mainline can still be asked what it is. */
+      what?: string;
       region?: number;
       direction?: string;
       stagesLeft?: number;
@@ -148,7 +151,10 @@ export function divisionSvg(nodes: DivisionView[]): string {
       cap: n.capacity,
       tip: dp
         ? 'A Division Point — the end of the line. Trains both enter and leave the Division here (odd numbers run west, even run east), and queue without limit'
-        : `${n.label} — Mainline${n.gradeUp ? `, climbs ${n.gradeUp === 'east' ? 'east' : 'west'}` : ''}${n.modifiers.length ? ` · ${n.modifiers.join(' · ')}` : ''}`,
+        : `${n.label} — Mainline${n.gradeUp ? `, climbs ${n.gradeUp === 'east' ? 'east' : 'west'}` : ''}${n.modifiers.length ? ` · ${n.modifiers.join(' · ')}` : ''}` +
+          // What the card actually DOES. The name alone left Hilly and Uncontrolled Siding as
+          // words with no gameplay attached — reported exactly that way.
+          (n.what ? `\n\n${n.what}` : ''),
       seat: null,
       // A Division Point is one region — the queue trains enter and leave the Division through.
       regions: dp ? 1 : (n.regions ?? 0),
@@ -291,7 +297,7 @@ export function divisionSvg(nodes: DivisionView[]): string {
      */
     c.trains.forEach((t, k) => {
       const cars = t.cars ?? [];
-      const arrow = t.facing === 'w' ? '\u25c0' : t.facing === 'e' ? '\u25b6' : t.facing === 'n' ? '\u25b2' : '\u25bc';
+      const arrow = t.facing === 'w' ? '\u25c0' : '\u25b6';
       const loaded = cars.filter((x) => /^loaded/.test(x) || /caboose/.test(x)).length;
       const label = cars.length === 0 ? `${t.label} ${arrow}` : `${t.label} ${arrow}${cars.length}`;
 
@@ -310,7 +316,11 @@ export function divisionSvg(nodes: DivisionView[]): string {
           : '';
       out += `<g class="bs-train" data-tip="${esc(t.label)} \u2014 carrying ${esc(cars.join(', ') || 'no cars')}${
         cars.length ? ` (${loaded} loaded)` : ''
-      }${inRegion ? ` \u00b7 region ${(t.region ?? 0) + 1} of ${c.regions}${dir}` : ''}${esc(stages)}">` +
+      }${inRegion ? ` \u00b7 region ${(t.region ?? 0) + 1} of ${c.regions}${dir}` : ''}${esc(stages)}${
+        // What the card prints. A train on the Mainline is exactly where "why did that leave without
+        // me?" gets asked, and EXPEDITED is the answer more often than not.
+        t.what ? `\n\n${esc(t.what)}` : ''
+      }">` +
         `<rect x="${tx - w / 2}" y="${c.y + 22}" width="${w}" height="19" rx="3"/>` +
         `<text class="bs-tlab" x="${tx}" y="${c.y + 35}" text-anchor="middle">${esc(label)}</text>`;
       out += '</g>';
@@ -556,7 +566,7 @@ export function officeSvg(
         }
       }
       // MEN | AT | WORK — one physical sign, worked left to right loading and right to left
-      // unloading. The spotted car sits past WORK, on the siding drawn below.
+      // unloading. The spotted car sits past WORK, standing on the card itself.
       for (let i = 0; i < f.maw.length; i++) {
         out += box(bx, by, f.maw[i] !== null, 'bs-maw', ['M', 'A', 'W'][i]);
         bx += cellW + 2;
@@ -616,21 +626,45 @@ export function officeSvg(
       }
     }
 
-    // Standing room, drawn as the printed squares: filled means occupied.
-    //
-    // `Math.max(1, …)` applies only to an industry, whose track is at least one car long. A Passenger
-    // Facility has NO industry track — passengers board straight off the platform — so a Depot was
-    // being drawn a siding slot it cannot spot a car on.
-    const spots = cell.facility
-      ? cell.facility.kind === 'passenger'
-        ? cell.facility.trackCap
-        : Math.max(1, cell.facility.trackCap)
-      : cell.cars.length;
-    for (let i = 0; i < Math.min(spots, 4); i++) {
-      const filled = i < cell.cars.length;
-      const carTip = filled
-        ? `${cell.cars[i]} standing here`
-        : 'an empty space on this track — a car may be spotted here';
+    /**
+     * THE CARS STANDING HERE — NO PRINTED SIDING BEHIND THEM.
+     *
+     * An industry card used to draw one empty square per unit of its capacity, which read as a
+     * siding of a particular length printed on the card. No industry card prints one. Worse, the
+     * length came from the box count, so a one-box industry drew a single square and looked like it
+     * could only ever hold one car — which is exactly what the engine was wrongly enforcing.
+     *
+     * Every card, industry or not, now draws what is actually standing on it and nothing more. Four
+     * is the ceiling everywhere (`MAX_CONSIST`), so the row cannot overflow the card.
+     *
+     * The 4 is written out rather than imported: this function's SOURCE is serialized into the
+     * standalone replay page, where module imports are not in scope. Referencing the constant threw
+     * `MAX_CONSIST is not defined` in the rendered HTML while typechecking perfectly here.
+     */
+    /**
+     * WHICH SIDE OF THE ENGINE THE CUT IS ON.
+     *
+     * Reported from play: "right after dropping my cars I need to be able to see if those cars are
+     * ahead or behind the train." They were drawn as one strip starting at the left edge whether a
+     * train was on the card or not, so the picture could not say.
+     *
+     * `cars` runs WEST TO EAST and `standingWest` is how many of them are west of the train, so the
+     * row is split there: the west cars stay left-aligned, the east cars are pushed over to the
+     * right-hand end, and the gap between them is where the engine is standing. Whether that gap
+     * means "ahead" or "behind" is the engine's facing, which the tooltip says in words rather than
+     * leaving the player to work out from the compass.
+     */
+    const split = cell.train ? Math.max(0, Math.min(cell.cars.length, cell.standingWest ?? 0)) : 0;
+    const shown = Math.min(cell.cars.length, 4);
+    for (let i = 0; i < shown; i++) {
+      // With no train on the card there is no gap to leave, so the whole cut stays left-aligned.
+      const westOfEngine = cell.train ? i < split : true;
+      const side = !cell.train
+        ? 'standing here'
+        : (cell.train.facing === 'e') === westOfEngine
+          ? 'standing BEHIND the engine — it would couple onto the tail backing up'
+          : 'standing AHEAD of the engine — it would couple onto the nose pulling forward';
+      const carTip = `${cell.cars[i]} ${side}`;
       /**
        * WHICH CAR IS STANDING HERE, not just that one is.
        *
@@ -659,7 +693,7 @@ export function officeSvg(
       // A caboose is never "loaded" in the freight sense (carLabel says so), so it is drawn solid:
       // it is a car that is doing its job, not an empty waiting for one.
       const loaded = /^loaded/.test(car) || /caboose/.test(car);
-      const cls = filled ? ` bs-occ bs-car-${type}${loaded ? ' bs-loaded' : ' bs-mt'}` : '';
+      const cls = ` bs-occ bs-car-${type}${loaded ? ' bs-loaded' : ' bs-mt'}`;
       /**
        * LOADED OR EMPTY, TOLD THE SAME WAY THE TRAY TELLS IT.
        *
@@ -671,10 +705,11 @@ export function officeSvg(
        * Now the card matches the tray — solid face for loaded, hollow for empty — and every slot
        * carries the car's own words as a tooltip, so "loaded hopper" is one hover away.
        */
-      out += `<rect class="bs-slot${cls}" x="${8 + i * 30}" y="${H - 26}" width="26" height="15" rx="2" data-tip="${esc(carTip)}"/>`;
-      if (filled) {
-        out += `<text class="bs-carlab${loaded ? ' bs-lab-ld' : ''}" x="${21 + i * 30}" y="${H - 15}" text-anchor="middle" data-tip="${esc(carTip)}">${esc(type)}</text>`;
-      }
+      // West cars run rightwards from the left edge; east cars run leftwards from the right edge, so
+      // the engine's place in the row is the gap left between them.
+      const sx = westOfEngine ? 8 + i * 30 : W - 34 - (shown - 1 - i) * 30;
+      out += `<rect class="bs-slot${cls}" x="${sx}" y="${H - 26}" width="26" height="15" rx="2" data-tip="${esc(carTip)}"/>`;
+      out += `<text class="bs-carlab${loaded ? ' bs-lab-ld' : ''}" x="${sx + 13}" y="${H - 15}" text-anchor="middle" data-tip="${esc(carTip)}">${esc(type)}</text>`;
     }
 
     if (cell.enhancements.length > 0) {
@@ -704,7 +739,7 @@ export function officeSvg(
         kind: /^loaded/.test(c) || /caboose/.test(c) ? 'ld' : 'mt',
         what: c,
       }));
-      const arrow = t.facing === 'w' ? '\u25c0' : t.facing === 'e' ? '\u25b6' : t.facing === 'n' ? '\u25b2' : '\u25bc';
+      const arrow = t.facing === 'w' ? '\u25c0' : '\u25b6';
       items.splice(t.engineAt, 0, { label: arrow, kind: 'eng', what: 'the engine' });
       /**
        * WEST ON THE LEFT, AND THE NOSE POINTING THE WAY THE ENGINE FACES.
@@ -715,15 +750,19 @@ export function officeSvg(
        * drawn engine-first at the WEST end, which reads as an engine shoving four cars ahead of it.
        *
        * The board is a map, so the drawing has to obey the map: reverse the seating order for an
-       * east-facing train and its nose lands at the east end, where it is. A crew on a north-south
-       * spur has no left or right to be right about, so it keeps nose-left and its \u25b2/\u25bc says the rest.
+       * east-facing train and its nose lands at the east end, where it is.
+       *
+       * A crew on a north-south spur is drawn east-west like every other train, because `facing` is
+       * now always east or west (`railFacingOf`). It used to keep its compass port and draw \u25b2 or \u25bc
+       * with the consist pinned nose-left, which meant the one thing the picture is for \u2014 which end
+       * the engine is on \u2014 flipped its convention the moment a crew turned a corner. Playtested and
+       * reported as more confusing than a strip drawn the same way every time.
        */
       const laid = t.facing === 'e' ? [...items].reverse() : items;
       const cw = 17;
       const tw = Math.min(W - 8, laid.length * cw + 30);
       const tx = W / 2 - tw / 2;
-      const facingWord =
-        t.facing === 'e' ? 'east' : t.facing === 'w' ? 'west' : t.facing === 'n' ? 'north' : 'south';
+      const facingWord = t.facing === 'e' ? 'east' : 'west';
       const consistWords = t.cars.length === 0 ? 'no cars' : t.cars.join(', ');
       out += `<g class="bs-crew" data-tip="${esc(
         `${t.label} — engine pointing ${facingWord}, carrying ${consistWords}` + (t.what ? `\n\n${t.what}` : ''),

src/sim/bot.ts

@@ -19,9 +19,17 @@
  *      complete at all.
  */
 
-import { applyIntent, areaOf, canAdvanceLoad, destinationsFor, facilityCarTypes, laborersLeft } from '../engine/apply.ts';
+import {
+  applyIntent,
+  areaOf,
+  canAdvanceLoad,
+  destinationsFor,
+  facilityCarTypes,
+  laborersLeft,
+  ownCutFor,
+} from '../engine/apply.ts';
 import { MAX_CONSIST, nextOfficeTier, officeProfile } from '../engine/content.ts';
-import type { Hand, TrackGeometry } from '../engine/content.ts';
+import type { CarType, Hand, TrackGeometry } from '../engine/content.ts';
 import type { GameEvent } from '../engine/events.ts';
 import type { Intent } from '../engine/intents.ts';
 import { legalActions } from '../engine/legal.ts';
@@ -364,8 +372,10 @@ function chooseLocalOption(
     return because('the crew is away from the Office and can never depart from where it stands', can('switch')!);
   }
 
-  // 3. Stock a green box only when the load can actually finish — an empty car of the right type
-  //    is already spotted. Stocking without one just fills the box.
+  // 3. Stock a green box when the load can actually be worked — an empty car of the right type is
+  //    already spotted. Staging ahead of the car is legal (§6.3) and cannot jam anything, but it
+  //    spends the Stage's one Freight Agent action on a load no Laborer can touch yet, so it is not
+  //    worth CHOOSING the option for; it is taken only as a fallback once the option is chosen.
   if (can('freightAgent') && canStockProductively(s, player)) {
     return because('a green box can be stocked with a load that can actually finish', can('freightAgent')!);
   }
@@ -463,9 +473,13 @@ function isTrainCard(s: GameState, cardId: string): boolean {
 /**
  * A facility with room in its green box AND an empty car OF ITS OWN TYPE already spotted.
  *
- * The type match matters: a load that reaches WORK with no matching car to go onto is stuck, and a
- * stuck load strips the industry track of Operational Rail status (§9.3), so no car can be brought
- * in to rescue it. Stocking speculatively jams the facility.
+ * A PRIORITY TEST, NOT A LEGALITY TEST — the engine stocks either way (§6.3). What it decides is
+ * whether stocking is worth the Local Operations action THIS Stage: with a car spotted the load
+ * moves next Stage, without one it sits.
+ *
+ * The type match matters when it does move: a load that reaches WORK with no matching car to go
+ * onto is stuck, and a stuck load strips the industry track of Operational Rail status (§9.3), so
+ * no car can be brought in to rescue it. `loadCanFinish` keeps the Laborers off such a load.
  */
 function canStockProductively(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex): boolean {
   for (const card of areaOf(s, player).grid.values()) {
@@ -1036,6 +1050,25 @@ function loadReason(i: Intent): string {
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Would a load stocked here be workable straight away — is there a spotted empty car of that type
+ * not already promised to a load in the box or on the sign?
+ *
+ * A PREFERENCE, NOT A RULE. §6.3 stocking has no car requirement; this only ranks one legal stock
+ * above another, so the Stage's single Freight Agent action goes where a Laborer can use it.
+ */
+function stockCanBeWorked(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex, at: GridCoord, carType: CarType): boolean {
+  const f = areaOf(s, player).grid.get(coordKey(at))?.facility;
+  if (!f) return false;
+  // Passengers board off the platform with no car spotted at all (§9.2), so a stocked coach is
+  // always immediately workable.
+  if (f.kind !== 'freight') return true;
+  const spotted = f.industryTrack.cars.filter((c) => !c.loaded && c.type === carType).length;
+  const staged = f.outboundBox.filter((c) => c.type === carType).length;
+  const working = (f.menAtWork ?? []).filter((l) => l?.dir === 'out' && l.type === carType).length;
+  return spotted - staged - working > 0;
+}
+
 /**
  * Is there already an empty car of the right type spotted to receive this load (§9.3)? Without one
  * the load can be started and walked across MEN|AT|WORK but can never come off.
@@ -1077,10 +1110,30 @@ function consistAfterMove(
     (d) => d.coord.row === move.to.row && d.coord.col === move.to.col,
   );
   if (!dest) return null;
-  // Forward means the engine leads and meets the cars head-on (§A.3).
-  return move.reverse ? [...tray.consist, ...dest.couples] : [...dest.couples, ...tray.consist];
+  /**
+   * Forward means the engine leads and meets the cars head-on (§A.3), and `couples` is ordered
+   * NEAREST FIRST — so the last car met ends up nose-most and the cut reverses on its way into the
+   * tray. Predicting it unreversed made the bot's run-around test read the wrong car as the tail
+   * whenever it approached a cut of two or more forwards.
+   */
+  return move.reverse
+    ? [...tray.consist, ...dest.couples]
+    : [...[...dest.couples].reverse(), ...tray.consist];
 }
 
+/**
+ * Would this move drag the cars the crew has just set out back onto the train?
+ *
+ * Coupling is mandatory, so pulling out through the end a cut is standing at picks it up again —
+ * which usually undoes the set-out the crew made this turn. The bot cannot make an ILLEGAL move
+ * (legality is enforced upstream), so this costs it nothing to ignore; it simply wastes the Move,
+ * and the crew arrives with the car it was trying to leave behind.
+ */
+function recouplesOwnCut(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex, i: Intent): boolean {
+  return i.type === 'switch.move' && ownCutFor(s, player, i.trayId, i.reverse).length > 0;
+}
+
+
 /** Is this player's crew sitting somewhere it can never depart from? */
 function strandedFromOffice(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex): boolean {
   const area = areaOf(s, player);
@@ -1238,6 +1291,26 @@ function followThrough(
     }
 
     case 'switch': {
+      /**
+       * A MOVE THAT DRAGS THE CREW'S OWN CUT BACK ON IS A WASTED MOVE, so take those off the table
+       * before any heuristic gets to choose one.
+       *
+       * Coupling is mandatory (§A.4), so pulling out through the end a cut is standing at picks it
+       * straight back up — which undoes the set-out the crew just made. Measured before this filter:
+       * **625 of 1,029 set-outs across 60 games were recoupled by the very next move**, 219 of them
+       * cars that had just been spotted at an industry. The bot was not doing anything illegal; it
+       * was spending two Moves to end up where it started, over and over.
+       *
+       * Filtered here rather than at each `find` below because there are six of them and a rule that
+       * has to be remembered at six call sites is a rule that will be forgotten at the seventh. The
+       * originals come back if the filter would leave the crew with no move at all — backed into a
+       * stub behind its own cars, the only way out IS through them, and standing still is worse.
+       */
+      const clear = options.filter((i) => !recouplesOwnCut(s, player, i));
+      if (options.some((i) => i.type === 'switch.move') && clear.some((i) => i.type === 'switch.move')) {
+        options = clear;
+      }
+
       // Re-check every Move, not just when choosing the option. Conditions change mid-turn — a car
       // gets coupled, a siding fills — and once there is nothing left to do the fall-through would
       // pick an arbitrary legal move and burn the remaining Moves shuttling.
@@ -1457,8 +1530,30 @@ function followThrough(
       }
       const clear = options.find((i) => i.type === 'freightAgent.clearInbound');
       if (clear) return because('the red Inbound box is full and blocking further unloading', clear);
-      const stock = options.find((i) => i.type === 'freightAgent.stockOutbound');
-      if (stock) return because('stock a green box so a Laborer has work next Stage', stock);
+      /**
+       * PREFER THE BOX WHOSE LOAD CAN ACTUALLY BE WORKED.
+       *
+       * §6.3 lets the Freight Agent stage a load with no car spotted — cargo may wait on the dock —
+       * so every facility with room and a matching car in the Division Yard is now offered, not just
+       * the ready ones. `canStockProductively` chose the option believing a ready facility existed;
+       * taking the first offer regardless would spend the Stage's one Freight Agent action on some
+       * other industry that cannot move its load for want of a car. Staging ahead is still taken as
+       * a fallback: it is legal, it cannot jam anything, and it saves an action later.
+       */
+      const stockable = options.filter(
+        (i): i is Extract<Intent, { type: 'freightAgent.stockOutbound' }> =>
+          i.type === 'freightAgent.stockOutbound',
+      );
+      const workable = stockable.find((i) => stockCanBeWorked(s, player, i.at, i.carType));
+      const stock = workable ?? stockable[0];
+      if (stock) {
+        return because(
+          workable
+            ? 'stock a green box whose load a Laborer can start next Stage'
+            : 'stage a load ahead of the car — it waits in the green box until one is spotted',
+          stock,
+        );
+      }
       /**
        * NEVER UNJAM A HEALTHY BOX.
        *
@@ -1508,7 +1603,7 @@ function wantedCars(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex): WantedCar[] {
     const f = card.facility;
     if (!f || f.kind !== 'freight') continue;
     const spotted = f.industryTrack.cars.length;
-    if (spotted >= f.industryTrack.length) continue;
+    if (spotted >= MAX_CONSIST) continue;
     // Every commodity the industry handles, asked of its profile. A hand-written switch here had
     // drifted from the sheet: it named two industries that do not exist (`produceShed`,
     // `oilRefinery`) and omitted three that do (`freightHouse`, `refinery`, `packingSheds`), so
@@ -1537,12 +1632,12 @@ function wantedCars(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex): WantedCar[] {
  * Would spotting this car here do any work?
  *
  * An OUTBOUND facility needs an EMPTY car of its own commodity to load onto; an INBOUND one needs
- * a LOADED car of its commodity to unload. Anything else merely consumes a slot on a finite
- * industry track (§9.3).
+ * a LOADED car of its commodity to unload. Anything else merely consumes room on the industry's
+ * track, which holds four cars like any other card (§9.3).
  */
 function facilityWants(f: Facility, car: RollingStock): boolean {
   if (f.kind !== 'freight') return false;
-  if (f.industryTrack.cars.length >= f.industryTrack.length) return false;
+  if (f.industryTrack.cars.length >= MAX_CONSIST) return false;
   if (!facilityCarTypes(f).includes(car.type)) return false;
   if (!car.loaded && f.allows.outbound) return true;
   if (car.loaded && f.allows.inbound) return true;

src/sim/narrate.ts

@@ -15,9 +15,10 @@
  * panel cannot drift from the rules.
  */
 
+import { MAX_CONSIST } from '../engine/content.ts';
 import { adTrackCount, coordKey, seatOf, turnOf } from '../engine/state.ts';
 import type { GameState, GridCoord, PlayerIndex, RollingStock, TrayId } from '../engine/state.ts';
-import { areaOf, canAdvanceLoad, canStartLoad, facilityCarType, laborersLeft, movesFor, portersLeft } from '../engine/apply.ts';
+import { areaOf, canAdvanceLoad, canStartLoad, facilityCarType, facilityCarTypes, laborersLeft, movesFor, portersLeft } from '../engine/apply.ts';
 import type { GameEvent } from '../engine/events.ts';
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -130,14 +131,26 @@ export function narrate(e: GameEvent, ctx: NarrateContext = {}): Narration {
         where: e.to,
         text: `CREW moved ${at(e.from)} → ${at(e.to)} — ${e.movesRemaining} of 6 Moves left. The crew chip on the grid carries the whole train with it.`,
       };
-    case 'carsCoupled':
+    case 'carsCoupled': {
+      /**
+       * TAKING YOUR OWN CUT BACK IS NOT THE SAME EVENT AS FINDING CARS ON THE LINE, and the history
+       * read as though it were — "coupled 2 cars" told a player who had just set those very cars out
+       * that the game had silently undone their work. It has not: they were standing at the end the
+       * train pulled out through, and coupling is mandatory (§A.4).
+       */
+      const own = e.recoupled?.stock.length ?? 0;
+      const found = e.stock.length - own;
+      const parts: string[] = [];
+      if (own > 0) parts.push(`picked its own ${carsLabel(e.recoupled!.stock)} back up off ${at(e.recoupled!.at)} on the way out`);
+      if (found > 0) parts.push(`coupled ${carsLabel(e.stock.slice(own))} standing on the line`);
       return {
         tone: 'plain',
         where: e.at,
         text:
           `Coupled ${e.stock.length} car(s) at ${at(e.at)} ${e.toNose ? 'ONTO THE NOSE' : 'behind the train'}` +
-          `: ${carsLabel(e.stock)}`,
+          ` — ${parts.join(', and ')}`,
       };
+    }
     case 'consistSorted':
       return {
         tone: 'good',
@@ -145,10 +158,14 @@ export function narrate(e: GameEvent, ctx: NarrateContext = {}): Narration {
         text: `SMALL YARD — consist re-ordered from [${carsLabel(e.before)}] to [${carsLabel(e.after)}], so the right car is now on the end and can be spotted`,
       };
     case 'carsDropped':
+      // WHICH END. A cut comes off an outer end (§A.3) and the end decides everything that follows:
+      // the train may pull away from cars set out behind it and must couple back up to cars set out
+      // in front. "Dropped 2 cars" left the one fact that matters out of the record.
       return {
         tone: 'plain',
         where: e.at,
-        text: `Dropped ${carsLabel(e.stock)} at ${at(e.at)}`,
+        text:
+          `Set out ${carsLabel(e.stock)} at ${at(e.at)}, off the ${e.fromNose ? 'NOSE — ahead of the engine, so pulling forward will couple them again' : 'TAIL — behind the engine, so it may pull away and leave them'}`,
       };
 
     // -- cards
@@ -226,6 +243,14 @@ export function narrate(e: GameEvent, ctx: NarrateContext = {}): Narration {
         tone: 'bad',
         text: `SECOND SECTION ordered on Train ${e.trainNumber} — an identical train will run right behind it, which forces the Superintendent to rule on a following train (§8.1)`,
       };
+    case 'extraStarted':
+      return {
+        tone: 'good',
+        text:
+          e.atSeat === null
+            ? `EXTRA X${e.trainNumber} started at the ${e.trainNumber % 2 === 0 ? 'Western' : 'Eastern'} Division Point, running ${e.trainNumber % 2 === 0 ? 'east' : 'west'} — odd numbers run west and even run east (§2.3), so its number chose the end`
+            : `EXTRA X${e.trainNumber} started at the Control Point in seat ${e.atSeat}, running ${e.trainNumber % 2 === 0 ? 'east' : 'west'} — an Extra may begin at any Office above a Whistle Post instead of at a Division Point`,
+      };
     case 'trainMadeUp':
       return {
         tone: 'good',
@@ -244,24 +269,32 @@ export function narrate(e: GameEvent, ctx: NarrateContext = {}): Narration {
         text: `Train ${e.trainNumber} was due out but is HELD — ${e.reason}`,
       };
     case 'trainHighballed':
+      // The RULE that released it, not a restatement of the move. "Some trains seem to be moving
+      // before I can switch them" was reported against a log in which every departure read alike.
       return {
         tone: 'plain',
-        text: `Train ${e.trainNumber} HIGHBALLED — departed ${e.from} onto ${e.to}`,
+        text: `Train ${e.trainNumber} HIGHBALLED — departed ${e.from} onto ${e.to}. Why now: ${e.why}`,
       };
     case 'trainArrived':
       /**
-       * AN EXPEDITED TRAIN IS NOT COMING BACK ROUND.
+       * AN EXPEDITED TRAIN IS NOT COMING BACK ROUND — AND IS NOT GONE YET EITHER.
        *
-       * This said "it will highball again next Mainline Phase, so any work must happen now" to every
-       * arrival. For an expedited train that is exactly backwards — Q3 departs it in the SAME Stage
-       * it arrived, so there is no turn in which to work it — and the log then contradicted itself
-       * two lines later when the train left. Reported after Train 4, the Express, did precisely that.
+       * This said "it will highball again next Mainline Phase" to every arrival, which is backwards
+       * for an Expedited train. Corrected once to "it leaves again this same Mainline Phase", which
+       * was ALSO wrong and in a way that cost the player work: the expedited departure was moved to
+       * Supervisor Shift precisely so the Porters and Laborers get their Stage with the train, so
+       * Cargo IS available and only Local Operations is not. Telling a player there is "no turn in
+       * which to work it" talked them out of the one turn they had.
+       *
+       * So both branches now name the phases: what you can still do with this train, and when it
+       * goes. That is the whole of the reported confusion — "some trains seem to be moving before I
+       * can switch or do other operations on them".
        */
       return {
         tone: 'plain',
         text: e.expedited
-          ? `Train ${e.trainNumber} ARRIVED at the ${e.office} carrying ${carsLabel(e.consist)} — and EXPEDITES, so it leaves again this same Mainline Phase; there is no turn in which to work it`
-          : `Train ${e.trainNumber} ARRIVED at the ${e.office} carrying ${carsLabel(e.consist)} — it stands until the next Mainline Phase, so any work must happen before then`,
+          ? `Train ${e.trainNumber} ARRIVED at the ${e.office} carrying ${carsLabel(e.consist)} — its card prints EXPEDITE, so it stands through the Cargo phase and departs at the END OF THIS STAGE. Porters and Laborers can work it now; it is normally gone before your next Local Operations turn, so it cannot be switched — unless §8.1 holds it for a ruling, in which case it stays and runs like any other train.`
+          : `Train ${e.trainNumber} ARRIVED at the ${e.office} carrying ${carsLabel(e.consist)} — it stands here for the rest of this Stage. You can work it in Cargo now, switch it in the NEXT Stage's Local Operations, and it departs in that Stage's Mainline Phase.`,
       };
     case 'trainDiverted':
       return {
@@ -269,11 +302,13 @@ export function narrate(e: GameEvent, ctx: NarrateContext = {}): Narration {
         text: `Train ${e.trainNumber} DIVERTED to ${e.to} — ${e.reason}`,
       };
     case 'trainCompleted':
+      // The one line in the log that is good news for everybody, so it is not 'quiet'.
       return {
-        tone: 'quiet',
+        tone: 'good',
         text:
-          `Train ${e.trainNumber} finished its run and left the Division carrying ` +
-          `${carsLabel(e.consist)} — the crew is free again`,
+          `Train ${e.isExtra ? 'X' : ''}${e.trainNumber} has completed its run, leaving via the ` +
+          `${e.side === 'east' ? 'Eastern' : 'Western'} Division Point carrying ${carsLabel(e.consist)}. ` +
+          `All players get 1 Revenue. The crew is free again.`,
       };
 
     // -- freight agent
@@ -476,25 +511,47 @@ export function impediments(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex = 0): Impediment[]
     }
 
     if (f.outboundBox.length > 0 && !canStartLoad(f) && laborersLeft(f) > 0) {
+      // Two quite different reasons, and telling a player "MEN is occupied" when the real answer is
+      // "there is no car to load onto" sends them to fix the wrong thing.
+      const blockedByBox = f.menAtWork?.[0] != null;
       out.push({
         where: `${name} ${key}`,
-        why: 'green box has a load but MEN is occupied',
-        severity: 'waiting',
+        why: blockedByBox
+          ? 'green box has a load but MEN is occupied'
+          : `a load is staged but no empty ${want} is spotted on this industry's track — it stays ` +
+            'in the green box until a crew sets one out here (§9.3)',
+        severity: blockedByBox ? 'waiting' : 'stuck',
       });
     }
 
     if (f.allows.outbound && f.outboundBox.length === 0) {
+      /**
+       * WHAT TO DO NEXT — AND THE TWO STEPS CAN BE DONE IN EITHER ORDER.
+       *
+       * §6.3 stocking needs only a car in the Division Yard; §9.3's "Load the car" is what needs an
+       * empty car of the commodity standing on the industry's track. So an empty siding is not a
+       * reason to hold the Freight Agent back — it is a second errand to run before the Laborers can
+       * start. Saying "bring a car in FIRST" sent players to do them in a fixed order they are not
+       * bound by, and wasted the Stage's one Freight Agent action.
+       */
+      const spotted = f.industryTrack.cars.some((c) => !c.loaded && facilityCarTypes(f).includes(c.type));
       out.push({
         where: `${name} ${key}`,
-        why: 'green box empty — nothing to load (needs a Freight Agent action)',
+        why: spotted
+          ? 'green box empty — nothing to load (needs a Freight Agent action)'
+          : `green box empty — the Freight Agent can stage a load now, but no empty ${want} is ` +
+            'spotted here, so a crew must set one out before Laborers can work it (§9.3)',
         severity: 'waiting',
       });
     }
 
-    if (f.industryTrack.cars.length >= f.industryTrack.length) {
+    // Four cars is the whole of any track card, industry or not — the same limit that caps a
+    // consist. It is no longer the industry's box count, which is what used to make a one-box
+    // industry report itself full with a single car standing on it.
+    if (f.industryTrack.cars.length >= MAX_CONSIST) {
       out.push({
         where: `${name} ${key}`,
-        why: `industry track full (${f.industryTrack.length} cars) — no room to spot another`,
+        why: `industry track full (${MAX_CONSIST} cars) — no room to spot another`,
         severity: 'stuck',
       });
     }
@@ -533,42 +590,82 @@ export function impediments(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex = 0): Impediment[]
   }
 
   /**
-   * WHY THE PASSENGERS ARE NOT GETTING OFF.
+   * WHY THE PASSENGERS ARE NOT MOVING — boarding as well as de-training.
    *
-   * Reported: "I can't figure out how to have a train with three passenger coaches unload all three
-   * at my depot." You cannot — a Depot has ONE Porter and ONE red slot, so it works one coach a
-   * Stage and then needs a Freight Agent action to clear the box before the next. A Station does two
-   * and a Terminal three. That is the Office ladder doing its job, and nothing on screen said so.
+   * Reported first as "I can't figure out how to have a train with three passenger coaches unload
+   * all three at my depot." You cannot — a Depot has ONE Porter and ONE red slot, so it works one
+   * coach a Stage and then needs a Freight Agent action to clear the box before the next. A Station
+   * does two and a Terminal three. That is the Office ladder doing its job, and nothing on screen
+   * said so.
    *
-   * §9.2 also requires an empty coach in the DIVISION YARD to swap into the train, which is a
-   * requirement the engine only started enforcing recently and which no panel mentions at all.
+   * Reported again as "passenger trains arrive at my Office and move on before I can load or unload
+   * them", which turned out to be three separate silences. This block only looked at trains carrying
+   * a LOADED coach, so a train arriving to PICK UP said nothing at all. A Whistle Post's Office card
+   * carries a passenger facility with zero Porters, so the engine answered `RESOURCE_SPENT` — "all
+   * Porters used" — to a player who had used none. And an expedited train leaves at the end of the
+   * Stage it arrives, so its one Load/Unload phase is now-or-never and nothing said which trains
+   * those are.
+   *
+   * §9.2 also requires an empty coach in the DIVISION YARD to swap into the train, which no panel
+   * mentioned at all.
    */
   const office = area.grid.get(coordKey(area.officeCoord));
   const pf = office?.facility;
   if (pf && pf.kind === 'passenger') {
-    const waiting = area.adOccupancy
+    const coachTrains = area.adOccupancy
       .map((id) => s.trays.get(id))
-      .filter((t) => t?.consist.some((c) => c.type === 'coach' && c.loaded));
-    if (waiting.length > 0) {
-      const reasons: string[] = [];
-      if (portersLeft(pf) < 1) {
-        reasons.push(
+      .filter((t): t is NonNullable<typeof t> => !!t && t.consist.some((c) => c.type === 'coach'));
+
+    if (coachTrains.length > 0) {
+      const label = (t: (typeof coachTrains)[number]): string =>
+        t.trainNumber === null ? 'the local crew' : `Train ${t.trainIsExtra ? 'X' : ''}${t.trainNumber}`;
+      const say = (why: string, severity: Impediment['severity'] = 'waiting'): void => {
+        out.push({ where: 'Office — passengers', why, severity });
+      };
+
+      const boarding = pf.outboundBox.some((c) => c.type === 'coach' && c.loaded);
+      const emptyOnTrain = coachTrains.some((t) => t.consist.some((c) => c.type === 'coach' && !c.loaded));
+      const loadedOnTrain = coachTrains.some((t) => t.consist.some((c) => c.type === 'coach' && c.loaded));
+
+      if (pf.porters < 1) {
+        say(
+          'this Office has NO Porters — a Whistle Post is not a Passenger Facility (§9) and cannot ' +
+            'work passengers at all. Upgrade it to a Depot or better.',
+          'stuck',
+        );
+      } else if (portersLeft(pf) < 1) {
+        say(
           `all ${pf.porters} Porter${pf.porters === 1 ? '' : 's'} used this Stage — one works one coach, ` +
             'and the Office tier is the Porter count (Depot 1, Station 2, Terminal 3)',
         );
+      } else {
+        if (boarding && !emptyOnTrain) {
+          say('passengers are waiting to board, but every coach standing here is already full');
+        }
+        if (!boarding && !loadedOnTrain) {
+          say('nobody waiting to travel and no loaded coach to set down — stock the platform with a Freight Agent action');
+        }
+        if (loadedOnTrain && pf.inboundBox.length >= pf.capacity.inbound) {
+          say(
+            `the red Unloading box is full (${pf.capacity.inbound} slot${pf.capacity.inbound === 1 ? '' : 's'}) — ` +
+              'a Freight Agent action clears it, which costs a whole Local Operations turn',
+          );
+        }
+        if (loadedOnTrain && !s.yards.divisionYard.some((c) => c.type === 'coach' && !c.loaded)) {
+          say('no EMPTY coach in the Division Yard to swap into the train (§9.2 requires one)');
+        }
       }
-      if (pf.inboundBox.length >= pf.capacity.inbound) {
-        reasons.push(
-          `the red Unloading box is full (${pf.capacity.inbound} slot${pf.capacity.inbound === 1 ? '' : 's'}) — ` +
-            'a Freight Agent action clears it, which costs a whole Local Operations turn',
+
+      // NOW OR NEVER. An expedited train leaves at the end of this Stage, so this is the only
+      // Load/Unload phase it will ever stand for — the exact thing the playtest report was about.
+      for (const t of coachTrains) {
+        if (!t.departsThisStage) continue;
+        say(
+          `${label(t)} is EXPEDITED — it leaves at the END of this Stage, so this is the only ` +
+            'Load/Unload phase it will stand for. Work it now or not at all.',
+          'risk',
         );
       }
-      if (!s.yards.divisionYard.some((c) => c.type === 'coach' && !c.loaded)) {
-        reasons.push('no EMPTY coach in the Division Yard to swap into the train (§9.2 requires one)');
-      }
-      for (const why of reasons) {
-        out.push({ where: 'passengers waiting to de-train', why, severity: 'waiting' });
-      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -645,6 +742,9 @@ export function cuesFor(events: readonly GameEvent[]): string[] {
     // The 1D12 that sets a train's departure Stage. It is the one roll a player makes and it landed
     // silently, so the card was gone and the answer to "when does it run?" was a line of history.
     if (e.type === 'trainScheduled') out.push('schedule');
+    // A train running the whole length of the Division pays every player, and it is the one event
+    // nobody made happen on the turn it lands. It should be heard, not found in the log.
+    if (e.type === 'trainCompleted') out.push('completed');
     if (e.type === 'stageBegan') {
       // A Stage BEGINNING is the previous one ending — except the first, which is the game opening
       // and has nothing behind it. A Day boundary rings the bell only: sounding both would collide,

src/sim/replay.ts

@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ export function compress(frames: Frame[]): Packed {
       const fi = c.facility ? f.facilities.indexOf(c.facility) : -1;
       // `train` rides whole rather than being interned: it changes almost every frame, so a table
       // of them would be as long as the frames are and buy nothing.
-      return [ci, wi, c.enhancements, c.tray, c.cars, fi, c.train, c.ad, c.enhancementsWhat];
+      return [ci, wi, c.enhancements, c.tray, c.cars, fi, c.train, c.ad, c.enhancementsWhat, c.standingWest];
     });
     return { ...f, cells } as unknown as Frame;
   });
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ export function rehydrateCells(
   facs: unknown[],
 ): unknown[] {
   return packed.map((row) => {
-    const p = row as [number, number, string[], string | null, string[], number, unknown, unknown, string[]];
+    const p = row as [number, number, string[], string | null, string[], number, unknown, unknown, string[], number];
     const c = cards[p[0]] as [number, number, string, string, boolean, string[]];
     return {
       row: c[0], col: c[1], kind: c[2], label: c[3], running: c[4], links: c[5],
@@ -249,6 +249,10 @@ export function rehydrateCells(
       // Carried rather than recomputed: this function is emitted into the page by toString() and so
       // cannot reach the card catalogue that produced the text.
       enhancementsWhat: p[8] ?? [],
+      // Where the train on this card stands among the cars standing on it, so the replay draws a cut
+      // ahead of or behind the engine exactly as the live board does. Absent in older recordings,
+      // which read as 0 — the whole cut east of the engine, which is what they used to draw anyway.
+      standingWest: p[9] ?? 0,
     };
   });
 }
@@ -453,7 +457,10 @@ const esc = (s) => String(s).replace(/[&<>]/g, (c) => ({'&':'&amp;','<':'&lt;','
 function miniFacility(x) {
   let h = '<div class="mini">';
   if (x.greenCap > 0) h += '<span class="dim">grn </span>' + boxes(x.green, x.greenCap, 'g');
-  if (x.trackCap > 0) h += '<br><span class="dim">work </span>' +
+  // Gated on the sign itself. This used to gate on trackCap, which was a stand-in for "freight
+  // facility" back when only a freight card had an industry track length; the length is gone and
+  // maw is the honest test — a Passenger Facility has no MEN | AT | WORK sign at all.
+  if (x.maw.length > 0) h += '<br><span class="dim">work </span>' +
     x.maw.map((m) => '<span class="box ' + (m ? 'm' : 'empty') + '">' + (m ? esc(m) : '·') + '</span>').join('');
   if (x.redCap > 0) h += '<br><span class="dim">red </span>' + boxes(x.red, x.redCap, 'r');
   return h + '</div>';
@@ -522,18 +529,20 @@ function render() {
       '<div class="fac"><b>' + esc(x.name) + '</b> <span class="dim">' + esc(x.commodity) + ' · ' + esc(x.flow) +
       ' · laborers ' + esc(x.laborers) + ' · porters ' + esc(x.porters) + '</span>' +
       '<div class="boxes"><span class="dim">green</span>' + boxes(x.green, x.greenCap, 'g') + '</div>' +
-      // No sign and no siding on a Passenger Facility: maw is empty for one, but the LABEL was
-      // printed before the loop, so a Depot showed the caption over nothing. The mini card above
-      // gates on trackCap and was already right; this copy was not.
+      // No sign on a Passenger Facility: maw is empty for one, but the LABEL was printed before
+      // the loop, so a Depot showed the caption over nothing.
       // (No backticks in here — this whole block is inside a template literal.)
       (x.maw.length > 0
         ? '<div class="boxes"><span class="dim">MEN|AT|WORK</span>' +
           x.maw.map((m) => '<span class="box ' + (m ? 'm' : 'empty') + '">' + (m ? esc(m) : '·') + '</span>').join('') + '</div>'
         : '') +
       '<div class="boxes"><span class="dim">red</span>' + boxes(x.red, x.redCap, 'r') + '</div>' +
-      // 's', not 'g': the siding is a place, not a direction, and green is reserved for outbound.
-      (x.trackCap > 0 || x.track.length > 0
-        ? '<div class="boxes"><span class="dim">siding</span>' + boxes(x.track, x.trackCap, 's') + '</div>'
+      // 's', not 'g': standing here is a place, not a direction, and green is reserved for outbound.
+      // Cap 0 so only the cars actually spotted are drawn — an industry card prints no siding, and
+      // the row of empty squares this used to draw claimed both that it did and that the siding was
+      // as long as the industry's box count. It holds four cars, the same as any track card.
+      (x.track.length > 0
+        ? '<div class="boxes"><span class="dim">spotted</span>' + boxes(x.track, 0, 's') + '</div>'
         : '') +
       '<div class="fstat ' + (x.jammed ? 'bad' : (x.canFinish ? 'good' : 'idle')) + '">' +
         (x.jammed

src/sim/save-replay.ts

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
  *   node src/sim/save-replay.ts 400 --top 3 trainCapSlack=0
  */
 
-import { writeFileSync } from 'node:fs';
+import { readdirSync, unlinkSync, writeFileSync } from 'node:fs';
 import { dirname, join } from 'node:path';
 import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
 
@@ -131,13 +131,33 @@ if (isMain) {
     `  best ${revenues.slice(0, 5).join(', ')} · median ${revenues[Math.floor(revenues.length / 2)]}`,
   );
 
-  let written = 0;
-  for (const p of best) {
+  const verified = best.filter((p) => {
     const check = verifyReplays(p);
-    if (!check.ok) {
-      console.warn(`  REFUSED seed ${p.seed} — ${check.why}`);
-      continue;
+    if (!check.ok) console.warn(`  REFUSED seed ${p.seed} — ${check.why}`);
+    return check.ok;
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * THE PUBLISHED SET IS REPLACED, NOT ADDED TO.
+   *
+   * Every file here is named for its seed, so re-recording used to leave the previous set sitting
+   * beside the new one — and the previous set is precisely the one whose rules have just moved. The
+   * point of re-recording is that those files are dead; keeping them means the site serves dead
+   * replays and `harness.test.ts` fails on them forever, which is how the last two went unnoticed.
+   *
+   * Only ever run after at least one replacement verifies, so a run that produces nothing publishable
+   * leaves what is already published alone.
+   */
+  if (verified.length > 0) {
+    for (const old of readdirSync(dest).filter((f) => f.endsWith('.json') && f !== 'manifest.json')) {
+      if (verified.some((p) => `seed-${p.seed}.json` === old)) continue;
+      unlinkSync(join(dest, old));
+      console.log(`  retired ${old} — recorded under rules that have since moved`);
     }
+  }
+
+  let written = 0;
+  for (const p of verified) {
     const file = join(dest, `seed-${p.seed}.json`);
     writeFileSync(
       file,
@@ -148,13 +168,16 @@ if (isMain) {
           // there is room — a title carrying seven tweak names is a title nobody reads.
           title: `${p.revenue} Revenue · seed ${p.seed}`,
           note: `${p.note} · played by ${policy.name}`,
+          // The house rules it was DEALT under, without which the seed does not name this game and
+          // the file replays as something else — see `Save.rules` in `web/game.ts`.
+          ...(p.save.rules ? { rules: p.save.rules } : {}),
           history: p.save.history,
         },
         null,
         1,
       ),
     );
-    console.log(`  wrote ${file}  (${p.note}, ${check.why})`);
+    console.log(`  wrote ${file}  (${p.note})`);
     written += 1;
   }
   console.log(`${written} replay(s) saved — run \`npm run build:web\` to publish them`);

src/sim/view.ts

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import {
   facilityCarType,
   laborersLeft,
   movesFor,
+  ownCutFor,
   portersLeft,
 } from '../engine/apply.ts';
 import {
@@ -38,11 +39,13 @@ import {
   lengthProfile,
   officeProfile,
   trainProfile,
+  houseRules,
+  mainlineDescription,
 } from '../engine/content.ts';
 import type { Intent } from '../engine/intents.ts';
 import type { Facility, GameState, PlayerIndex, TrackCard, TurnoutOrientation } from '../engine/state.ts';
-import { playerAtSeat, seatOf, turnOf } from '../engine/state.ts';
-import type { Hand, TrackGeometry } from '../engine/content.ts';
+import { carsOn, playerAtSeat, railFacingOf, seatOf, turnOf } from '../engine/state.ts';
+import type { Hand, HouseRules, TrackGeometry } from '../engine/content.ts';
 import type { Port } from '../engine/track.ts';
 import { connectionsFor, slopeOfPair, variantsFor } from '../engine/track.ts';
 import type { Impediment } from './narrate.ts';
@@ -76,13 +79,14 @@ export type CellView = {
    * not plan a move at all: "drop 1 car" tells you nothing when you cannot see what is on the back.
    *
    * `cars` runs nose first, matching the tray; `engineAt` is where the locomotive sits in it, and
-   * `facing` is the port it points at on this card.
+   * `facing` is which way the engine points — EAST OR WEST, never north or south, whatever the
+   * track under it runs. See `railFacingOf` in state.ts for why, and why the type says so.
    */
   train: {
     label: string;
     cars: string[];
     engineAt: number;
-    facing: string;
+    facing: 'e' | 'w';
     /**
      * WHAT THIS PARTICULAR TRAIN'S CARD SAYS.
      *
@@ -101,6 +105,18 @@ export type CellView = {
    */
   ad: { used: number; of: number } | null;
   cars: string[];
+  /**
+   * Cars in `cars` that stand WEST of the train on this card — 0 when no train is here.
+   *
+   * `cars` runs west to east like the state it comes from, and a train standing on the card sits
+   * somewhere IN that row rather than beside it. Reported from play: "right after dropping my cars I
+   * need to be able to see if those cars are ahead or behind the train" — and the board drew the
+   * whole cut in one left-aligned strip at the bottom of the card, which cannot answer that at all.
+   *
+   * Combined with `train.facing` it is the answer: for an east-facing engine the cars east of it are
+   * the ones ahead, and the split is drawn as a gap the chip sits in.
+   */
+  standingWest: number;
   facility: FacilityView | null;
   /**
    * The port pairs this card joins, as two-letter codes — 'ew' for the through track, and 'ne',
@@ -123,7 +139,8 @@ export type FacilityView = {
   /**
    * Freight or passengers — the one thing the renderers could not previously ask.
    *
-   * Without it they guessed from side effects (`trackCap > 0`, `laborers` starting "0/0"), and one
+   * Without it they guessed from side effects (a non-empty industry track, `laborers` starting
+   * "0/0"), and one
    * of the three simply did not guess at all, so a Depot drew three MEN | AT | WORK boxes it has no
    * Laborer to work. Reported from playtesting.
    */
@@ -136,8 +153,15 @@ export type FacilityView = {
   maw: (string | null)[];
   red: string[];
   redCap: number;
+  /**
+   * Cars standing on the industry's track, and nothing about how many more will fit.
+   *
+   * `trackCap` used to ride alongside this and every renderer drew that many empty squares — a
+   * printed siding, as long as the industry's box count. No industry card prints one, and the
+   * number was wrong anyway: a card holds four cars like any other. Both the field and the squares
+   * are gone; the room left is `spaceOn`'s business, not a drawing's.
+   */
   track: string[];
-  trackCap: number;
   laborers: string;
   porters: string;
   /**
@@ -188,13 +212,22 @@ export type TrainChip = {
    * THE SAME TRAIN THE OFFICE CARD DRAWS, so the Division map can draw it the same way.
    *
    * `cars` is nose first and carries no engine; `engineAt` is where the engine sits among them and
-   * `facing` is the port it points at. The Division chip used to be a name and a number — and the
-   * number was Stages left to cross, which reads as redundant beside the position already drawn on
-   * the card. A train is worth drawing: what it is carrying, loaded or empty, and which end leads.
+   * `facing` is which way the engine points, east or west. The Division chip used to be a name and a
+   * number — and the number was Stages left to cross, which reads as redundant beside the position
+   * already drawn on the card. A train is worth drawing: what it is carrying, loaded or empty, and
+   * which end leads.
    */
   cars: string[];
   engineAt: number;
-  facing: string;
+  facing: 'e' | 'w';
+  /**
+   * The train's printed card — what it may and may not do.
+   *
+   * The Office card has carried this for a while; the Division map chip carried only the consist, so
+   * a train out on the Mainline could not be asked what it was. Same text either way, from
+   * `trainRules`, so the two views cannot describe one train differently.
+   */
+  what: string;
   /**
    * Which region of a Mainline card the train is standing in, and which way it is going. Absent
    * everywhere else: a Division Point is a single queue, and inside a district a train moves by
@@ -247,6 +280,14 @@ export type DivisionView = {
    * on that grade has no visible meaning.
    */
   gradeUp: string | null;
+  /**
+   * Mainline cards only: what the card does to a train, from `mainlineDescription`.
+   *
+   * "I have no idea the impact Hilly and Uncontrolled Siding have on game play" — and there was
+   * nowhere to find out: the tip carried the card's NAME and its modifiers and nothing about the
+   * crossing time or whether trains may pass.
+   */
+  what?: string;
   /** Mainline cards only: how many regions the card is divided into (§2.1 — two). */
   regions?: number;
   /** Office nodes only: the Running Track, Limits to Limits, west to east. */
@@ -287,6 +328,14 @@ export type Frame = {
    */
   /** Which of §6's three exclusive options the VIEWER has taken this Stage, if any. */
   option: 'switch' | 'draw' | 'freightAgent' | null;
+  /**
+   * The settings this game was dealt under — the opening hand, and what the three economies pay.
+   *
+   * On the Frame rather than read off the config, for the same reason as everything else here: a
+   * remote client holds no `GameState`, and "what does a load pay in this game?" is a question it
+   * must be able to answer. Resolved, never partial, so nobody downstream re-applies defaults.
+   */
+  houseRules: HouseRules;
   status: GameState['status'];
   outcome: GameState['outcome'];
   /**
@@ -326,11 +375,23 @@ export type Frame = {
    * `blocked` comes out of the movement walk itself (`movesFor`), so a reason on screen is the rule
    * that actually refused the square rather than a second guess at it.
    */
+  /**
+   * ONE ENTRY PER CREW, not one for the district.
+   *
+   * This used to be a single object built from the FIRST tray in the map, with a comment admitting
+   * it: "One crew. Solitaire has one, and with more the answer would depend on which is selected".
+   * More than one crew in a district is ordinary — trains stand on the A/D tracks while a local
+   * shunts — and when it happened the board highlighted one crew's squares while the action list
+   * offered every crew's moves, with nothing saying which was which.
+   */
   moves: {
+    trayId: string;
+    /** "Train 8", "the local crew" — what to call it on screen. */
+    label: string;
     from: { row: number; col: number };
     to: { row: number; col: number }[];
     blocked: { coord: { row: number; col: number }; kind: string; why: string }[];
-  } | null;
+  }[];
   facilities: FacilityView[];
   hand: string[];
   /** What each hand card does, in the same order — names alone are not a playable hand. */
@@ -371,6 +432,16 @@ export type Frame = {
   };
   /** 12 slots; the train number due out at each Stage, or null. */
   timetable: (number | null)[];
+  /**
+   * THE TRAIN'S CARD, SLOT BY SLOT — so a card played on Day 1 can still be read on Day 4.
+   *
+   * Reported from play: "once a train card's been played, how would I see that particular train card
+   * again — what it's allowed to do and not allowed to do, and how it has to be loaded?" The card
+   * goes onto the Timetable and is then gone, and its restrictions are what decide whether a train
+   * can be switched, worked by Porters, or loaded at all. The Timetable is where the player already
+   * looks for that train, so the card rides there.
+   */
+  timetableWhat: (string | null)[];
   blocked: Impediment[];
   trains: { label: string; where: string }[];
   /**
@@ -438,7 +509,6 @@ function facilityView(
     red: f.inboundBox.map(carLabel),
     redCap: f.capacity.inbound,
     track: f.industryTrack.cars.map(carLabel),
-    trackCap: f.industryTrack.length,
     laborers: `${laborersLeft(f)}/${f.laborers}`,
     porters: `${portersLeft(f)}/${f.porters}`,
     canFinish: canFinishHere(f),
@@ -505,6 +575,21 @@ function baseOf(
 }
 
 /** The train standing on a given grid square, drawn as it is seated in the Crew Tray. */
+/**
+ * Where the train standing on this card sits among the cars standing on it, clamped to the row.
+ *
+ * Zero when there is no train, which is also the right answer for a bare cut: with nobody standing
+ * there, a cut has no near or far side and the whole row simply reads west to east.
+ */
+function standingWestOn(s: GameState, key: string, cars: number): number {
+  for (const t of s.trays.values()) {
+    if (t.position.at !== 'grid') continue;
+    if (`${t.position.coord.row},${t.position.coord.col}` !== key) continue;
+    return Math.max(0, Math.min(cars, t.standingWest ?? 0));
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
 function trainOnCard(s: GameState, key: string): CellView['train'] {
   for (const [id, t] of s.trays) {
     if (t.position.at !== 'grid') continue;
@@ -513,7 +598,7 @@ function trainOnCard(s: GameState, key: string): CellView['train'] {
       label: t.trainNumber === null ? 'crew' : `T${t.trainIsExtra ? 'X' : ''}${t.trainNumber}`,
       cars: t.consist.map(carLabel),
       engineAt: Math.max(0, Math.min(t.consist.length, t.engineAt)),
-      facing: t.facing ?? (t.direction === 'west' ? 'w' : 'e'),
+      facing: railFacingOf(t),
       what: t.trainNumber === null ? 'A local crew — no timetable, no card, no special rules.' : trainRules(t),
     };
     void id;
@@ -646,7 +731,20 @@ export function describeIntent(s: GameState, i: Intent): string {
         const dest = destinationsFor(s, tray!.position.at === 'grid' ? playerAtSeat(s, tray!.position.seat) : 0, i.trayId, here, i.reverse)
           .find((d) => d.coord.row === i.to.row && d.coord.col === i.to.col);
         if (dest && dest.couples.length > 0) {
-          picks = ` — couples ${carsLabel(dest.couples)} on the way${i.reverse ? ' (behind)' : ' (onto the nose)'}`;
+          /**
+           * NAME THE CARS THE CREW SET OUT HERE SEPARATELY. They are at the front of `couples` — the
+           * walk seeds itself with the cut at the end the train pulls out through — and a button
+           * reading "couples 2 cars" over cars the player put down thirty seconds ago is exactly the
+           * surprise this label exists to prevent, running the other way.
+           */
+          const own = ownCutFor(s, playerAtSeat(s, tray!.position.at === 'grid' ? tray!.position.seat : 0), i.trayId, i.reverse).length;
+          const end = i.reverse ? ' (behind)' : ' (onto the nose)';
+          picks =
+            own > 0
+              ? ` — takes your own ${carsLabel(dest.couples.slice(0, own))} back off this card` +
+                (dest.couples.length > own ? `, then couples ${carsLabel(dest.couples.slice(own))} on the way` : '') +
+                end
+              : ` — couples ${carsLabel(dest.couples)} on the way${end}`;
         }
       }
       return `move to ${at(i.to)}${i.reverse ? ' (reverse)' : ''}${picks}`;
@@ -686,8 +784,37 @@ export function describeIntent(s: GameState, i: Intent): string {
     }
     case 'freightAgent.unjam':
       return `unjam ${i.from} at ${at(i.at)}`;
-    case 'freightAgent.clearInbound':
-      return `clear red box at ${at(i.at)}`;
+    /**
+     * SAY THAT IT PAYS NOTHING, because the obvious guess is that it does.
+     *
+     * Reported from play: "it wasn't obvious if that was a mechanical thing or if that's the actual
+     * revenue generation — I believe that's actually where you get the revenue, and that completes
+     * unloading the car." It is the first: the Revenue for an inbound load was already paid, one
+     * step earlier, when the Laborer walked it off the car into the red box (`unloadCompleted` pays
+     * `freightPerLoad`). Clearing the box banks nothing — it empties the one slot an inbound load
+     * can finish in, so the NEXT car can be unloaded, and costs the whole Freight Agent action for
+     * the Stage.
+     *
+     * Verified against the engine rather than read off the rules: `freightAgent.clearInbound` emits
+     * `inboundCleared` alone, with no `revenueChanged` beside it.
+     */
+    case 'freightAgent.clearInbound': {
+      const f = areaOf(s, actor).grid.get(`${i.at.row},${i.at.col}`)?.facility ?? null;
+      const car = f?.inboundBox[i.index];
+      const full = f ? f.inboundBox.length >= f.capacity.inbound : false;
+      // The red box serves both halves of §9: an inbound freight load that has come off its car,
+      // and a coach whose passengers have detrained. Both were paid for a step earlier, and both
+      // sit in the box until the Freight Agent moves them on.
+      const paid =
+        f?.kind === 'passenger'
+          ? 'the Revenue was paid when the passengers detrained'
+          : 'the Revenue was paid when the load reached the box';
+      const frees = f?.kind === 'passenger' ? 'more passengers can detrain here' : 'another car can be unloaded here';
+      return (
+        `send the ${car ? carLabel(car) : 'car'} in the red Inbound box at ${at(i.at)} to the Classification Yard` +
+        ` — pays nothing (${paid}); it frees${full ? ' the last' : ' a'} slot so ${frees}`
+      );
+    }
     case 'laborer.startLoad':
       return `start a load at ${at(i.at)}`;
     case 'laborer.advanceLoad':
@@ -698,6 +825,16 @@ export function describeIntent(s: GameState, i: Intent): string {
       return `board passengers at ${at(i.at)}`;
     case 'porter.detrain':
       return `detrain passengers at ${at(i.at)}`;
+    case 'newTrain.startExtra': {
+      const runs = i.trainNumber % 2 === 0 ? 'east' : 'west';
+      if (i.atSeat === null) {
+        const end = i.trainNumber % 2 === 0 ? 'Western' : 'Eastern';
+        return `start Extra X${i.trainNumber} at the ${end} Division Point — it runs ${runs}, so that is the end it starts from`;
+      }
+      const tier = officeProfile(areaAtSeat(s, i.atSeat).tier).name;
+      return `start Extra X${i.trainNumber} at the ${tier} in seat ${i.atSeat} — a Control Point, so it may begin its ${runs}bound run there instead`;
+    }
+
     case 'newTrain.placeCar':
       // carLabel knows a caboose carries the crew, not freight. Formatting it here by hand put
       // "add loaded caboose" on a button.
@@ -745,9 +882,13 @@ export function describeIntent(s: GameState, i: Intent): string {
       // ABS Signals exists to prevent, but no such collision is implemented — granting clearance is
       // currently free. Saying otherwise invents a consequence the engine will never deliver.
       // See implications.md §10 Q13.
+      // THE TRAIN BEING RULED ON GOES ON THE BUTTON, not in the tooltip. `actionButton` splits a
+      // label at the first em-dash and shows only the head, so "ALLOW — Train 7 follows…" left the
+      // one thing the ruling is ABOUT — which train — behind a hover. Reported from play: the
+      // Superintendent could not tell which train he was clearing without pointing at the button.
       return i.allow
-        ? `ALLOW — ${who} follows ${ahead} onto the same Mainline card, closing up behind it`
-        : `HOLD — ${who} waits where it is, losing the Stage but keeping the line clear`;
+        ? `ALLOW ${who} to follow ${ahead} — onto the same Mainline card, closing up behind it`
+        : `HOLD ${who} — it waits where it is, losing the Stage but keeping the line clear`;
     }
     case 'draw.fromDepartment': {
       // Naming the card is the whole point of a FACE-UP pile: "Department 2" tells a player nothing,
@@ -863,7 +1004,8 @@ export function snapshot(
         card.geometry.kind === 'office'
           ? { used: area.adOccupancy.length, of: officeProfile(area.tier).adTracks }
           : null,
-      cars: (card.facility?.industryTrack.length ? card.facility.industryTrack.cars : card.standing).map(carLabel),
+      cars: carsOn(card).map(carLabel),
+      standingWest: standingWestOn(s, key, carsOn(card).length),
       facility: fv,
     });
   }
@@ -936,6 +1078,7 @@ export function snapshot(
           ...(n.absSignals ? ['ABS Signals'] : []),
         ],
         gradeUp: isGrade ? (n.gradeUp ?? 'east') : null,
+        what: mainlineDescription(n.card, n.gradeUp ?? 'east'),
       };
     }
     const oa = areaAtSeat(s, n.seat);
@@ -1041,9 +1184,11 @@ export function snapshot(
       classificationTotal: s.yards.classificationYard.length,
     },
     timetable: [...s.timetable],
+    timetableWhat: s.timetable.map((n) => (n === null ? null : trainRules({ trainNumber: n, trainIsExtra: false }))),
     decision,
     wasted,
     option: turnOf(s, viewer).option,
+    houseRules: houseRules(s.config),
     status: s.status,
     outcome: s.outcome,
     players: s.players.map((p) => ({
@@ -1264,7 +1409,13 @@ export function trainRules(t: {
   if (p.rules.noSwitching) parts.push('NO SWITCHING — it runs the Division and does not shunt');
   if (p.rules.terminalsOnly) parts.push('TERMINALS ONLY — Porters may work it at a Terminal and nowhere else');
   if (p.rules.coachStaysOnStationTrack) {
-    parts.push('THE COACH STAYS AT THE STATION — a cut carrying it may only be set out at the Office');
+    // Said "may only be set out at the Office", which reads as a place you can do it. You cannot:
+    // §A.4 refuses the Office square outright, so the coach can never be set out anywhere — which
+    // is why the make-up order decides whether this train can switch at all.
+    parts.push(
+      'THE COACH IS NEVER SET OUT — so keep it OFF the outer end of the train, or nothing can come ' +
+        'off at all. Add the coach before the freight car when making up.',
+    );
   }
   if (p.rules.oneFreightPerLocation) {
     parts.push('ONE FREIGHT CAR PER LOCATION — dropped or picked up, one each square per turn');
@@ -1276,7 +1427,18 @@ export function trainRules(t: {
     parts.push('STOPS ONCE FOR SPEECHES, then runs expedited from its next Office onward');
   }
 
-  if (p.rules.expedite) parts.push('EXPEDITED — it departs in the same Stage it arrives (§7)');
+  if (p.rules.expedite) {
+    // The single most-asked question in play — "why did that train leave before I could switch it?"
+    // — so it names the phases rather than the Stage. It stands through Cargo and goes at the end of
+    // the Stage, which is after the Porters and Laborers but before the next Local Operations.
+    parts.push(
+      'EXPEDITED — it does not lay over. It stands through the Cargo phase and departs at the END OF ' +
+        'THE STAGE IT ARRIVES IN, so Porters and Laborers can work it but it is normally gone before ' +
+        'your next Local Operations turn and cannot be switched. UNLESS §8.1 wants a clearance ruling ' +
+        'at that moment: there is no Superintendent in Supervisor Shift to give one, so the train ' +
+        'stays and runs like any other from then on.',
+    );
+  }
   if (p.rules.stopEarnsPoint) parts.push('EARNS A POINT for one Stage spent standing still, once');
   return parts.join(' · ');
 }
@@ -1369,7 +1531,7 @@ function cellDescription(card: TrackCard, officeName: string, onRunning: boolean
       const where = onRunning
         ? ' · ON THE RUNNING TRACK — industries belong on a stub; a car left standing here is hit by the next arrival'
         : '';
-      return `${flow} ${p.carTypes.join('/')} · spot a matching car on its siding to work a load${progress}${where}`;
+      return `${flow} ${p.carTypes.join('/')} · spot a matching car on its track to work a load${progress}${where}`;
     }
     case 'track':
       switch (g.geometry) {
@@ -1544,24 +1706,35 @@ function countStock(
  * Only while a switching turn is actually running and only while Moves remain: a highlight that
  * survives into the Cargo phase is an invitation to click something that is no longer offered.
  *
- * One crew. Solitaire has one, and with more the answer would depend on which is selected — a
- * question the page does not yet ask.
+ * EVERY crew in the district, each with its own squares. It used to return the first one it found,
+ * which is the same thing in solitaire's opening but not once a train is standing at the Office
+ * while a local shunts: the board then drew one crew's reachable squares and the action list offered
+ * both crews' moves, so half the highlights belonged to a train the player was not moving.
  */
 function switchingMoves(s: GameState, player: PlayerIndex): Frame['moves'] {
   const turn = turnOf(s, player);
-  if (s.clock.phase !== 'localOps' || turn.option !== 'switch') return null;
-  if (turn.movesRemaining < 1) return null;
+  if (s.clock.phase !== 'localOps' || turn.option !== 'switch') return [];
+  if (turn.movesRemaining < 1) return [];
+  const out: Frame['moves'] = [];
   for (const [id, tray] of s.trays) {
     if (tray.position.at !== 'grid' || tray.position.seat !== seatOf(s, player)) continue;
+    /**
+     * A crew that may not switch is not a crew you can be switching.
+     *
+     * `movesFor` is pure track geometry — it answers where a train COULD roll — and six cards print
+     * "no switching", which `check` enforces and it does not. Offering the Circus Train in a "which
+     * train are you switching?" row is offering a train whose every move the rules refuse.
+     */
+    if (trainProfile(tray.trainNumber ?? 0, tray.trainIsExtra)?.rules.noSwitching) continue;
     const { to, blocked } = movesFor(s, player, id);
-    return { from: tray.position.coord, to, blocked };
+    out.push({ trayId: id, label: trainName(s, id), from: tray.position.coord, to, blocked });
   }
-  return null;
+  return out;
 }
 
 function trainChip(s: GameState, id: string): TrainChip {
   const t = s.trays.get(id);
-  if (!t) return { label: id, consist: [], cars: [], engineAt: 0, facing: 'e' };
+  if (!t) return { label: id, consist: [], cars: [], engineAt: 0, facing: 'e', what: '' };
   /**
    * The engine is drawn IN the consist, at the position it occupies.
    *
@@ -1579,7 +1752,8 @@ function trainChip(s: GameState, id: string): TrainChip {
     consist: seated,
     cars,
     engineAt: at,
-    facing: t.facing ?? (t.direction === 'west' ? 'w' : 'e'),
+    facing: railFacingOf(t),
+    what: t.trainNumber === null ? 'A local crew — no timetable, no card, no special rules.' : trainRules(t),
   };
 }
 

src/web/game.ts

@@ -42,8 +42,15 @@ import {
   trainName,
   variantLabel,
 } from '../sim/view.ts';
-import { HAND_LIMIT, mainlineProfile, trainProfile } from '../engine/content.ts';
-import type { Hand, TrackGeometry } from '../engine/content.ts';
+import {
+  DEFAULT_HOUSE_RULES,
+  HAND_LIMIT,
+  LEGACY_HOUSE_RULES,
+  houseRules,
+  mainlineProfile,
+  trainProfile,
+} from '../engine/content.ts';
+import type { Hand, HouseRuleOverrides, TrackGeometry } from '../engine/content.ts';
 import type { Port } from '../engine/track.ts';
 import { connectionsFor, joins, neighbour, variantsFor } from '../engine/track.ts';
 import { areaOf, trainNeedingCars } from '../engine/apply.ts';
@@ -59,8 +66,16 @@ export const SOLO_CONFIG: GameConfig = {
     employeeRotation: false,
     emergencyToolbox: false,
   },
+  // Spelt out rather than left to fall through, so a save written by the page always names the rules
+  // it was played under — see `Save.rules`.
+  houseRules: DEFAULT_HOUSE_RULES,
 };
 
+/** The same config with the New Game dialog's answers in it. */
+export function configWith(rules: HouseRuleOverrides): GameConfig {
+  return { ...SOLO_CONFIG, houseRules: houseRules({ houseRules: rules }) };
+}
+
 /** A group of legal actions of one kind, ready to put on screen. */
 export type ActionGroup = {
   kind: string;
@@ -116,6 +131,12 @@ export type Game = {
    * clear it when the card is played — no element carries the class once the card leaves the hand.
    */
   justDrawn: CardId | null;
+  /**
+   * A one-line announcement to flash, once. Drained like `scheduled` rather than read like `Frame`,
+   * because it marks a MOMENT — the only event in the game that scores for everybody without anyone
+   * having taken a turn to cause it.
+   */
+  announced: string | null;
 };
 
 /** How each intent kind is introduced in the action list, in the order they should appear. */
@@ -150,7 +171,7 @@ export const SOLO_PLAYER = 'Solitaire';
 
 export function newGame(seed: number, config: GameConfig = SOLO_CONFIG): Game {
   const state = createGame({ id: `web-${seed}`, seed, config, playerNames: [SOLO_PLAYER] });
-  const game: Game = { state, seed, history: [], log: [], mustPlayCard: false, cues: [], scheduled: null, justDrawn: null };
+  const game: Game = { state, seed, history: [], log: [], mustPlayCard: false, cues: [], scheduled: null, justDrawn: null, announced: null };
   // A history that opens mid-Stage reads as though something was missed. Say what the game IS
   // first, then let the clock take over.
   game.log.push({ text: 'Game Begins', tone: 'start' });
@@ -183,25 +204,85 @@ export function actionGroups(game: Game): { options: Intent[]; groups: ActionGro
   if (actor === null) return { options: [], groups: [] };
 
   const options = legalActions(game.state, actor);
-  const byKind = new Map<string, { index: number; label: string; tip?: string }[]>();
+  /**
+   * Entries carry the crew they belong to, rather than it being encoded into the map key.
+   *
+   * An earlier version keyed this map by `type + separator + trayId`, which worked and was a
+   * standing invitation: the key is also what `GROUP_ORDER` prefix-matches on, so the separator had
+   * to survive every edit to a line nobody would think to check. One stray byte and every crew's
+   * moves silently collapsed back into a single group. The tray is data; it travels as data.
+   */
+  type Entry = { index: number; label: string; tip?: string; trayId?: string };
+  const byKind = new Map<string, Entry[]>();
   options.forEach((intent, index) => {
     const label = describeIntent(game.state, intent);
+    const trayId = 'trayId' in intent ? intent.trayId : undefined;
     const list = byKind.get(intent.type) ?? [];
     const cardId = 'cardId' in intent ? (intent as { cardId: string }).cardId : null;
     const tip = cardId ? cardDescription(game.state, cardId) : undefined;
-    // Orientation variants and duplicate copies describe identically; showing one is enough, and a
-    // list of forty identical rows hides the real choice rather than presenting it.
-    if (!list.some((a) => a.label === label)) list.push({ index, label, ...(tip ? { tip } : {}) });
+    /**
+     * Identical labels are collapsed, which is right for forty copies of the same track rotation and
+     * wrong for two different trains: "move to (0, 2)" describes Train 8's move and the local crew's
+     * move identically, so one of them was silently dropped and could not be chosen at all. Matching
+     * on the crew as well makes the de-duplication per crew, which is what it always meant.
+     */
+    if (!list.some((a) => a.label === label && a.trayId === trayId)) {
+      list.push({ index, label, ...(tip ? { tip } : {}), ...(trayId ? { trayId } : {}) });
+    }
     byKind.set(intent.type, list);
   });
 
+  /** Groups take the plain shape; the crew was only ever needed to split them. */
+  const plain = (entries: Entry[]): ActionGroup['actions'] =>
+    entries.map(({ index, label, tip }) => ({ index, label, ...(tip ? { tip } : {}) }));
+
   const groups: ActionGroup[] = [];
   const used = new Set<string>();
   for (const { prefix, title } of GROUP_ORDER) {
     const kinds = [...byKind.keys()].filter((k) => k.startsWith(prefix) && !used.has(k));
+
+    /**
+     * ONE GROUP PER CREW, NAMED — because more than one train can be switching in a district.
+     *
+     * Reported from play: with two crews on the board, every move from both of them arrived in a
+     * single "Switching" list of bare coordinates, and there was no way to tell which train a button
+     * belonged to. Naming the train in the heading rather than on every button keeps the buttons
+     * short, and the crew's own square is in the heading so the list can be matched to the board.
+     *
+     * `switch.end` carries no tray and is the whole turn rather than one crew's, so it keeps its own
+     * heading at the bottom.
+     */
+    if (prefix === 'switch.') {
+      const perCrew = new Map<string, Entry[]>();
+      const loose: Entry[] = [];
+      for (const k of kinds) {
+        used.add(k);
+        for (const entry of byKind.get(k) ?? []) {
+          if (entry.trayId === undefined) loose.push(entry);
+          else perCrew.set(entry.trayId, [...(perCrew.get(entry.trayId) ?? []), entry]);
+        }
+      }
+      for (const [trayId, entries] of perCrew) {
+        const tray = game.state.trays.get(trayId);
+        const where =
+          tray?.position.at === 'grid'
+            ? `, standing at (${tray.position.coord.row}, ${tray.position.coord.col})`
+            : '';
+        groups.push({
+          kind: prefix,
+          title: `Switching ${trainName(game.state, trayId)}${where}`,
+          actions: plain(entries),
+        });
+      }
+      // `switch.end` belongs to the TURN rather than to any one crew, so it gets its own heading —
+      // "Switching" over a lone "End Local Operations" reads as a crew with nothing it can do.
+      if (loose.length > 0) groups.push({ kind: prefix, title: 'Finish', actions: plain(loose) });
+      continue;
+    }
+
     const actions = kinds.flatMap((k) => {
       used.add(k);
-      return byKind.get(k) ?? [];
+      return plain(byKind.get(k) ?? []);
     });
     if (actions.length > 0) {
       // The New Train group names the TRAIN and what its card calls for. Without it, Extra X22
@@ -211,8 +292,44 @@ export function actionGroups(game: Game): { options: Intent[]; groups: ActionGro
       // The tray the phase is waiting on, so the heading names the train the yard chips will load
       // rather than whichever tray happened to come first out of the map.
       const filling = prefix === 'newTrain.' ? trainNeedingCars(game.state) : null;
-      const headed = filling !== null ? (consistTitle(game, filling) ?? title) : title;
-      groups.push({ kind: prefix, title: headed, actions });
+      let headed = filling !== null ? (consistTitle(game, filling) ?? title) : title;
+
+      /**
+       * THE RULING NAMES ITS TRAINS IN THE HEADING TOO.
+       *
+       * "rule on this train" was the only thing said in plain sight about the §8.1 clearance, and
+       * "this train" is exactly the part the Superintendent has to know. The pending decision holds
+       * both trays, so the heading can ask the actual question.
+       */
+      if (prefix === 'mainline.clearance') {
+        const pending = game.state.clock.pendingDecision;
+        if (pending) {
+          headed =
+            `Superintendent — may ${trainName(game.state, pending.train)} follow ` +
+            `${trainName(game.state, pending.occupiedBy)} onto the same Mainline card?`;
+        }
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * A PENDING EXTRA IS ITS OWN QUESTION, and its own heading.
+       *
+       * "Where does this Extra start?" arrived in the same `newTrain.` group as "which car goes on
+       * this train", under whichever heading the group happened to have — and with no tray being
+       * filled there is no train to name, so it read "Making up the train" over a choice about a
+       * different train entirely. Split out, and headed with the Extra's own card: it is about to
+       * run, and what it may carry is the thing the player needs before choosing where to put it.
+       */
+      const extras = actions.filter((a) => options[a.index]?.type === 'newTrain.startExtra');
+      const rest = actions.filter((a) => options[a.index]?.type !== 'newTrain.startExtra');
+      if (extras.length > 0) {
+        const number = (options[extras[0]!.index] as { trainNumber: number }).trainNumber;
+        groups.push({
+          kind: prefix,
+          title: `${trainCardTitle(number, true) ?? title} — choose where it starts`,
+          actions: extras,
+        });
+      }
+      if (rest.length > 0) groups.push({ kind: prefix, title: headed, actions: rest });
     }
   }
   // Anything the table above does not name still has to be offered — silently dropping a legal
@@ -320,7 +437,17 @@ export type Menu = {
    * is already on screen showing exactly those cars by type and load state. The yard is the surface;
    * these key each chip to the option that adds it.
    */
-  makeUp: { trayId: string; title: string; cars: MakeUpAction[]; pass: number | null } | null;
+  makeUp: {
+    trayId: string;
+    title: string;
+    cars: MakeUpAction[];
+    pass: number | null;
+    /**
+     * The order to add the cars in, when the order decides whether the train can work at all.
+     * Absent for every train where it does not matter, which is nearly all of them.
+     */
+    advice: { text: string; tone: 'hint' | 'warn' } | null;
+  } | null;
 };
 
 /** The action list as the page shows it: direct actions, plus subject-then-location for the rest. */
@@ -446,6 +573,7 @@ export function actionMenu(game: Game, seat: PlayerIndex = 0): Menu {
           title: consistTitle(game, filling) ?? 'Making up the train',
           cars: makeUpCars,
           pass,
+          advice: makeUpAdvice(game, filling, makeUpCars),
         }
       : null;
 
@@ -591,7 +719,18 @@ function joinsNote(
 function consistTitle(game: Game, trayId: string): string | null {
   const tray = game.state.trays.get(trayId);
   if (!tray) return null;
-  const p = trainProfile(tray.trainNumber ?? 0, tray.trainIsExtra);
+  return trainCardTitle(tray.trainNumber ?? 0, tray.trainIsExtra);
+}
+
+/**
+ * "Making up Extra X22 “Pee-Dee”: its card calls for 1 caboose — Per-diem train…"
+ *
+ * Taken by NUMBER rather than by tray, because a pending Extra has no Crew Tray yet — it is waiting
+ * for the player to say where it starts, and that heading has to name the train just as much as the
+ * one over a train being loaded does.
+ */
+function trainCardTitle(number: number, isExtra: boolean): string | null {
+  const p = trainProfile(number, isExtra);
   if (!p) return null;
 
   const parts: string[] = [];
@@ -607,6 +746,91 @@ function consistTitle(game: Game, trayId: string): string | null {
   return `Making up ${name}: its card calls for ${calls}${note}`;
 }
 
+/**
+ * THE ORDER YOU ADD THE CARS IN CAN DECIDE WHETHER THE TRAIN CAN EVER SWITCH.
+ *
+ * Only trains 7/8 Local, and only because of the rule printed on them: "coach must remain on
+ * station track if switching", which the engine reads as "the coach is never set out". A cut always
+ * comes off an OUTER end, so if the coach is on one outer end and the engine is on the other, every
+ * cut on offer contains the coach and the train is locked — it cannot set out its freight car, and
+ * it cannot even uncouple to run around, because that means leaving the coach standing too. Measured
+ * over 60 games: 1,181 positions where a set-out should have been possible, every one refused.
+ *
+ * Cars are appended as they are clicked and the engine stays on the nose, so the make-up reads
+ * ENGINE, first car, second car — and the LAST car added is the one on the outer end. Hence the
+ * whole of the advice: do not let the coach be last.
+ *
+ *   ENGINE coach boxcar   the boxcar is on the outer end and can be set out
+ *   ENGINE boxcar coach   locked — nothing can ever come off
+ *
+ * Said here rather than left to the player to discover, because the dead end is invisible until the
+ * train is out on the district with no button to press and no explanation for it.
+ */
+function makeUpAdvice(
+  game: Game,
+  trayId: string,
+  cars: readonly MakeUpAction[],
+): { text: string; tone: 'hint' | 'warn' } | null {
+  const tray = game.state.trays.get(trayId);
+  if (!tray) return null;
+  if (!trainProfile(tray.trainNumber ?? 0, tray.trainIsExtra)?.rules.coachStaysOnStationTrack) return null;
+
+  const hasCoach = tray.consist.some((c) => c.type === 'coach');
+  const lastIsCoach = tray.consist[tray.consist.length - 1]?.type === 'coach';
+  // Nothing to say about a coach that is not coming: the Division Yard may hold none, and a Local
+  // made up of freight alone switches perfectly well.
+  const coachToCome = cars.some((c) => c.carType === 'coach');
+  if (!hasCoach && !coachToCome) return null;
+
+  /**
+   * The coach is on the outer end — which is where it lands the moment it goes on, including for a
+   * player who has just correctly put it on first. So the tone turns on whether it can still be
+   * fixed: while a freight car is there to add, this is the NEXT STEP and not a mistake, and
+   * colouring it as a mistake punishes the player for taking the advice.
+   */
+  if (lastIsCoach) {
+    const freightToCome = cars.some((c) => c.carType !== 'coach');
+    return freightToCome
+      ? {
+          tone: 'hint',
+          text:
+            'Now add the freight car — it takes the outer end, leaving the coach safely inside. Sent out ' +
+            'as it stands, with the coach on the outer end, this train would not be able to set anything ' +
+            'out at all.',
+        }
+      : {
+          tone: 'warn',
+          text:
+            'The coach is on the outer end and there is nothing left to add that would take that end off ' +
+            'it. This train may never set its coach out, so it will not be able to set anything out at ' +
+            'all — not even to uncouple for a run-around.',
+        };
+  }
+
+  if (!hasCoach) {
+    // Nothing on yet, so the good order is still free.
+    if (tray.consist.length === 0) {
+      return {
+        tone: 'hint',
+        text:
+          'Add the coach FIRST. This train may never set its coach out, and the last car added is the one ' +
+          'on the outer end — so a coach added last blocks the freight car in behind it and the train can ' +
+          'never switch. ENGINE, coach, freight is the order that works.',
+      };
+    }
+    // Freight is already on, so a coach added now can only land on the outer end. Saying "add the
+    // coach first" here would be advice it is too late to take.
+    return {
+      tone: 'warn',
+      text:
+        'The freight car is already on, so a coach added now would land on the outer end — and this train ' +
+        'may never set its coach out, which would leave it unable to switch at all. Send it out without ' +
+        'the coach if you want it to work the district.',
+    };
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
 /**
  * §6.2 — "the player must reduce his hand to no more than three cards", four while a Red Flag is
  * held. The same test the engine applies to `draw.end`, asked here so the page can DISABLE the
@@ -685,6 +909,15 @@ function record(game: Game, events: GameEvent[], actor: PlayerIndex | null = nul
   for (const e of events) if (e.type === 'trainScheduled') game.scheduled = e.slot;
   // Which card just came into hand, so the row can badge it. Last one wins for the same reason.
   for (const e of events) if (e.type === 'cardDrawn') game.justDrawn = e.cardId;
+  // A train that ran the whole Division pays EVERY player, and nobody did anything on this turn to
+  // make it happen — so it is announced rather than left to be found in the log.
+  for (const e of events) {
+    if (e.type === 'trainCompleted') {
+      game.announced =
+        `Train ${e.isExtra ? 'X' : ''}${e.trainNumber} has completed its run, leaving via the ` +
+        `${e.side === 'east' ? 'Eastern' : 'Western'} Division Point. All players get 1 Revenue.`;
+    }
+  }
   // Keep the log bounded; the full history lives in `history` and can be replayed.
   if (game.log.length > 400) game.log.splice(0, game.log.length - 400);
 }
@@ -693,10 +926,31 @@ function record(game: Game, events: GameEvent[], actor: PlayerIndex | null = nul
 // Saving — seed plus intents, replayed
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-export type Save = { seed: number; history: Intent[] };
+/**
+ * A save is a seed, the house rules it was dealt under, and the intents submitted.
+ *
+ * `rules` is optional because saves written before the New Game dialog existed do not have it, and
+ * those replay under `LEGACY_HOUSE_RULES` — see `configFor`. Everything written from now on carries
+ * its rules, so a save can never again be silently re-dealt by a change of default.
+ */
+export type Save = { seed: number; history: Intent[]; rules?: HouseRuleOverrides };
 
 export function toSave(game: Game): Save {
-  return { seed: game.seed, history: game.history };
+  const rules = game.state.config.houseRules;
+  return rules ? { seed: game.seed, history: game.history, rules } : { seed: game.seed, history: game.history };
+}
+
+/**
+ * THE CONFIG A SAVE MUST BE REPLAYED UNDER, which is not necessarily today's default.
+ *
+ * A save is a seed and a list of intents: replay it under different rules and it is a different
+ * game, and the symptom is not an error but a replay that quietly stops early. `TODO.md` records
+ * that happening twice unnoticed, once 42 intents into 360. So a save that names its rules gets
+ * exactly those, and a save that names none is from before the dialog and gets the rules that were
+ * in force then — never the current defaults.
+ */
+function configFor(save: Save, config: GameConfig): GameConfig {
+  return { ...config, houseRules: save.rules ?? LEGACY_HOUSE_RULES };
 }
 
 /**
@@ -721,7 +975,9 @@ export function toSave(game: Game): Save {
  */
 export function undo(game: Game, config: GameConfig = SOLO_CONFIG): Game | null {
   if (game.history.length === 0) return null;
-  return fromSave({ seed: game.seed, history: game.history.slice(0, -1) }, config);
+  // `toSave` first, so the rules this game was dealt under come with it. Rebuilding the save by hand
+  // here dropped them, and undo re-dealt the game under the defaults instead of its own settings.
+  return fromSave({ ...toSave(game), history: game.history.slice(0, -1) }, config);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -732,7 +988,7 @@ export function undo(game: Game, config: GameConfig = SOLO_CONFIG): Game | null
  * stops the replay rather than being forced — better a short game than a corrupt one.
  */
 export function fromSave(save: Save, config: GameConfig = SOLO_CONFIG): Game {
-  const game = newGame(save.seed, config);
+  const game = newGame(save.seed, configFor(save, config));
   for (const intent of save.history) {
     const actor = currentActor(game);
     if (actor === null) break;

src/web/main.ts

@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ import type { Menu, Save } from './game.ts';
 import { PANEL_CSS, blockedHtml, facilitiesHtml, pilesHtml, timetableHtml, yardHtml } from './panels.ts';
 import { TOOLTIP_CSS, installTooltips } from './tooltip.ts';
 import { playCue } from './sound.ts';
-import { MOVES_PER_LOCAL_OPS } from '../engine/content.ts';
+import { MOVES_PER_LOCAL_OPS, STARTING_HAND_LABELS, houseRules } from '../engine/content.ts';
+import type { HouseRuleOverrides, HouseRules, RevenueRules, StartingHand } from '../engine/content.ts';
 import type { LocalSession } from './session.ts';
 import { createLocalSession } from './session.ts';
 
@@ -68,8 +69,27 @@ let soundOn = false;
  * ended or what happened in between. Reported exactly that way.
  */
 let lastPhase: string | null = null;
+/**
+ * WHICH CREW THE BOARD IS DRAWING, when the district holds more than one.
+ *
+ * Reported from play: "make it clear which train you are switching — it is possible to have more
+ * than one train available." A train standing on an A/D track while a local shunts is ordinary, and
+ * the board used to highlight whichever crew came first out of the map while the action list offered
+ * every crew's moves under one heading.
+ *
+ * Display state, deliberately not in the game: which train a player is looking at is not a fact
+ * about the railroad, and in a multiplayer game two players may reasonably be looking at different
+ * ones. Cleared whenever the named crew stops being one of the choices.
+ */
+let selectedCrew: string | null = null;
 const FOCUS_PHASES = new Set(['localOps', 'loadUnload']);
 
+/** The crew whose squares the board is drawing: the chosen one, or the only one there is. */
+function pickedCrew(f: Frame): Frame['moves'][number] | null {
+  if (f.moves.length === 0) return null;
+  return f.moves.find((m) => m.trayId === selectedCrew) ?? f.moves[0] ?? null;
+}
+
 const $ = (id: string): HTMLElement => {
   const el = document.getElementById(id);
   if (!el) throw new Error(`missing element: ${id}`);
@@ -112,14 +132,73 @@ function renderTurnChart(f: Frame): void {
   $('turnchart').innerHTML = turnChartHtml(f, actorName);
 }
 
+/**
+ * The settings this game was dealt under, beside the seed, because the seed alone does not name it.
+ *
+ * Abbreviated to fit a header that must not wrap — `3 cards · 1/1/0` — with the whole of it in the
+ * tooltip. Written down at all because a playtest note is worthless without it: "scored 4" means one
+ * thing at 1 Revenue per transit and another at 5.
+ */
+function renderHouseRules(rules: HouseRules): void {
+  const { passengerPerCoach: pax, freightPerLoad: frt, trainPerTransit: trn } = rules.revenue;
+  const short = { threeRandom: '3 cards', sixRandom: '6 cards', threeTrackThreeOther: '3+3 cards' };
+  const el = $('houserules');
+  el.textContent = `· ${short[rules.startingHand]} · ${pax}/${frt}/${trn}`;
+  const handWords = STARTING_HAND_LABELS.find((o) => o.value === rules.startingHand)?.label ?? '';
+  el.title =
+    `Opening hand: ${handWords.toLowerCase()}.\n` +
+    `Passenger revenue per coach: ${pax} (paid on boarding and again on detraining).\n` +
+    `Freight revenue per load: ${frt} (paid on loading and again on unloading).\n` +
+    `Train revenue per transit: ${trn} (paid to every player when a train leaves the Division).`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * THE HOUSE RULES TRAVEL IN THE URL, BESIDE THE SEED.
+ *
+ * A seed on its own no longer names a game: `?seed=430` dealt three random cards is a different
+ * railroad from `?seed=430` dealt three track and three other, and at 0 Revenue per transit it is a
+ * different economy again. The link has to carry all of it or "same link, same deal" stops being
+ * true — and the New Game dialog navigates by URL, so this is also how its answers reach `start()`.
+ *
+ * Absent parameters mean the DEFAULTS, not the legacy rules: a bare `?seed=430` is a new game at
+ * today's settings. It is a save with no rules in it that is old (`game.ts`, `configFor`).
+ */
+const RULE_PARAMS = { passenger: 'passengerPerCoach', freight: 'freightPerLoad', transit: 'trainPerTransit' } as const;
+
+function rulesFromUrl(params: URLSearchParams): HouseRuleOverrides {
+  const rules: HouseRuleOverrides = {};
+  const hand = params.get('hand');
+  if (STARTING_HAND_LABELS.some((o) => o.value === hand)) rules.startingHand = hand as StartingHand;
+
+  const revenue: Partial<RevenueRules> = {};
+  for (const [param, key] of Object.entries(RULE_PARAMS)) {
+    const raw = params.get(param);
+    // `houseRules()` clamps and rounds, so anything hand-edited into the URL lands in range rather
+    // than dealing a game at 900 Revenue a coach.
+    if (raw !== null && raw.trim() !== '' && Number.isFinite(Number(raw))) revenue[key] = Number(raw);
+  }
+  if (Object.keys(revenue).length > 0) rules.revenue = revenue;
+  return rules;
+}
+
+function rulesToUrl(rules: HouseRules, seed: string): string {
+  const params = new URLSearchParams();
+  if (seed !== '') params.set('seed', seed);
+  params.set('hand', rules.startingHand);
+  for (const [param, key] of Object.entries(RULE_PARAMS)) params.set(param, String(rules.revenue[key]));
+  return `?${params}`;
+}
+
 function start(): void {
   const params = new URLSearchParams(location.search);
   const requested = params.get('seed');
 
   // A seed in the URL makes a game shareable and reproducible: same link, same deal.
   const seed = requested !== null ? Number(requested) || 1 : Math.floor(Math.random() * 1e9);
-  session = createLocalSession(seed);
+  session = createLocalSession(seed, rulesFromUrl(params));
 
+  // A saved game carries its OWN rules and re-deals itself under them, whatever the URL says — see
+  // `configFor`. That is why the restore happens after the session is built rather than feeding it.
   const saved = load();
   if (saved && requested === null) session.restore(saved);
 
@@ -185,6 +264,7 @@ function render(): void {
   obj.textContent = `${f.revenue} of ${f.objective.target} · ${f.objective.daysLeft} Day${f.objective.daysLeft === 1 ? '' : 's'} left`;
   obj.className = 'pace';
   $('seed').textContent = String(session.seed());
+  renderHouseRules(f.houseRules);
 
   // -- division
   $('division').innerHTML = divisionSvg(f.division);
@@ -250,14 +330,20 @@ function render(): void {
    * WHERE IT IS, WHERE IT MAY GO, AND WHY NOT THE REST. A blocked card carries its reason in its own
    * tooltip, so "why can I not get into that industry?" is answered by hovering the industry.
    */
-  if (f.moves && !forPlay) {
-    const here = grid.querySelector(`g[data-cell="${f.moves.from.row},${f.moves.from.col}"]`);
+  /**
+   * ONE CREW'S SQUARES AT A TIME. Drawing every crew's reachable squares at once is worse than
+   * drawing one crew's: the highlights merge into a single blob and stop meaning "here is where
+   * THIS train can go", which is the whole reason they are on the board.
+   */
+  const crew = pickedCrew(f);
+  if (crew && !forPlay) {
+    const here = grid.querySelector(`g[data-cell="${crew.from.row},${crew.from.col}"]`);
     if (here) here.classList.add('bs-from');
-    for (const c of f.moves.to) {
+    for (const c of crew.to) {
       const g = grid.querySelector(`g[data-cell="${c.row},${c.col}"]`);
       if (g) g.classList.add('bs-focus');
     }
-    for (const b of f.moves.blocked) {
+    for (const b of crew.blocked) {
       const g = grid.querySelector(`g[data-cell="${b.coord.row},${b.coord.col}"]`);
       if (!g) continue;
       // Two different things wearing two different marks. A turnout you cannot STOP on is not in
@@ -459,6 +545,20 @@ function render(): void {
   }
   lastPhase = f.phaseKey;
 
+  /**
+   * A train completing its run pays every player and nobody took a turn to cause it, so it is said
+   * out loud rather than left in the log. Drained, so it shows once and does not re-fire on a redraw.
+   */
+  const announcement = session.takeAnnouncement();
+  if (announcement) {
+    const el = $('announce');
+    el.textContent = announcement;
+    el.className = 'shown';
+    window.setTimeout(() => {
+      if (el.textContent === announcement) el.className = '';
+    }, 4200);
+  }
+
   renderDistrict(f);
   renderActions(menu, f, justSet);
   renderUndo();
@@ -636,6 +736,26 @@ function renderActions(
   // no worker able to act, the only thing offered is "End my Cargo phase".
   let html = `<h3 class="actions-hd">Actions</h3>${scheduledNote}${movesNote}`;
 
+  /**
+   * WHICH TRAIN AM I SWITCHING? Only asked when there is more than one crew to be switching, so a
+   * solitaire opening — one crew, no ambiguity — is unchanged. The chosen one is the crew whose
+   * reachable squares the board draws, so this row and the highlights are the same statement.
+   */
+  if (f.moves.length > 1) {
+    const chosen = pickedCrew(f);
+    html +=
+      `<div class="grp crewpick"><h3>Which train are you switching?</h3>` +
+      f.moves
+        .map(
+          (m) =>
+            `<button class="act crew${m.trayId === chosen?.trayId ? ' on' : ''}" data-crew="${esc(m.trayId)}" ` +
+            `data-tip="Draw this crew's reachable squares on the board, and show its moves below. ${esc(m.label)} is standing at (${m.from.row}, ${m.from.col}) with ${m.to.length} square${m.to.length === 1 ? '' : 's'} it can reach.">` +
+            `${esc(m.label)} <span class="dim">(${m.from.row}, ${m.from.col})</span></button>`,
+        )
+        .join('') +
+      `</div>`;
+  }
+
   /**
    * WHAT IS LEFT IN THE ACTION LIST.
    *
@@ -682,6 +802,17 @@ function renderActions(
           ? 'The Division Yard is bare, so there is nothing to add. Send the train out as it stands.'
           : 'Nothing in the Division Yard may join this train, and §7 does not allow passing while the yard holds cars.') +
       `</div>` +
+      /**
+       * WHICH ORDER TO ADD THEM IN, when the order is what decides whether the train can work.
+       *
+       * Only ever present for a train the order can lock — 7/8 Local — so this is not a standing
+       * caption a player learns to skip. Reported from play as "I can't drop a car at all": the
+       * Local made up ENGINE, freight, coach cannot set anything out for the rest of the game, and
+       * nothing on screen said so until the crew was out on the district with no button to press.
+       */
+      (menu.makeUp.advice
+        ? `<div class="makeup-advice ${menu.makeUp.advice.tone}">${esc(menu.makeUp.advice.text)}</div>`
+        : '') +
       (menu.makeUp.pass !== null
         ? `<button class="act" data-i="${menu.makeUp.pass}" data-tip="§8.2 — a train may depart with FEWER cars than its card lists, but never with the wrong ones. This sends it out as it stands.">no more cars — send it out</button>`
         : '') +
@@ -742,7 +873,15 @@ function renderActions(
 
   for (const b of Array.from(el.querySelectorAll('button.act'))) {
     const node = b as HTMLElement;
-    node.onclick = () => apply(Number(node.dataset['i']));
+    // The crew buttons choose what the board draws; they submit nothing, so they must not fall
+    // through to `apply` with an undefined index.
+    const crewId = node.dataset['crew'];
+    node.onclick = crewId
+      ? () => {
+          selectedCrew = crewId;
+          render();
+        }
+      : () => apply(Number(node.dataset['i']));
   }
 }
 
@@ -814,35 +953,76 @@ if (saveBtn) saveBtn.onclick = downloadSave;
  * steps back one action at a time, but nothing brings back a game that has been dealt over, and the
  * replay download is right beside it.
  *
- * `location.search = ''` rather than a direct re-render, so a `?seed=` in the URL goes too — leaving
- * it would deal the same game again and look like the button had done nothing.
+ * Navigating rather than re-rendering, so a stale `?seed=` in the URL goes too — leaving it would
+ * deal the same game again and look like the button had done nothing.
  */
 const newBtn = document.getElementById('newgame');
-if (newBtn) {
+const dlg = document.getElementById('newgamedlg') as HTMLDialogElement | null;
+if (newBtn && dlg) {
+  const field = <T extends HTMLElement>(id: string): T => document.getElementById(id) as T;
+
+  /**
+   * ASK FOR ALL THREE, rather than documenting URL parameters in the title bar.
+   *
+   * It asked for the seed alone, through `prompt()`. The opening hand and the three revenue rates
+   * were constants in the source, so trying a variation meant an edit and a rebuild — and balance is
+   * the open question this game has (`TODO.md`). A dialog is what lets a playtest be a playtest.
+   *
+   * The dialog OPENS ON THE RULES IN PLAY rather than on the defaults: dealing a second game to
+   * compare against the first is the common case, and re-entering four settings each time is how a
+   * comparison silently stops comparing.
+   */
   newBtn.onclick = () => {
     const f = session.view();
     const day = f.day;
     const started = f.status === 'active' && (day > 1 || f.stage > 1);
     if (started && !confirm(`Forget this game (seed ${session.seed()}, Day ${day}) and deal a new one?`)) return;
-    /**
-     * ASK FOR THE SEED, rather than documenting a URL parameter in the title bar.
-     *
-     * The same deal can be replayed, shared or compared by seed, which is worth offering — it was
-     * offered as the note "add ?seed=1234 for a set deal", which spent width on the one line that
-     * must not wrap to explain a thing the button could simply ask. Blank means random.
-     */
-    const asked = prompt('Seed for the new game — leave blank for a random one:', '');
-    if (asked === null) return; // cancelled
-    clearSave();
-    const wanted = asked.trim();
-    if (wanted === '') {
-      // No `?seed=`, so `start()` rolls one. Reload rather than re-render, to clear any seed in the URL.
-      if (location.search === '') location.reload();
-      else location.search = '';
-      return;
+
+    const current = session.view().houseRules;
+    field<HTMLInputElement>('ng-seed').value = '';
+    for (const input of dlg.querySelectorAll<HTMLInputElement>('input[name="ng-hand"]')) {
+      input.checked = input.value === current.startingHand;
     }
-    location.search = `?seed=${encodeURIComponent(wanted)}`;
+    field<HTMLInputElement>('ng-passenger').value = String(current.revenue.passengerPerCoach);
+    field<HTMLInputElement>('ng-freight').value = String(current.revenue.freightPerLoad);
+    field<HTMLInputElement>('ng-transit').value = String(current.revenue.trainPerTransit);
+    dlg.showModal();
   };
+
+  /**
+   * One handler for every way the dialog can close — the Deal button, the Cancel button, and Esc,
+   * which `<dialog>` answers with an empty `returnValue` and no submit event at all.
+   *
+   * The answers go into the URL and the page navigates, which is the same path `?seed=` already
+   * took: `start()` reads them back, so there is exactly one place that turns a URL into a game.
+   */
+  dlg.addEventListener('close', () => {
+    if (dlg.returnValue !== 'deal') return;
+
+    const asked = field<HTMLInputElement>('ng-seed').value.trim();
+    // A seed the browser cannot parse is not a reason to refuse to deal — blank and unparseable
+    // both mean "surprise me", which is what leaving the box alone plainly asks for.
+    const seed = asked === '' || !Number.isFinite(Number(asked)) ? '' : String(Math.trunc(Number(asked)));
+    const picked = dlg.querySelector<HTMLInputElement>('input[name="ng-hand"]:checked')?.value;
+    const rules = houseRules({
+      houseRules: {
+        ...(STARTING_HAND_LABELS.some((o) => o.value === picked) ? { startingHand: picked as StartingHand } : {}),
+        revenue: {
+          passengerPerCoach: Number(field<HTMLInputElement>('ng-passenger').value),
+          freightPerLoad: Number(field<HTMLInputElement>('ng-freight').value),
+          trainPerTransit: Number(field<HTMLInputElement>('ng-transit').value),
+        },
+      },
+    });
+
+    clearSave();
+    const next = rulesToUrl(rules, seed);
+    // Assigning the search string the page ALREADY has does nothing at all, which reads as a button
+    // that did not work — and it is the common case: deal a random seed, decide it was a bad deal,
+    // deal another at the same settings. Reload instead, and `start()` rolls a fresh seed.
+    if (next === location.search) location.reload();
+    else location.search = next;
+  });
 }
 
 const soundBtn = document.getElementById('sound');

src/web/panels.ts

@@ -120,9 +120,18 @@ export function timetableHtml(f: Frame, justSet: number | null): string {
       ]
         .filter(Boolean)
         .join(' ');
+      /**
+       * THE CARD ITSELF, not just the number.
+       *
+       * A train card is played once and then lives only as a number in a Timetable slot — but what
+       * it prints is what decides whether the train can be switched, worked by Porters, or loaded at
+       * all. Reported from play: "once a train card's been played, how would I see that particular
+       * train card again?" This is where the player already looks for that train.
+       */
       const tip =
         t !== null
-          ? `Train ${t} departs at Stage ${stage}. A train's NUMBER is its seniority and direction — odd runs west, even runs east — and the Stage it leaves is set by the 1D12 roll made when its card was played, so Train 8 at Stage 6 is normal.`
+          ? `Train ${t} departs at Stage ${stage}. A train's NUMBER is its seniority and direction — odd runs west, even runs east — and the Stage it leaves is set by the 1D12 roll made when its card was played, so Train 8 at Stage 6 is normal.` +
+            (f.timetableWhat[k] ? `\n\nITS CARD — ${f.timetableWhat[k]}` : '')
           : `Stage ${stage} — no train due out.`;
       return (
         `<div class="tt-slot ${cls}" data-tip="${esc(tip)}" tabindex="0">` +
@@ -142,7 +151,7 @@ export function blockedHtml(f: Frame): string {
         .join('');
 }
 
-/** The load pipeline at each industry: green → MEN | AT | WORK → red, and the siding. */
+/** The load pipeline at each industry: green → MEN | AT | WORK → red, and the cars spotted here. */
 export function facilitiesHtml(f: Frame): string {
   /**
    * One number, with what the card printed and what a Modifier added.
@@ -239,12 +248,12 @@ export function facilitiesHtml(f: Frame): string {
                 }">${x.kind === 'passenger' ? 'waiting to board' : 'waiting to load'}</span>${boxes(x.green, x.greenCap, 'g')}</div>`
               : '') +
             /**
-             * A PASSENGER FACILITY HAS NO SIGN AND NO SIDING, so neither row is drawn for one.
+             * A PASSENGER FACILITY HAS NO SIGN, so the row is not drawn for one.
              *
              * `maw` comes back empty for a Depot, Station or Terminal — the pipeline is a Freight
              * Facility fitting (§9.2 is Porters, with no MEN | AT | WORK step). The row LABEL printed
              * ahead of the loop regardless, so a Depot showed the caption and three empty boxes it
-             * has no Laborer to work. Same for the siding: an Office has no industry track at all.
+             * has no Laborer to work.
              */
             (x.maw.length > 0
               ? `<div class="boxes"><span class="dim" data-tip="One physical sign, worked in whichever direction this industry runs. Only one load may sit on each of the three boxes.">MEN AT WORK</span>` +
@@ -258,14 +267,23 @@ export function facilitiesHtml(f: Frame): string {
                     : 'Loads that have come off an arriving car and been cleared. They travel car → WORK → AT → MEN, then into a red box — the opposite direction to loading.'
                 }">${x.kind === 'passenger' ? 'arrived' : 'cleared inbound'}</span>${boxes(x.red, x.redCap, 'r')}</div>`
               : '') +
-            (x.trackCap > 0 || x.track.length > 0
-              ? `<div class="boxes"><span class="dim" data-tip="Cars spotted on this industry's track. A load leaves the sign onto one of these, or an arriving load starts from one.">siding</span>${boxes(x.track, x.trackCap, 's')}</div>`
+            /**
+             * THE CARS THAT ARE HERE — NOT A SIDING OF A FIXED LENGTH.
+             *
+             * This drew one empty box per unit of the industry's capacity and labelled the row
+             * "siding", which said two untrue things: that the card prints a siding, and that its
+             * length is the box count. It is neither. An industry track is ordinary Operating Rail
+             * and holds four cars like every other card, so there is no printed length worth
+             * drawing — only what is actually standing there. Passing cap 0 renders the cars alone.
+             */
+            (x.track.length > 0
+              ? `<div class="boxes"><span class="dim" data-tip="Cars standing on this industry's track. A load leaves the sign onto one of these, or an arriving load starts from one. Up to four cars fit here, the same as any Operating track card.">spotted</span>${boxes(x.track, 0, 's')}</div>`
               : '') +
             `<div class="fstat ${x.jammed ? 'bad' : x.canFinish ? 'good' : 'idle'}" data-tip="${
               x.jammed
                 ? 'A load is sitting on MEN|AT|WORK with no spotted car to receive it. That locks the industry track, which blocks the very car that would clear it (§9.3).'
                 : x.canFinish
-                  ? 'A matching empty car is spotted on the siding, so a load worked here can come off onto it.'
+                  ? 'A matching empty car is spotted on this industry\'s track, so a load worked here can come off onto it.'
                   : 'No matching car is spotted. Starting a load here would park it on WORK and jam the facility.'
             }">` +
             (x.jammed ? 'JAMMED' : x.canFinish ? 'ready' : 'no car spotted') +
@@ -369,7 +387,7 @@ ul.blocked{margin:0;padding-left:18px}
 .box{display:inline-block;min-width:22px;text-align:center;border-radius:3px;padding:1px 4px;font-size:10px}
 .box.empty{background:#242a32;color:#5a6472}
 /* Green OUT, red IN, matching the board SVG's palette exactly — the panel and the map are the same
-   card seen twice, so they may not disagree about which colour means which way. Grey for the siding,
+   card seen twice, so they may not disagree about which colour means which way. Grey for spotted cars,
    which is a place rather than a direction. */
 .box.g{background:#2f6b3d}
 .box.r{background:#8a4a4a}

src/web/play.html

@@ -40,6 +40,32 @@ header button:disabled:hover{border-color:#2c333d}
 .pace.good{background:rgba(40,140,60,.32)}
 .pace.behind{background:rgba(190,120,40,.28)}
 .yard.bare{outline:1px dashed #e0a060;outline-offset:3px;border-radius:4px;padding:3px}
+/* NEW GAME DIALOG. Native <dialog>, so Esc closes it and focus is trapped without any of that
+   being written here. Everything below is only colour and spacing: the browser's own white-on-white
+   default is unreadable against this page. */
+dialog{background:var(--panel);color:var(--fg);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:9px;
+  padding:16px 18px;max-width:520px;width:calc(100% - 32px);font:inherit;max-height:86vh;overflow:auto}
+dialog::backdrop{background:rgba(0,0,0,.62)}
+dialog h3{margin-top:15px}
+/* The rationale under each heading, not beside each control — the reasons are sentences, and a
+   sentence squeezed into a label column wraps into noise. */
+.ng-note{color:var(--dim);font-size:11.5px;margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.45}
+dialog input[type=text],dialog input[type=number]{background:#0f1318;color:var(--fg);
+  border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:5px;padding:4px 7px;font:inherit;font-size:13px}
+dialog input[type=text]{width:100%}
+dialog input[type=number]{width:64px;text-align:right}
+dialog input:focus{outline:none;border-color:#4d6fa8}
+/* Whole rows, so the click target is the sentence and not the 13px circle beside it. */
+.ng-radio{display:flex;gap:9px;align-items:flex-start;padding:6px 7px;border-radius:5px;cursor:pointer}
+.ng-radio:hover{background:#20262e}
+.ng-radio input{margin-top:3px;flex:0 0 auto}
+.ng-radio .dim{font-size:11.5px}
+.ng-num{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:12px;padding:4px 7px}
+.ng-buttons{display:flex;justify-content:flex-end;gap:8px;margin:16px 0 0;padding:0}
+.ng-buttons button{background:#2a3038;color:inherit;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:5px;
+  padding:5px 14px;cursor:pointer;font:inherit;font-size:13px}
+.ng-buttons button:hover{border-color:#4d6fa8}
+#ng-deal{background:#31527f;border-color:#4d6fa8}
 main{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 400px;gap:14px;padding:14px;align-items:start}
 @media(max-width:1100px){main{grid-template-columns:1fr}}
 section{background:var(--panel);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:7px;
@@ -88,11 +114,32 @@ button.cardact.discard{color:#d6b48a}
   box-shadow:0 6px 22px rgba(0,0,0,.5)}
 #phasenote.shown{opacity:1;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(0)}
 @media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){#phasenote{transition:none}}
+/* A train completing its run pays EVERY player, so it is announced rather than left to the log —
+   green like a revenue gain, and its own element so it cannot fight the phase note for the slot. */
+#announce{position:fixed;left:50%;top:14px;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-14px);z-index:41;
+  background:#16301f;border:1px solid #4c9a6a;color:#c8f0d8;border-radius:14px;padding:7px 18px;
+  font-size:14px;font-weight:700;opacity:0;pointer-events:none;transition:opacity .18s,transform .18s;
+  box-shadow:0 6px 22px rgba(0,0,0,.5);max-width:min(680px,90vw);text-align:center}
+#announce.shown{opacity:1;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(0)}
+@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){#announce{transition:none}}
 /* The die's answer, said where the player is looking. Green like a revenue gain — it is a good
    thing that just happened — and it disappears with the next render, as a moment should. */
 .scheduled{display:block;font-size:11.5px;margin:0 0 7px;padding:3px 9px;border-radius:5px;
   background:rgba(40,140,60,.22);border:1px solid #2f6b47;color:#bfe8cd;font-weight:600}
 .makeup-note{font-size:11px;margin:0 0 5px}
+/* WHICH TRAIN AM I SWITCHING. A row of crews rather than a stacked list — they are alternatives,
+   and the chosen one is the crew whose squares the board is drawing, so it wears the same violet
+   "you are here" the rest of the page uses. */
+.crewpick{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px;align-items:baseline}
+.crewpick h3{flex:0 0 100%;margin:0 0 2px}
+button.act.crew{width:auto;display:inline-block;margin:0}
+button.act.crew.on{border-color:var(--now);background:rgba(185,140,240,.18);color:#e9dcff}
+/* THE ORDER TO ADD THE CARS IN. Only ever drawn for a train whose make-up order can lock it (7/8
+   Local), so it is worth a coloured rule down the side: a player who sees this once needs to read
+   it, and will not see it again on the next train. `warn` is the train already made up badly. */
+.makeup-advice{font-size:11px;line-height:1.45;margin:0 0 6px;padding:5px 8px;border-radius:4px;
+  border-left:3px solid #4d6fa8;background:rgba(60,100,170,.13)}
+.makeup-advice.warn{border-left-color:#e0a060;background:rgba(200,150,60,.15)}
 /* Moves left, beside the moves. Amber like the actions, because it is a budget being spent by the
    buttons underneath it; struck through in red once it is gone. */
 .moves{display:inline-block;font-size:11px;margin:0 0 7px;padding:1px 8px;border-radius:10px;
@@ -168,10 +215,15 @@ ul.blocked li{padding:2px 0}
        engine's guess at what your score ought to be were noise on the one line that must not wrap. -->
   <span id="objective" class="pace">—</span>
   <span class="dim">seed <span id="seed">—</span></span>
+  <!-- WHICH RULES THIS GAME IS BEING PLAYED UNDER. The settings are chosen when the game is dealt
+       and then never mentioned again, which makes a playtest note ("scored 4") unreadable a week
+       later: at 0 revenue per transit that is a different game from the same seed at 5. Short enough
+       to keep the header on one line; the tooltip spells it out. -->
+  <span class="dim" id="houserules" title="">—</span>
   <button id="sound" title="Whistle at the end of each Stage, the crossing bell at the end of each Day, and the conductor when a train is built. Currently synthesised, not recorded.">🔇 muted</button>
   <button id="undo" title="Take the last action back. The save is the seed plus the moves made, so this replays the game without the last one — as far back as you like.">Undo</button>
   <button id="savefile" title="Download this game as a save file you can replay or share">Save replay</button>
-  <button id="newgame" title="Deal a fresh game. You will be asked for a seed — leave it blank for a random one. Undo steps back one action at a time; this throws the whole game away, so download the replay first if you want to keep it.">New game</button>
+  <button id="newgame" title="Deal a fresh game. You choose the seed, the opening hand and what the three economies pay. Undo steps back one action at a time; this throws the whole game away, so download the replay first if you want to keep it.">New game</button>
   <a class="home" href="./replays.html" style="font-size:12px">replays</a>
   <span class="dim build" title="what is actually deployed">__BUILD__</span>
 </header>
@@ -185,6 +237,7 @@ ul.blocked li{padding:2px 0}
 <!-- Announces a phase CHANGE. The turn chart says where you are; this says that it moved, which is
      what you miss when the automatic phases run between two clicks. -->
 <div id="phasenote"></div>
+<div id="announce"></div>
 
 <main>
   <div>
@@ -239,6 +292,53 @@ ul.blocked li{padding:2px 0}
   </div>
 </main>
 
+<!-- ===================================================================
+     NEW GAME — the seed, the opening hand, and what the three economies pay.
+
+     It was a `prompt()` asking for a seed. Two of the three things that decide what kind of game
+     you are about to play had no way in at all: the opening hand had been changed twice with no
+     way back to the earlier rule, and the revenue rates were constants in the source. Balance is
+     the open question in this game (`TODO.md`), and the way to settle it is to deal several games
+     at different settings — which needs a dialog, not a rebuild.
+
+     Every control has a default that is the recommended answer, so DEAL with nothing touched is a
+     complete, sensible game. The settings ride in the URL alongside the seed, because a seed alone
+     no longer names a game: `?seed=430` with a different opening hand is a different railroad.
+     ==================================================================== -->
+<dialog id="newgamedlg" aria-labelledby="ng-title">
+  <form method="dialog" id="newgameform">
+    <h2 class="big" id="ng-title">New game</h2>
+
+    <h3>Seed</h3>
+    <p class="ng-note">The same seed and the same settings always deal the same railroad, so a game can be shared, compared or replayed. Leave it blank for a random one.</p>
+    <input id="ng-seed" type="text" inputmode="numeric" autocomplete="off" placeholder="blank for a random seed">
+
+    <h3>Starting hand</h3>
+    <p class="ng-note">What each player is dealt before the first turn. The hand limit is three either way — deal six and the first turn is spent choosing which of them to keep.</p>
+    <label class="ng-radio"><input type="radio" name="ng-hand" value="threeRandom" checked>
+      <span><b>Three random cards</b><br><span class="dim">The original rule. At the hand limit already, and no guarantee of track.</span></span></label>
+    <label class="ng-radio"><input type="radio" name="ng-hand" value="sixRandom">
+      <span><b>Six random cards</b><br><span class="dim">Twice the choice, still no guaranteed track — the first turn is a discard.</span></span></label>
+    <label class="ng-radio"><input type="radio" name="ng-hand" value="threeTrackThreeOther">
+      <span><b>Three random track and three random non-track cards</b><br><span class="dim">Dealt from two piles, so the district you can build is dealt rather than waited for.</span></span></label>
+
+    <h3>Revenue</h3>
+    <p class="ng-note">What each piece of work pays, 0 to 5. A coach pays when it is boarded and again when it is detrained; a load pays when it is made up and again when it is broken. Zero switches an economy off so the others can be read.</p>
+    <label class="ng-num"><span>Passenger revenue per coach</span>
+      <input id="ng-passenger" type="number" min="0" max="5" step="1" value="1"></label>
+    <label class="ng-num"><span>Freight revenue per load</span>
+      <input id="ng-freight" type="number" min="0" max="5" step="1" value="1"></label>
+    <label class="ng-num"><span>Train revenue per transit</span>
+      <input id="ng-transit" type="number" min="0" max="5" step="1" value="0"></label>
+    <p class="ng-note">A transit pays every player, once, when a train runs off the end of the Division — the one thing nobody has to work for. It defaults to 0 for that reason.</p>
+
+    <menu class="ng-buttons">
+      <button value="cancel" id="ng-cancel" type="submit" formnovalidate>Cancel</button>
+      <button value="deal" id="ng-deal" type="submit">Deal</button>
+    </menu>
+  </form>
+</dialog>
+
 <script type="module" src="./web/main.js"></script>
 </body>
 </html>

src/web/session.ts

@@ -17,10 +17,12 @@
 
 import type { Intent } from '../engine/intents.ts';
 import type { Frame } from '../sim/view.ts';
-import type { GameConfig, PlayerIndex } from '../engine/state.ts';
+import type { PlayerIndex } from '../engine/state.ts';
+import type { HouseRuleOverrides } from '../engine/content.ts';
 import type { Game, Menu, Save } from './game.ts';
 import {
   actionMenu,
+  configWith,
   currentActor,
   fromSave,
   handPlayable,
@@ -86,6 +88,8 @@ export type Session = {
   takeCues(): string[];
   /** The timetable slot the last 1D12 filled, once. Draining. */
   takeScheduled(): number | null;
+  /** A one-line announcement to flash, once. Draining. */
+  takeAnnouncement(): string | null;
   /** The card most recently drawn into this seat's hand. Persists until another draw replaces it. */
   justDrawn(): string | null;
 };
@@ -110,9 +114,15 @@ export type LocalSession = Session & {
  *
  * `Game` is mutated in place by `submit`, so the wrapper keeps a mutable reference rather than
  * copying — `undo` and `restore` replace the whole game, which is why `game` is a getter.
+ *
+ * It takes `rules` rather than a whole `GameConfig` because DEALING is the only thing on the far
+ * side of this that the page is allowed to decide. A config carries the mode, the victory condition
+ * and the optional rules — table settings a lobby owns — and handing main.ts a `GameConfig` to build
+ * meant importing the engine's own defaults into the page, which is the boundary `session.test.ts`
+ * guards. The seed and the house rules are the two things a player picks when they press New game.
  */
-export function createLocalSession(seed: number, config?: GameConfig): LocalSession {
-  let game: Game = config ? newGame(seed, config) : newGame(seed);
+export function createLocalSession(seed: number, rules?: HouseRuleOverrides): LocalSession {
+  let game: Game = rules ? newGame(seed, configWith(rules)) : newGame(seed);
   const listeners = new Set<() => void>();
   const changed = (): void => {
     for (const fn of [...listeners]) fn();
@@ -146,6 +156,11 @@ export function createLocalSession(seed: number, config?: GameConfig): LocalSess
       game.scheduled = null;
       return slot;
     },
+    takeAnnouncement: () => {
+      const text = game.announced;
+      game.announced = null;
+      return text;
+    },
     justDrawn: () => game.justDrawn,
 
     seed: () => game.seed,
@@ -159,6 +174,7 @@ export function createLocalSession(seed: number, config?: GameConfig): LocalSess
       back.cues.length = 0;
       back.scheduled = null;
       back.justDrawn = null;
+      back.announced = null;
       changed();
       return true;
     },
@@ -166,6 +182,7 @@ export function createLocalSession(seed: number, config?: GameConfig): LocalSess
       game = fromSave(save);
       // Restoring replays the whole history and re-records every draw; none of it is news.
       game.justDrawn = null;
+      game.announced = null;
       changed();
     },
   };

src/web/sound.ts

@@ -124,6 +124,17 @@ export function playCue(cue: string): void {
     return;
   }
 
+  if (cue === 'completed') {
+    // A train clearing the Division and whistling off: two long horn notes falling away, with the
+    // second quieter and lower so it reads as distance rather than repetition. Longer than any other
+    // cue on purpose — it is the only one that pays every player, and it should land as an event.
+    tone(t, 392, 0.55, 0.13, 'sawtooth', 370);
+    tone(t, 262, 0.55, 0.09, 'triangle', 247);
+    tone(t + 0.42, 330, 0.75, 0.08, 'sawtooth', 300);
+    tone(t + 0.42, 220, 0.75, 0.055, 'triangle', 200);
+    return;
+  }
+
   if (cue === 'day') {
     // The grade-crossing bell: two strikes. Inharmonic partials separate a bell from a beep.
     for (const at of [t, t + 0.22]) {

test/advance.test.ts

@@ -8,11 +8,13 @@ import { describe, it } from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 
 import { advance, pump } from '../src/engine/advance.ts';
-import { applyIntent, areaOf } from '../src/engine/apply.ts';
+import { applyIntent, areaOf, check } from '../src/engine/apply.ts';
 import { HAND_LIMIT, STAGES_PER_DAY, lengthProfile, TOTAL_ROLLING_STOCK } from '../src/engine/content.ts';
 import { legalActions } from '../src/engine/legal.ts';
 import { createGame } from '../src/engine/setup.ts';
-import type { GameConfig, GameState } from '../src/engine/state.ts';
+import { developerBot } from '../src/sim/bot.ts';
+import type { CrewTray, GameConfig, GameState } from '../src/engine/state.ts';
+import { railFacingOf } from '../src/engine/state.ts';
 
 const baseConfig = (over: Partial<GameConfig> = {}): GameConfig => ({
   mode: 'solitaire',
@@ -230,6 +232,14 @@ describe('Mainline Phase (§8)', () => {
 
   it('moves trains one region per Stage (§8.2)', () => {
     const s = game();
+    /**
+     * PIN THE TERRAIN. This used to rely on whatever card the seed happened to lay down, and the
+     * moment the RNG stream moved — a different opening deal draws a different number of cards
+     * before the Division is built — seed 1 dealt a 60 card instead of a 30 and the train crossed in
+     * one Stage. What is under test is that crossing takes the card's time, so the card has to be
+     * the test's own: Curves is a 30, which is two Stages for a fast train.
+     */
+    for (const n of s.division.nodes) if (n.kind === 'mainline') n.card = 'curves';
     scheduleTrain(s, 1, 2);
     s.clock.phase = 'newTrain';
     pump(s);
@@ -612,3 +622,325 @@ describe('X18 Circus Train — a point for standing still', () => {
     assert.ok(!paidAgain(), 'the Circus Train collected a second time for the same set-up');
   });
 });
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('a train on the Division points the way it is running', () => {
+  /**
+   * Nothing reset `facing` when a train left a district, so a crew that had been shunted onto a
+   * north-south spur carried a compass port — 'n' or 's' — out onto the Division with it.
+   *
+   * The Division is east-west, and so is every Office card, so that port exists nowhere the train is
+   * about to be. `movesFor` explores from `facing` and from its opposite, and a card with neither
+   * yields nothing at all: the train arrived at the next Office **unable to switch at all**. It also
+   * drew a ▲ on the Division map, where there is no north.
+   *
+   * A train running the Division has its engine at one end of an east-west railroad, so this is not
+   * a repair applied after the fact — it is the only thing `facing` can mean out there.
+   */
+  const runningOnTheDivision = (spurFacing: 'n' | 's', direction: 'east' | 'west'): CrewTray => {
+    const s = game();
+    // Straight onto the Mainline card west of the first Office, as a departure would.
+    const index = s.division.nodes.findIndex((n) => n.kind === 'mainline');
+    const node = s.division.nodes[index]!;
+    assert.equal(node.kind, 'mainline');
+    const id = 'shunted';
+    s.trays.set(id, {
+      id, trainNumber: 2, trainIsExtra: false, engineAt: 0, consist: [],
+      direction,
+      // What a Move round a district leaves behind: a real port on the card it was standing on.
+      facing: spurFacing,
+      railFacing: 'w',
+      position: { at: 'grid', seat: 0, coord: areaOf(s, 0).officeCoord },
+      movesUsed: 0,
+    });
+    const tray = s.trays.get(id)!;
+    // Depart it: the Mainline Phase's own path onto the card.
+    s.clock.phase = 'mainline';
+    s.movedThisPhase = new Set();
+    for (let i = 0; i < 3 && tray.position.at === 'grid'; i++) {
+      s.clock.phase = 'mainline';
+      s.movedThisPhase = new Set();
+      advance(s);
+    }
+    assert.notEqual(tray.position.at, 'grid', 'the train never left the district');
+    return tray;
+  };
+
+  it('drops the spur port the moment it reaches the Mainline', () => {
+    for (const spur of ['n', 's'] as const) {
+      for (const direction of ['east', 'west'] as const) {
+        const tray = runningOnTheDivision(spur, direction);
+        assert.equal(
+          tray.facing,
+          direction === 'east' ? 'e' : 'w',
+          `a ${direction}bound train left the district still facing ${spur}`,
+        );
+        assert.equal(railFacingOf(tray), direction === 'east' ? 'e' : 'w');
+      }
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('the history says WHY a train moved, and says it truthfully', () => {
+  /**
+   * REPORTED from play: "some trains seem to be moving before I can switch or do other operations on
+   * them — it may be the rules are wrong, or it may be my perception."
+   *
+   * It was perception, but the log was actively feeding it. Every departure read alike, and the
+   * arrival line for an Expedited train said there was "no turn in which to work it" — which is
+   * false and cost the player the Cargo turn they did have. These pin the two claims the log now
+   * makes, so a phase-order change cannot leave the narration lying about it.
+   */
+  /**
+   * Drop one named train at the Western Division Point and follow it, counting the DISTINCT phases
+   * it spends standing in a district — `advance` is called many times inside one phase, so a raw
+   * count would say nothing. Driven by the developer bot rather than a hand-rolled phase-ender,
+   * which deadlocks the moment Local Operations wants an option chosen before it can be ended.
+   */
+  const phasesWith = (trainNumber: number): { localOps: number; loadUnload: number; leftIn: string } => {
+    const s = game(7, { length: 'standard' });
+    for (const n of s.division.nodes) if (n.kind === 'mainline') n.card = 'plains';
+    /**
+     * A DIVISION WITH NOTHING ELSE ON IT. Expedite is not absolute: §8.1 can still hold the train,
+     * and `shiftChange` says so — "an expedited train that would need a ruling simply stays, and
+     * runs normally next Stage". With the bot's own traffic running, Train 6 was held four Stages
+     * and collected four Local Operations turns, which is correct behaviour and the opposite of what
+     * this test is trying to pin. Clearing the timetable isolates the rule from the traffic.
+     */
+    s.timetable = s.timetable.map(() => null);
+    const id = 'watched';
+    s.trays.set(id, {
+      id, trainNumber, trainIsExtra: false, engineAt: 0,
+      consist: [{ type: 'coach', loaded: true }] as never,
+      direction: 'east', facing: 'e',
+      position: { at: 'divisionPoint', side: 'west' }, movesUsed: 0,
+    });
+    const dp = s.division.nodes.find((n) => n.kind === 'divisionPoint' && n.side === 'west');
+    if (dp?.kind === 'divisionPoint') dp.holding.push(id);
+
+    const standingIn = new Set<string>();
+    let reachedOffice = false;
+    let leftIn = '';
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < 20_000; i++) {
+      const phase = s.clock.phase;
+      const onGrid = s.trays.get(id)?.position.at === 'grid';
+      if (onGrid) {
+        reachedOffice = true;
+        standingIn.add(`${s.clock.day}|${s.clock.stage}|${phase}`);
+      }
+
+      const r = advance(s);
+
+      if (reachedOffice && onGrid && s.trays.get(id)?.position.at !== 'grid' && leftIn === '') {
+        leftIn = phase;
+        break;
+      }
+      if (s.status === 'finished') break;
+      if (r.needsInput) {
+        /**
+         * A PLAYER WHO DOES NOTHING. The developer bot plays train cards, and a train card rolls
+         * itself onto the Timetable — so clearing the Timetable above achieved nothing while the bot
+         * was driving, and the watched train kept meeting traffic it had to be cleared past. This
+         * ends every turn without playing anything, which is the only way to isolate one train.
+         */
+        const actor = s.clock.pendingDecision !== null ? s.clock.superintendent : s.clock.currentActor;
+        if (actor === null) break;
+        const options = legalActions(s, actor);
+        if (options.length === 0) break;
+        const pick =
+          options.find((x) => x.type === 'mainline.clearance') ??
+          options.find(
+            (x) =>
+              x.type === 'switch.end' ||
+              x.type === 'draw.end' ||
+              x.type === 'loadUnload.end' ||
+              x.type === 'freightAgent.end',
+          ) ??
+          options.find((x) => x.type === 'localOps.choose') ??
+          options[0]!;
+        if (!applyIntent(s, actor, pick).ok) break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    const count = (phase: string): number => [...standingIn].filter((k) => k.endsWith(`|${phase}`)).length;
+    assert.ok(reachedOffice, `train ${trainNumber} never reached a district at all`);
+    return { localOps: count('localOps'), loadUnload: count('loadUnload'), leftIn };
+  };
+
+  it('gives an ordinary train a Local Operations turn before it goes', () => {
+    // Train 12 Drag Freight — no Expedite. Arrives in a Mainline Phase, stands, and the player gets
+    // a Local Operations turn with it in the NEXT Stage. This is what the arrival line promises.
+    const r = phasesWith(12);
+    assert.ok(r.localOps >= 1, `an ordinary train got ${r.localOps} Local Operations turns`);
+    assert.equal(r.leftIn, 'mainline', 'an ordinary train should leave in a Mainline Phase');
+  });
+
+  it('gives an Expedited train the Cargo phase but never Local Operations', () => {
+    // Train 6 The Sparrow — Expedite. The claim the arrival line makes is precisely this pair:
+    // Porters and Laborers can reach it, a switching turn never comes, and it goes at the end of
+    // the Stage rather than in a Mainline Phase.
+    const r = phasesWith(6);
+    assert.equal(r.localOps, 0, 'an Expedited train got a Local Operations turn after all');
+    assert.ok(r.loadUnload >= 1, 'an Expedited train never stood through a Cargo phase');
+    assert.equal(r.leftIn, 'shiftChange', 'an Expedited train should leave in Supervisor Shift');
+  });
+
+  it('does NOT expedite when §8.1 wants a ruling — it stays and runs normally', () => {
+    /**
+     * EXPEDITE IS CONDITIONAL, which is most of why it feels arbitrary at the table.
+     *
+     * `shiftChange` says so — "an expedited train that would need a ruling simply stays, and runs
+     * normally next Stage" — and it happens often: driven by the developer bot this was reached by
+     * ordinary traffic, and Train 6 collected FOUR Local Operations turns instead of none. Built by
+     * hand here rather than fished out of a bot game, because whether the bot happens to produce a
+     * meet depends on the deck, and the deck moves.
+     *
+     * So the log and the card must not promise that an Expedited train can never be switched.
+     */
+    const s = game(7, { length: 'standard' });
+    for (const n of s.division.nodes) if (n.kind === 'mainline') n.card = 'plains';
+
+    // Train 6 (Expedite) standing at the Office, having just arrived: this is the state
+    // `arriveAtOffice` leaves behind when it sets `departsThisStage`.
+    const area = areaOf(s, 0);
+    const id = 'expedited';
+    s.trays.set(id, {
+      id, trainNumber: 6, trainIsExtra: false, engineAt: 0, consist: [],
+      direction: 'east', facing: 'e',
+      position: { at: 'grid', seat: 0, coord: area.officeCoord }, movesUsed: 0,
+      departsThisStage: true,
+    });
+    area.adOccupancy.push(id);
+
+    // A train ahead of it in the same Subdivision, running the SAME way — §8.1's fourth condition,
+    // which is the Superintendent's call rather than an absolute bar.
+    const ahead = s.division.nodes.findIndex((n) => n.kind === 'mainline');
+    const node = s.division.nodes[ahead];
+    assert.equal(node?.kind, 'mainline');
+    s.trays.set('ahead', {
+      id: 'ahead', trainNumber: 12, trainIsExtra: false, engineAt: 0, consist: [],
+      direction: 'east', facing: 'e', position: { at: 'mainline', index: ahead }, movesUsed: 0,
+    });
+    if (node?.kind === 'mainline') {
+      node.transits.push({ tray: 'ahead', stagesRemaining: 2, stagesTotal: 2, direction: 'east' });
+    }
+
+    s.clock.phase = 'shiftChange';
+    const r = advance(s);
+
+    assert.ok(
+      r.events.some((e) => e.type === 'clearanceRequested' && e.trainId === id),
+      'the Expedited departure was not put to the Superintendent',
+    );
+    assert.equal(
+      s.trays.get(id)?.position.at,
+      'grid',
+      'the Expedited train left despite needing a ruling nobody could give',
+    );
+    assert.ok(
+      r.events.some((e) => e.type === 'trainHeld' && /EXPEDITES/.test(e.reason)),
+      'the log does not say why the Expedited train stayed',
+    );
+    assert.equal(
+      s.trays.get(id)?.departsThisStage,
+      false,
+      'it should run as an ordinary train from now on, not retry the expedited departure',
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('an Extra starts where its number sends it, or at a Control Point', () => {
+  /**
+   * REPORTED: "Extras should start at Eastern or Western Division point based on their numbers. Even
+   * trains run to the east (start at western DP), odd run to the west (start at eastern DP). They
+   * can also start at a control point (any office except whistlepost) at player's choice."
+   *
+   * Every Extra used to launch eastbound from the West Division Point, hardcoded, with the
+   * simplification flagged in a comment — so half the Extras ran the wrong way and the Control Point
+   * option did not exist at all.
+   */
+  const pending = (trainNumber: number, tier?: 'depot' | 'station'): GameState => {
+    const s = game(11);
+    s.pendingExtras = [trainNumber];
+    s.timetable = s.timetable.map(() => null);
+    if (tier) s.officeAreas.get(0)!.tier = tier;
+    s.clock.phase = 'newTrain';
+    advance(s);
+    return s;
+  };
+
+  const started = (s: GameState): CrewTray => {
+    const tray = [...s.trays.values()].find((t) => t.trainIsExtra);
+    assert.ok(tray, 'the Extra never took a Crew Tray');
+    return tray;
+  };
+
+  it('stops for the decision instead of launching the train itself', () => {
+    const s = pending(17);
+    assert.equal(s.clock.phase, 'newTrain');
+    assert.equal(s.trays.size, 0, 'the Extra was placed without anyone choosing where');
+    assert.ok(
+      legalActions(s, s.clock.currentActor ?? 0).some((i) => i.type === 'newTrain.startExtra'),
+      'the placement was never offered',
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('sends an odd Extra west from the EASTERN Division Point', () => {
+    // §2.3 — odd runs west. It therefore starts at the end it runs away from.
+    const s = pending(17);
+    assert.ok(applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'newTrain.startExtra', trainNumber: 17, atSeat: null }).ok);
+    const tray = started(s);
+    assert.equal(tray.direction, 'west');
+    assert.equal(tray.position.at === 'divisionPoint' && tray.position.side, 'east');
+  });
+
+  it('sends an even Extra east from the WESTERN Division Point', () => {
+    const s = pending(18);
+    assert.ok(applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'newTrain.startExtra', trainNumber: 18, atSeat: null }).ok);
+    const tray = started(s);
+    assert.equal(tray.direction, 'east');
+    assert.equal(tray.position.at === 'divisionPoint' && tray.position.side, 'west');
+  });
+
+  it('refuses a Whistle Post, which is not a Control Point', () => {
+    const s = pending(18);
+    assert.equal(s.officeAreas.get(0)!.tier, 'whistlePost');
+    assert.equal(
+      check(s, 0, { type: 'newTrain.startExtra', trainNumber: 18, atSeat: 0 }),
+      'NOT_A_CONTROL_POINT',
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('starts at a Control Point when the player picks one, taking an A/D track', () => {
+    // Upgrading the Office is what buys this: a Depot is a Control Point, a Whistle Post is not.
+    const s = pending(18, 'depot');
+    const r = applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'newTrain.startExtra', trainNumber: 18, atSeat: 0 });
+    assert.ok(r.ok, `starting at the Depot was refused: ${r.ok ? '' : r.code}`);
+    const tray = started(s);
+    const area = s.officeAreas.get(0)!;
+    assert.equal(tray.position.at, 'grid');
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      tray.position.at === 'grid' ? tray.position.coord : null,
+      area.officeCoord,
+      'the Extra did not start on the Office card',
+    );
+    assert.ok(area.adOccupancy.includes(tray.id), 'it did not take an A/D track');
+    assert.equal(tray.direction, 'east', 'an even Extra still runs east from wherever it starts');
+  });
+
+  it('takes the Extra off the pending list once, whichever end it started from', () => {
+    const s = pending(17);
+    assert.ok(applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'newTrain.startExtra', trainNumber: 17, atSeat: null }).ok);
+    assert.deepEqual(s.pendingExtras, []);
+    assert.equal(
+      check(s, 0, { type: 'newTrain.startExtra', trainNumber: 17, atSeat: null }),
+      'NO_EXTRA_PENDING',
+    );
+  });
+});

test/apply.test.ts

@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@
 import { describe, it } from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 
-import { applyIntent, check, areaOf, facilityCarTypes, reduce } from '../src/engine/apply.ts';
-import { HAND_LIMIT, INDUSTRY_PROFILES, MOVES_PER_LOCAL_OPS, OPENING_OTHER, OPENING_TRACK } from '../src/engine/content.ts';
+import { applyIntent, check, areaOf, facilityCarTypes, movesFor, reduce } from '../src/engine/apply.ts';
+import { HAND_LIMIT, INDUSTRY_PROFILES, MAX_CONSIST, MOVES_PER_LOCAL_OPS, officeProfile } from '../src/engine/content.ts';
 import type { Intent } from '../src/engine/intents.ts';
 import { legalActions } from '../src/engine/legal.ts';
 import { createGame } from '../src/engine/setup.ts';
 import type { CrewTray, GameConfig, GameState, GridCoord, TrackCard } from '../src/engine/state.ts';
-import { coordKey, turnOf } from '../src/engine/state.ts';
+import { carsOn, coordKey, railFacingOf, spaceOn, turnOf } from '../src/engine/state.ts';
 import { cardDescription, snapshot } from '../src/sim/view.ts';
 
 const config: GameConfig = {
@@ -115,13 +115,15 @@ describe('Local Operations: drawing (§6.2)', () => {
   it('draws from the Home Office deck into the hand', () => {
     const s = game();
     const before = s.decks.homeOffice.length;
+    const dealt = s.decks.hands.get(0)!.length;
     applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'localOps.choose', option: 'draw' });
     const r = applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'draw.fromHomeOffice' });
     assert.ok(r.ok);
     assert.equal(s.decks.homeOffice.length, before - 1);
-    // The opening deal is 3 track + 3 other, so a draw takes the hand to seven — and §6.2's limit
-    // then has to be played down to three before the turn can end.
-    assert.equal(s.decks.hands.get(0)!.length, OPENING_TRACK + OPENING_OTHER + 1);
+    // Measured against the deal rather than against a constant: the opening hand is a house rule
+    // now (three random, six random, or three-and-three), and none of the three changes what a draw
+    // does — it adds one card, and §6.2's limit then has to be played down to three.
+    assert.equal(s.decks.hands.get(0)!.length, dealt + 1);
   });
 
   it('takes the TOP card from a Department pile, never one buried under it', () => {
@@ -239,13 +241,15 @@ describe('Local Operations: drawing (§6.2)', () => {
   it('will not end the phase over the hand limit', () => {
     // §6.2 — "must reduce his hand to no more than three cards".
     const s = game();
+    const dealt = s.decks.hands.get(0)!.length;
     applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'localOps.choose', option: 'draw' });
     applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'draw.fromHomeOffice' });
-    assert.equal(s.decks.hands.get(0)!.length, OPENING_TRACK + OPENING_OTHER + 1);
+    assert.equal(s.decks.hands.get(0)!.length, dealt + 1);
+    assert.ok(dealt + 1 > HAND_LIMIT, 'a draw must put the player over the limit for this to test anything');
     assert.equal(check(s, 0, { type: 'draw.end' }), 'HAND_LIMIT');
 
     // And the way down is play or discard — there is no per-turn cap on either, which is what makes
-    // the six-card opening hand playable in one turn rather than a limit that cannot be met.
+    // a six-card opening hand playable in one turn rather than a limit that cannot be met.
     const hand = () => s.decks.hands.get(0)!;
     while (hand().length > HAND_LIMIT) {
       const r = applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'card.discard', cardId: hand()[0]!, toSlot: 0 });
@@ -449,7 +453,9 @@ describe('Freight Agent operations (§6.3)', () => {
         inboundBox: [],
         capacity: { outbound: 3, inbound: 0 },
         menAtWork: [null, null, null],
-        industryTrack: { length: 4, cars: [] },
+        // An empty hopper is SPOTTED, which is what the LABORERS need (§9.3). The Freight Agent
+        // does not: stocking works over a bare track too, and the tests below cover that.
+        industryTrack: { cars: [{ type: 'hopper', loaded: false }] },
         laborers: 3,
         porters: 0,
         usedThisStage: { laborers: 0, porters: 0 },
@@ -471,6 +477,38 @@ describe('Freight Agent operations (§6.3)', () => {
     assert.equal(areaOf(s, 0).grid.get(coordKey(coord))!.facility!.outboundBox.length, 1);
   });
 
+  it('stocks the green box before the car is spotted (§6.3)', () => {
+    /**
+     * REPORTED FROM PLAY: "A freight agent should be able to load an outbound green box prior to
+     * having the car there that matches the load he's putting in there."
+     *
+     * §6.3 asks for nothing but a car in the Division Yard and room in the box. The empty-car
+     * requirement is §9.3's, on the Laborer who moves the load out of the box — see the test below.
+     * The engine used to hoist it forward onto stocking and so refused the ordinary play of having
+     * the cargo waiting while the car is still being switched in.
+     */
+    const s = game();
+    const coord = withFacility(s);
+    const f = areaOf(s, 0).grid.get(coordKey(coord))!.facility!;
+    f.industryTrack.cars = [];
+    applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'localOps.choose', option: 'freightAgent' });
+    const r = applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'freightAgent.stockOutbound', at: coord, carType: 'hopper' });
+    assert.ok(r.ok, 'staging cargo against a bare industry track is legal');
+    assert.equal(f.outboundBox.length, 1);
+  });
+
+  it('still refuses to stock with no matching loaded car in the Division Yard', () => {
+    // The requirement §6.3 DOES make: the load has to come from somewhere.
+    const s = game();
+    const coord = withFacility(s);
+    s.yards.divisionYard = s.yards.divisionYard.filter((c) => !(c.type === 'hopper' && c.loaded));
+    applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'localOps.choose', option: 'freightAgent' });
+    assert.equal(
+      check(s, 0, { type: 'freightAgent.stockOutbound', at: coord, carType: 'hopper' }),
+      'NO_SUITABLE_CAR',
+    );
+  });
+
   it('allows only one Freight Agent operation per Stage', () => {
     // This is the bottleneck the whole economy rests on (card-reference.md §7).
     const s = game();
@@ -546,7 +584,7 @@ describe('Load/Unload: the four-action freight pipeline (§9.3)', () => {
         inboundBox: [],
         capacity: { outbound: 3, inbound: 0 },
         menAtWork: [{ type: 'hopper', dir: 'out' }, null, null],
-        industryTrack: { length: 4, cars: [{ type: 'hopper', loaded: false }] },
+        industryTrack: { cars: [{ type: 'hopper', loaded: false }] },
         laborers: 3,
         porters: 0,
         usedThisStage: { laborers: 0, porters: 0 },
@@ -604,6 +642,46 @@ describe('Load/Unload: the four-action freight pipeline (§9.3)', () => {
     assert.equal(check(s, 0, { type: 'laborer.advanceLoad', at: coord, box: 2 }), 'BOX_EMPTY');
   });
 
+  it('holds a staged load in the green box until a car is spotted (§9.3)', () => {
+    /**
+     * THE OTHER HALF OF THE STOCKING RULE. The Freight Agent may stage a load with nothing on the
+     * industry track (§6.3), but "Load the car" requires "*a load in the Green Loading Box AND an
+     * empty car of the required type on the industry's track*" — so the load simply waits in the
+     * box, which is a wait and not a jam: only a load on MEN | AT | WORK locks the track.
+     */
+    const s = game();
+    const coord = facilityWithLoad(s);
+    const f = areaOf(s, 0).grid.get(coordKey(coord))!.facility!;
+    f.menAtWork = [null, null, null];
+    f.outboundBox = [{ type: 'hopper', loaded: true }];
+    f.industryTrack.cars = [];
+
+    assert.equal(
+      check(s, 0, { type: 'laborer.startLoad', at: coord }),
+      'NO_EMPTY_CAR_SPOTTED',
+      'no car on the track — the Laborers cannot start it',
+    );
+
+    // A crew sets an empty hopper out, and the same staged load may now start down the sign.
+    f.industryTrack.cars = [{ type: 'hopper', loaded: false }];
+    assert.equal(check(s, 0, { type: 'laborer.startLoad', at: coord }), null);
+    const r = applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'laborer.startLoad', at: coord });
+    assert.ok(r.ok);
+    assert.equal(f.outboundBox.length, 0, 'the load left the green box');
+    assert.notEqual(f.menAtWork![0], null, 'and is on MEN');
+  });
+
+  it('will not start a load onto a spotted car of the wrong type', () => {
+    // Strict matching: a hopper load cannot be swapped onto a tank (§9.3).
+    const s = game();
+    const coord = facilityWithLoad(s);
+    const f = areaOf(s, 0).grid.get(coordKey(coord))!.facility!;
+    f.menAtWork = [null, null, null];
+    f.outboundBox = [{ type: 'hopper', loaded: true }];
+    f.industryTrack.cars = [{ type: 'tank', loaded: false }];
+    assert.equal(check(s, 0, { type: 'laborer.startLoad', at: coord }), 'NO_EMPTY_CAR_SPOTTED');
+  });
+
   it('takes four Laborer actions in total for one point', () => {
     // The asymmetry the whole economy is calibrated against (card-reference.md §2).
     const s = game();
@@ -687,7 +765,7 @@ describe('legalActions shares its rules with apply (component 6)', () => {
         inboundBox: [],
         capacity: { outbound: 3, inbound: 0 },
         menAtWork: [null, null, null],
-        industryTrack: { length: 4, cars: [] },
+        industryTrack: { cars: [] },
         laborers: 3,
         porters: 0,
         usedThisStage: { laborers: 0, porters: 0 },
@@ -745,7 +823,7 @@ describe('an industry handles every commodity its profile names (regression)', (
         outboundBox: [], inboundBox: [],
         capacity: { outbound: p.baseOut, inbound: p.baseIn },
         menAtWork: [null, null, null],
-        industryTrack: { length: 2, cars: [] },
+        industryTrack: { cars: [] },
         laborers: p.baseLoaders, porters: 0,
         usedThisStage: { laborers: 0, porters: 0 },
       } as never;
@@ -785,7 +863,7 @@ describe('a Modifier only goes beside a host that can use it (regression)', () =
         allows: { outbound: true, inbound: false },
         outboundBox: [], inboundBox: [], capacity: { outbound: 1, inbound: 0 },
         menAtWork: [null, null, null],
-        industryTrack: { length: 2, cars: [] },
+        industryTrack: { cars: [] },
         laborers: 1, porters: 0, usedThisStage: { laborers: 0, porters: 0 },
       },
     } as never);
@@ -862,37 +940,40 @@ describe("a Modifier grants only what its host's flow can use", () => {
       outboundBox: [], inboundBox: [],
       capacity: { outbound: out ? 1 : 0, inbound: into ? 1 : 0 },
       menAtWork: [null, null, null],
-      industryTrack: { length: 1, cars: [] },
+      industryTrack: { cars: [] },
       laborers: 1, porters: 0, usedThisStage: { laborers: 0, porters: 0 },
     },
   });
 
-  /** Plays an Ice House next to the facility at `at`, and returns that facility. */
-  const iceHouseBeside = (kind: string, out: boolean, into: boolean) => {
+  /** Plays `modifier` next to the facility at `at`, and returns the facility and its card. */
+  const modifierBeside = (modifier: string, kind: string, out: boolean, into: boolean) => {
     const s = game();
     const area = areaOf(s, 0);
     const at = { row: -1, col: 4 };
     area.grid.set(coordKey(at), withFacility(kind, out, into) as never);
     applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'localOps.choose', option: 'draw' });
 
-    const ice = [...s.cards.entries()].find(
-      ([, c]) => c.kind.kind === 'modifier' && c.kind.modifier === 'iceHouse',
+    const card = [...s.cards.entries()].find(
+      ([, c]) => c.kind.kind === 'modifier' && c.kind.modifier === modifier,
     );
-    assert.ok(ice, 'no Ice House in the deck');
-    s.decks.hands.set(0, [ice![0]]);
+    assert.ok(card, `no ${modifier} in the deck`);
+    s.decks.hands.set(0, [card![0]]);
     const r = applyIntent(s, 0, {
-      type: 'card.play', cardId: ice![0], placement: { row: at.row, col: at.col + 1 },
+      type: 'card.play', cardId: card![0], placement: { row: at.row, col: at.col + 1 },
     });
-    assert.ok(r.ok, `the Ice House should be playable beside a ${kind}`);
-    return area.grid.get(coordKey(at))!.facility!;
+    assert.ok(r.ok, `the ${modifier} should be playable beside a ${kind}`);
+    const host = area.grid.get(coordKey(at))!;
+    return { f: host.facility!, card: host };
   };
 
+  const iceHouseBeside = (kind: string, out: boolean, into: boolean) =>
+    modifierBeside('iceHouse', kind, out, into).f;
+
   it('gives a Packing Sheds the outbound slot its card prints', () => {
     // The host ships, so every printed grant lands. This is the control for the case below.
     const f = iceHouseBeside('packingSheds', true, false);
     assert.equal(f.capacity.outbound, 2, 'the outbound slot did not arrive');
     assert.equal(f.laborers, 2, 'the laborer did not arrive');
-    assert.equal(f.industryTrack.length, 2, 'the siding should lengthen with the slot it serves');
   });
 
   it("drops the outbound slot on a Grocer's Warehouse, which only receives", () => {
@@ -903,23 +984,47 @@ describe("a Modifier grants only what its host's flow can use", () => {
     assert.equal(f.laborers, 2, 'the laborer should still arrive — Laborers have no direction');
     assert.equal(f.capacity.outbound, 0, 'outbound capacity was credited to a facility that cannot ship');
     assert.equal(f.capacity.inbound, 1, 'the modifier must not silently move the grant to the other direction');
-    assert.equal(f.industryTrack.length, 1, 'the siding lengthened for a slot that does not exist');
   });
 
-  it('does not give a Passenger Facility a siding by way of a Modifier', () => {
+  it('gives a Truck Dock a second red box and not one more car length', () => {
+    /**
+     * The case as it was described: "if I have a Grocer's Warehouse that receives, it has one red
+     * box. If it has a Truck Dock next to it, that should give it a second red box. There is no
+     * change to the number of cars that are allowed to be dropped here."
+     *
+     * Both halves matter, and the second half is the one that used to be wrong: the Truck Dock's
+     * inbound grant lengthened the industry track along with the box, because the track's length WAS
+     * the box count. The boxes are how much work the industry can hold; the card holds four cars
+     * either way.
+     */
+    const { f, card } = modifierBeside('truckDock', 'grocersWarehouse', true, true);
+    assert.equal(f.capacity.inbound, 2, 'the Truck Dock did not add the red box it prints');
+    assert.equal(f.capacity.outbound, 1, 'the Truck Dock added a green box, which it does not print');
+
+    assert.equal(
+      spaceOn(card as never), MAX_CONSIST,
+      'a Modifier changed how many cars may be set out at the industry it stands beside',
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('does not give a Passenger Facility an industry track by way of a Modifier', () => {
     // FOUND by rendering 12,000 frames of real games rather than a fixture: a Waiting Area beside the
-    // Office lengthened `industryTrack`, and the board then drew the Depot a siding square to spot a
-    // car on. The same phantom siding the renderer had just been fixed for, arriving by another door.
+    // Office lengthened `industryTrack`, and the board then drew the Depot a square to spot a car on.
     // A Waiting Area's "+1" is a passenger slot; passengers board off the platform.
+    //
+    // The length field is gone now — an industry track holds four cars like any other card, so there
+    // was never a number for a Modifier to raise. What is still worth pinning down is the property
+    // that bug was really about: an Office keeps its cars in `standing` and has no industry track for
+    // a Modifier to hand it, no matter what the Modifier prints.
     const s = game();
     const area = areaOf(s, 0);
     applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'localOps.choose', option: 'draw' });
 
     // Forced open so this tests the freight/passenger distinction rather than the `allows` gating —
     // the Office starts as a Whistle Post, which is not a Passenger Facility and takes nothing.
-    const office = area.grid.get(coordKey(area.officeCoord))!.facility!;
+    const officeCard = area.grid.get(coordKey(area.officeCoord))!;
+    const office = officeCard.facility!;
     office.allows = { outbound: true, inbound: true };
-    const before = office.industryTrack.length;
 
     const waiting = [...s.cards.entries()].find(
       ([, c]) => c.kind.kind === 'modifier' && c.kind.modifier === 'waitingArea',
@@ -934,37 +1039,68 @@ describe("a Modifier grants only what its host's flow can use", () => {
     assert.equal(office.capacity.outbound, 1, 'the passenger slot should still be granted');
     assert.equal(office.porters, 1, 'the porter should still be granted');
     assert.equal(
-      office.industryTrack.length, before,
+      carsOn(officeCard), officeCard.standing,
       'a Modifier gave a Passenger Facility an industry track to spot cars on',
     );
   });
 
-  it('says which bonus was dropped, and why', () => {
-    // The number genuinely does not move; what was missing was the reason.
+  it('suppresses a grant the host cannot use — and gives it back when it can', () => {
+    /**
+     * REPORTED from play: "Restaurant attached to a whistle stop, then upgrade to depot — depot only
+     * shows one green / one red box. I expected two, because Restaurant increases outbound by one."
+     *
+     * `hosts: ['office']` includes a Whistle Post, which is NOT a Passenger Facility, so the +1
+     * outbound is genuinely unusable while the Office is a Whistle Post — suppressing it is right,
+     * and saying so is what the panel is for. Losing it FOREVER was the bug: the upgrade applied
+     * only the difference between two tiers and knew nothing about what had been discarded.
+     *
+     * This used to be written against an Ice House on a Grocer's Warehouse. That case no longer
+     * suppresses anything, because the Grocer's is a both-direction facility — which was the other
+     * half of the same report.
+     */
     const s = game();
     const area = areaOf(s, 0);
-    const at = { row: -1, col: 4 };
-    area.grid.set(coordKey(at), withFacility('grocersWarehouse', false, true) as never);
+    const office = area.grid.get(coordKey(area.officeCoord))!;
+    assert.equal(office.facility!.allows.outbound, false, 'a Whistle Post is not a Passenger Facility');
+
     applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'localOps.choose', option: 'draw' });
-    const ice = [...s.cards.entries()].find(
-      ([, c]) => c.kind.kind === 'modifier' && c.kind.modifier === 'iceHouse',
+    const restaurant = [...s.cards.entries()].find(
+      ([, c]) => c.kind.kind === 'modifier' && c.kind.modifier === 'restaurant',
     )!;
-
-    // Before it is played, the card in hand warns which of its two printed hosts cannot use it.
-    const what = cardDescription(s, ice[0]);
-    assert.match(what, /only receives/, 'the hand card does not warn about the dead half');
-
-    s.decks.hands.set(0, [ice[0]]);
+    s.decks.hands.set(0, [restaurant[0]]);
     assert.ok(applyIntent(s, 0, {
-      type: 'card.play', cardId: ice[0], placement: { row: at.row, col: at.col + 1 },
-    }).ok);
+      type: 'card.play',
+      cardId: restaurant[0],
+      placement: { row: area.officeCoord.row - 1, col: area.officeCoord.col },
+    }).ok, 'the Restaurant could not be played beside the Office');
 
-    const fv = snapshot(s, [], null).facilities.find((v) => v.name.includes('Grocer'));
-    assert.ok(fv, "the Grocer's Warehouse is missing from the panel");
+    const f = office.facility!;
+    assert.equal(f.capacity.outbound, 0, 'a Whistle Post gained a passenger slot it cannot have');
+    assert.equal(f.porters, 1, 'the porter has no direction gate and should have landed');
+
+    const fv = snapshot(s, [], null).facilities.find((v) => v.name.includes('Whistle'));
+    assert.ok(fv, 'the Office is missing from the panel');
     assert.equal(fv!.suppressed.length, 1, 'the dropped bonus is not reported');
-    assert.match(fv!.suppressed[0]!, /Ice House/);
-    // And the modifier is now recorded against the host it served, which never used to happen.
-    assert.deepEqual(fv!.modifiers, ['Ice House'], 'the modifier is not listed against its host');
+    assert.match(fv!.suppressed[0]!, /Restaurant/);
+    assert.deepEqual(fv!.modifiers, ['Restaurant'], 'the modifier is not listed against its host');
+
+    // Upgrading makes it a Passenger Facility, and the slot the Restaurant always printed arrives.
+    reduce(s, { type: 'officeUpgraded', player: 0, from: 'whistlePost', to: 'depot' });
+    assert.equal(f.allows.outbound, true);
+    assert.equal(
+      f.capacity.outbound,
+      officeProfile('depot').passengerOut + 1,
+      "the Restaurant's slot did not come back when the Office could finally use it",
+    );
+
+    // And it is paid ONCE: a second upgrade must not grant it again.
+    const afterDepot = f.capacity.outbound;
+    reduce(s, { type: 'officeUpgraded', player: 0, from: 'depot', to: 'station' });
+    assert.equal(
+      f.capacity.outbound,
+      afterDepot + (officeProfile('station').passengerOut - officeProfile('depot').passengerOut),
+      'the Restaurant was paid a second time on the next upgrade',
+    );
   });
 });
 
@@ -1249,3 +1385,274 @@ describe('an Office upgrade keeps what Modifiers added (§9)', () => {
     assert.ok(office().capacity.outbound > base.out, 'and the upgrade still raised the tier');
   });
 });
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('the engine is drawn pointing east or west, whatever track it is standing on', () => {
+  /**
+   * Reported from play: a crew that turned onto a north-south spur drew ▲, and the same crew kept
+   * that ▲ after it departed onto the Division — where there is no north or south at all — because
+   * nothing resets `facing` when a train leaves a district. A Division runs east and west, and a
+   * player reads a train the way a railroader does: which END the engine is on.
+   *
+   * So `facing` stays a PORT (movement needs one) and `railFacingOf` is what the board draws.
+   */
+  const moved = (id: string, facing: 'n' | 's' | 'e' | 'w') =>
+    ({ type: 'trayMoved', trayId: id, from: at(0, 0), to: at(0, 0), movesRemaining: 3, facing }) as const;
+
+  it('carries the east-west sense across north-south track', () => {
+    const s = game();
+    const id = placeTray(s, at(0, 0));
+    const tray = s.trays.get(id)!;
+
+    reduce(s, moved(id, 'w'));
+    assert.equal(railFacingOf(tray), 'w');
+
+    // Onto a curve, and away up a spur. The port is north; the engine is still on the west end.
+    reduce(s, moved(id, 'n'));
+    assert.equal(tray.facing, 'n', 'the movement port must still be the real one');
+    assert.equal(railFacingOf(tray), 'w', 'but the drawing must not turn the train on end');
+  });
+
+  it('follows the engine around 180° of curves, because that really is a turn', () => {
+    // Forward through two curves — west port to north, north to east — and the engine genuinely
+    // does come out pointing the other way. Held values are held, not frozen.
+    const s = game();
+    const id = placeTray(s, at(0, 0));
+    const tray = s.trays.get(id)!;
+    for (const f of ['w', 'n', 'e'] as const) reduce(s, moved(id, f));
+    assert.equal(railFacingOf(tray), 'e');
+  });
+
+  it('falls back to the direction of the run for a tray that has not moved yet', () => {
+    // A tray placed straight onto the board has no history to carry, and `direction` is the only
+    // east-west fact about it.
+    const s = game();
+    const tray = s.trays.get(placeTray(s, at(0, 0)))!;
+    assert.equal(tray.railFacing, undefined);
+    assert.equal(railFacingOf(tray), 'e', 'placed running east');
+    tray.direction = 'west';
+    assert.equal(railFacingOf(tray), 'w');
+  });
+
+  it('never reports north or south to the board', () => {
+    // The view type says 'e' | 'w'; this is the runtime half of that promise, and it is the one a
+    // north-south spur used to break.
+    const s = game();
+    const id = placeTray(s, at(0, 0), [{ type: 'boxcar', loaded: false }] as never);
+    addCard(s, at(0, 0), straight());
+    reduce(s, moved(id, 's'));
+    const cell = snapshot(s, [], null).cells.find((c) => c.row === 0 && c.col === 0);
+    assert.ok(cell?.train, 'the train should be on the card');
+    assert.ok(cell.train.facing === 'e' || cell.train.facing === 'w', `got ${cell.train.facing}`);
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('a train that rounds a curve points where the curve took it', () => {
+  /**
+   * REPORTED from play: "a train reversed into a siding and the display of the cars was reversed."
+   *
+   * `facing` is the port the engine would leave by, and a move recorded it as `opposite(entry)` —
+   * which is only the far end of a STRAIGHT. A curve is an arc between two ADJACENT edges: enter a
+   * north-west curve through its west port and the far end is north, not east. So a train that
+   * rounded a curve was left facing a port the card does not have.
+   *
+   * Two things went wrong with that. Movement: the next Move explores from `facing`, and a port the
+   * card lacks yields nothing, so the crew could only ever back out the way it came. Display: the
+   * east-west sense is carried from `facing` (`railFacingOf`), so a curve that turned the engine
+   * west could leave the board still drawing it east — the consist mirrored, which is what was seen.
+   */
+  const curve = (arc: 'ne' | 'nw' | 'se' | 'sw'): TrackCard => ({
+    geometry: { kind: 'track', geometry: 'curved', arc, hand: 'right' },
+    baseOperationalRail: true,
+    standing: [],
+    facility: null,
+    modifiers: [],
+    enhancements: [],
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Runs a crew one Move and reports where the engine ended up pointing.
+   *
+   * The card it starts ON matters as much as the one it moves to: a crew facing north or south has
+   * to be standing on something with that port, and only a curve has one.
+   */
+  const roundIt = (
+    from: GridCoord,
+    to: GridCoord,
+    origin: TrackCard,
+    dest: TrackCard,
+    start: { facing: 'n' | 's' | 'e' | 'w'; railFacing: 'e' | 'w' },
+    reverse = false,
+  ): { facing?: string; drawn: string } => {
+    const s = game();
+    addCard(s, from, origin);
+    addCard(s, to, dest);
+    const id = placeTray(s, from, [{ type: 'boxcar', loaded: false }] as never);
+    const tray = s.trays.get(id)!;
+    tray.facing = start.facing;
+    tray.railFacing = start.railFacing;
+    s.clock.phase = 'localOps';
+    s.clock.currentActor = 0;
+    turnOf(s, 0).option = 'switch';
+
+    const r = applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'switch.move', trayId: id, to, reverse });
+    assert.ok(r.ok, `the move was refused: ${r.ok ? '' : r.code}`);
+    return { facing: tray.facing, drawn: railFacingOf(tray) };
+  };
+
+  it('leaves by the curve’s own far end, not by the opposite of the way it came in', () => {
+    // East along the running track into a curve that turns north. The far end is NORTH.
+    const out = roundIt({ row: 0, col: 0 }, { row: 0, col: 1 }, straight(), curve('nw'), { facing: 'e', railFacing: 'e' });
+    assert.equal(out.facing, 'n', 'the engine was left facing a port the curve does not have');
+  });
+
+  it('does not strand the crew on the curve it just rounded', () => {
+    // The symptom the wrong port produces: `movesFor` explores from `facing`, and a card without
+    // that port yields nothing at all — so the only move left was backing out the way it came.
+    const s = game();
+    addCard(s, at(0, 0), straight());
+    addCard(s, at(0, 1), curve('nw')); // joins north and west
+    addCard(s, at(1, 1), curve('se')); // joins south and east — the track continues
+    addCard(s, at(1, 2), straight());
+    const id = placeTray(s, at(0, 0), []);
+    s.trays.get(id)!.facing = 'e';
+    s.clock.phase = 'localOps';
+    s.clock.currentActor = 0;
+    turnOf(s, 0).option = 'switch';
+
+    assert.ok(applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'switch.move', trayId: id, to: at(0, 1), reverse: false }).ok);
+    const { to } = movesFor(s, 0, id);
+    assert.ok(
+      to.some((c) => c.row === 1 && c.col === 1),
+      'the crew cannot carry on round the curve — it can only back out the way it came',
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('can still back out of the curve it just rounded', () => {
+    /**
+     * THE OTHER HALF OF THE SAME MISTAKE, and the one that bites hardest.
+     *
+     * Forward exits by `facing`; reverse used to exit by `opposite(facing)` — which, again, is the
+     * other end of a STRAIGHT and of nothing else. A crew standing on a north-west curve facing
+     * north reverses out through WEST, the way it came; `opposite('n')` is south, a port the curve
+     * does not have, so backing up found nothing.
+     *
+     * Fixing only the forward case moved the problem rather than solving it: before, a crew that
+     * rounded a curve could only back out; after, it could only carry on. A crew must be able to do
+     * both, which is what makes a siding reachable and therefore what makes setting out a cut
+     * possible at all.
+     */
+    const s = game();
+    addCard(s, at(0, 0), straight());
+    addCard(s, at(0, 1), curve('nw')); // joins north and west
+    addCard(s, at(1, 1), curve('se')); // the spur carries on north
+    const id = placeTray(s, at(0, 0), []);
+    s.trays.get(id)!.facing = 'e';
+    s.clock.phase = 'localOps';
+    s.clock.currentActor = 0;
+    turnOf(s, 0).option = 'switch';
+
+    assert.ok(applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'switch.move', trayId: id, to: at(0, 1), reverse: false }).ok);
+    const { to } = movesFor(s, 0, id);
+    assert.ok(
+      to.some((c) => c.row === 0 && c.col === 0),
+      'the crew cannot back off the curve onto the track it came from',
+    );
+    assert.ok(
+      to.some((c) => c.row === 1 && c.col === 1),
+      'the crew cannot carry on round the curve either',
+    );
+    // And backing up really does go there, rather than merely being offered.
+    assert.ok(applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'switch.move', trayId: id, to: at(0, 0), reverse: true }).ok);
+  });
+
+  it('turns the DRAWN direction when the curve really does turn the engine round', () => {
+    // South down a spur into a curve that turns west. The engine genuinely now points west, and the
+    // board has to say so — this is the mirrored consist that was reported.
+    const out = roundIt({ row: 1, col: 1 }, { row: 0, col: 1 }, curve('se'), curve('nw'), { facing: 's', railFacing: 'e' });
+    assert.equal(out.facing, 'w', 'the curve turned the engine west');
+    assert.equal(out.drawn, 'w', 'the board would still have drawn the consist facing east');
+  });
+
+  it('still points back the way it came when it BACKS round a curve', () => {
+    // Backing up does not turn a train around, whatever the track does underneath it: the engine
+    // trails, pointing out through the port the train came in by. That is geometry-independent and
+    // was already right — this is here so the fix above cannot quietly change it.
+    const out = roundIt({ row: 1, col: 1 }, { row: 0, col: 1 }, curve('se'), curve('nw'), { facing: 'n', railFacing: 'e' }, true);
+    assert.equal(out.facing, 'n', 'backing up turned the train around');
+    assert.equal(out.drawn, 'e', 'backing up changed which end the engine is on');
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('the switching job a player actually does: put a car in a siding, take an empty to an industry', () => {
+  /**
+   * REPORTED from play: "I'm trying to switch to get an empty car to an industry, but I can't drop
+   * any cars on the siding first."
+   *
+   * Setting out a cut needs no Move and is refused almost nowhere — but you can only set out where
+   * the train IS, and the Office square itself is barred (§A.4). So "I cannot drop" is nearly always
+   * "I cannot GET there", and getting there means leaving the Running Track through a turnout and a
+   * curve. That is exactly where `opposite(facing)` was wrong in both directions.
+   *
+   * This walks the whole errand rather than any one rule, because each individual rule passed its
+   * own test while the errand was impossible.
+   */
+  const curve = (arc: 'ne' | 'nw' | 'se' | 'sw'): TrackCard => ({
+    geometry: { kind: 'track', geometry: 'curved', arc, hand: 'right' },
+    baseOperationalRail: true, standing: [], facility: null, modifiers: [], enhancements: [],
+  });
+  const turnout = (o: { stem: 'n' | 's' | 'e' | 'w'; through: 'n' | 's' | 'e' | 'w'; diverge: 'n' | 's' | 'e' | 'w' }): TrackCard => ({
+    geometry: { kind: 'track', geometry: 'turnout', turnout: o, hand: 'right' },
+    baseOperationalRail: true, standing: [], facility: null, modifiers: [], enhancements: [],
+  });
+
+  it('takes a cut off the Running Track into a siding and sets it out', () => {
+    const s = game();
+    // Running Track east from the Office, with a turnout diverging north onto a short siding.
+    addCard(s, at(0, 0), straight());
+    addCard(s, at(0, 1), turnout({ stem: 'w', through: 'e', diverge: 'n' }));
+    addCard(s, at(0, 2), straight());
+    addCard(s, at(1, 1), curve('se')); // up off the turnout, then east along the siding
+    addCard(s, at(1, 2), straight());
+
+    const id = placeTray(s, at(0, 0), [
+      { type: 'boxcar', loaded: false },
+      { type: 'tank', loaded: false },
+    ] as never);
+    s.trays.get(id)!.facing = 'e';
+    s.clock.phase = 'localOps';
+    s.clock.currentActor = 0;
+    turnOf(s, 0).option = 'switch';
+
+    // Out of the Office and up onto the siding. A turnout is not somewhere a train may stop, so the
+    // first square it can finish on is the curve beyond it.
+    const reachable = movesFor(s, 0, id).to;
+    assert.ok(
+      reachable.some((c) => c.row === 1 && c.col === 1),
+      'the siding is not reachable from the Running Track at all',
+    );
+    assert.ok(applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'switch.move', trayId: id, to: at(1, 1), reverse: false }).ok);
+
+    // Set the cut out. This is the step that was reported as impossible.
+    const drop = applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'switch.dropCars', trayId: id, count: 1 });
+    assert.ok(drop.ok, `setting out on the siding was refused: ${drop.ok ? '' : drop.code}`);
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      areaOf(s, 0).grid.get(coordKey(at(1, 1)))!.standing.map((c) => c.type),
+      ['tank'],
+      'the car did not end up on the siding',
+    );
+    assert.equal(s.trays.get(id)!.consist.length, 1, 'the train still has the car it set out');
+
+    // And it can get back off the siding again, carrying the empty on toward an industry.
+    const after = movesFor(s, 0, id).to;
+    assert.ok(
+      after.some((c) => c.row === 0 && c.col === 0) || after.some((c) => c.row === 0 && c.col === 2),
+      'the crew is stranded on the siding — it cannot return to the Running Track',
+    );
+  });
+});

test/cut-ordering.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+/**
+ * §A.3 — cars occupy the track "in the same order they originally held, left-to-right".
+ *
+ * Left-to-right is west-to-east, and `TrackCard.standing` had no defined orientation at all until
+ * this release. Three reports came out of that one omission and each gets its own battery here:
+ * a cut parked in a different order depending on how many cars were set out at once; a train that
+ * got the identical consist whichever end it approached a cut from; and a train that drove straight
+ * through the cars it had just set out.
+ */
+
+import { describe, it } from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+
+import { applyIntent, areaOf, check } from '../src/engine/apply.ts';
+import { createGame } from '../src/engine/setup.ts';
+import type { CrewTray, GameConfig, GameState, GridCoord, RollingStock, TrackCard } from '../src/engine/state.ts';
+import { carsOn, coordKey, turnOf } from '../src/engine/state.ts';
+
+const config: GameConfig = {
+  mode: 'solitaire',
+  victory: 'highestAfterDays',
+  length: 'standard',
+  optionalRules: {
+    reducedVisibility: false,
+    sisterTrains: false,
+    employeeRotation: false,
+    emergencyToolbox: false,
+  },
+};
+
+const game = (seed = 77): GameState => createGame({ id: 'g', seed, config, playerNames: ['Jesse'] });
+const at = (row: number, col: number): GridCoord => ({ row, col });
+const car = (type: string, loaded = false): RollingStock => ({ type, loaded }) as RollingStock;
+
+const straight = (standing: RollingStock[] = []): TrackCard => ({
+  geometry: { kind: 'track', geometry: 'straight' },
+  baseOperationalRail: true,
+  standing,
+  facility: null,
+  modifiers: [],
+  enhancements: [],
+});
+
+function addCard(s: GameState, coord: GridCoord, card: TrackCard): void {
+  areaOf(s, 0).grid.set(coordKey(coord), card);
+}
+
+/** A row of plain straights, on row 1 — row 0 is the Running Track and holds the Office. */
+function row(s: GameState, n: number): void {
+  for (let c = 0; c < n; c++) addCard(s, at(1, c), straight());
+}
+
+function placeTray(
+  s: GameState,
+  coord: GridCoord,
+  consist: RollingStock[],
+  facing: 'e' | 'w',
+  engineAt = 0,
+): string {
+  const id = s.freeTrays.pop()!;
+  s.trays.set(id, {
+    id,
+    trainNumber: null,
+    trainIsExtra: false,
+    engineAt,
+    consist,
+    direction: facing === 'w' ? 'west' : 'east',
+    facing,
+    railFacing: facing,
+    position: { at: 'grid', seat: 0, coord },
+    movesUsed: 0,
+  } as CrewTray);
+  return id;
+}
+
+/** Puts the game in the one phase switching intents are legal in. */
+function switching(s: GameState): void {
+  s.clock.phase = 'localOps';
+  s.clock.currentActor = 0;
+  turnOf(s, 0).option = 'switch';
+}
+
+const types = (cars: readonly RollingStock[]): string[] => cars.map((c) => c.type);
+
+const FOUR = (): RollingStock[] => [car('boxcar'), car('hopper'), car('reefer'), car('tank')];
+
+const standingAt = (s: GameState, coord: GridCoord): string[] =>
+  types(carsOn(areaOf(s, 0).grid.get(coordKey(coord))!));
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('a cut parks in the same order however many cars come off at once', () => {
+  /**
+   * Reported: "when dropping all 4 cars, order was reversed. It worked properly if we dropped cars
+   * individually." Both halves are the same bug — `carsDropped` pushed onto the end of the array
+   * whatever end the cut came off, so the answer depended on how the player chose to spend the drop.
+   *
+   * A drop costs no Moves, so one drop of four and four drops of one are the SAME turn played two
+   * ways. They must park the same cars in the same order, and that is the whole property.
+   */
+  function park(facing: 'e' | 'w', fromNose: boolean, batches: number[]): string[] {
+    const s = game();
+    row(s, 1);
+    // The engine goes at whichever end lets the cut come off the one being tested: cars ahead of it
+    // for a nose drop, behind it for a tail drop.
+    const id = placeTray(s, at(1, 0), FOUR(), facing, fromNose ? 4 : 0);
+    switching(s);
+    for (const count of batches) {
+      const r = applyIntent(s, 0, {
+        type: 'switch.dropCars',
+        trayId: id,
+        count,
+        ...(fromNose ? { fromNose: true } : {}),
+      });
+      assert.ok(r.ok, `drop of ${count} refused: ${r.ok ? '' : r.code}`);
+    }
+    return standingAt(s, at(1, 0));
+  }
+
+  for (const facing of ['e', 'w'] as const) {
+    for (const fromNose of [false, true]) {
+      const end = fromNose ? 'nose' : 'tail';
+      it(`is batch-invariant off the ${end}, facing ${facing}`, () => {
+        const all = park(facing, fromNose, [4]);
+        assert.equal(all.length, 4, 'all four cars should be standing on the card');
+        assert.deepEqual(park(facing, fromNose, [1, 1, 1, 1]), all, 'four singles parked a different order than one four');
+        assert.deepEqual(park(facing, fromNose, [2, 2]), all, 'two pairs parked a different order again');
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  it('parks west-to-east, so an east-facing train sets its tail cut out behind itself', () => {
+    // Consist is nose first and the nose points east, so `[boxcar hopper reefer tank]` stands on the
+    // ground as tank, reefer, hopper, boxcar reading west to east. The tail car is the westmost.
+    assert.deepEqual(park('e', false, [4]), ['tank', 'reefer', 'hopper', 'boxcar']);
+    // Facing west the tray already reads west-to-east, so it goes down as it stands.
+    assert.deepEqual(park('w', false, [4]), ['boxcar', 'hopper', 'reefer', 'tank']);
+  });
+
+  it('keeps the two cuts apart when a train sets out off both ends on one square', () => {
+    // §A.3 lets a cut come off either outer end, so both can happen on one square. The engine ends
+    // up standing between them, which is the thing `standingWest` exists to record.
+    const s = game();
+    row(s, 1);
+    const id = placeTray(s, at(1, 0), FOUR(), 'e', 2);
+    switching(s);
+    assert.ok(applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'switch.dropCars', trayId: id, count: 1, fromNose: true }).ok);
+    assert.ok(applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'switch.dropCars', trayId: id, count: 1 }).ok);
+
+    // Facing east: the nose cut (boxcar) is set out east of the engine, the tail cut (tank) west.
+    assert.deepEqual(standingAt(s, at(1, 0)), ['tank', 'boxcar']);
+    assert.equal(s.trays.get(id)!.standingWest, 1, 'the engine should be standing between the two cuts');
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('a parked cut mirrors depending on which end the train comes from', () => {
+  /**
+   * The consist a train ends up with must depend on which way it ran, or a run-around buys nothing.
+   * `couples` was accumulated in path order with no reference to the direction of travel, so both
+   * approaches produced the identical tray.
+   */
+  function collect(from: 'west' | 'east'): string[] {
+    const s = game();
+    row(s, 3);
+    // The cut stands on the middle square, boxcar west of hopper.
+    addCard(s, at(1, 1), straight([car('boxcar'), car('hopper')]));
+    const start = from === 'west' ? at(1, 0) : at(1, 2);
+    const to = from === 'west' ? at(1, 2) : at(1, 0);
+    const id = placeTray(s, start, [], from === 'west' ? 'e' : 'w');
+    switching(s);
+    const r = applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'switch.move', trayId: id, to, reverse: false });
+    assert.ok(r.ok, `the run was refused: ${r.ok ? '' : r.code}`);
+    return types(s.trays.get(id)!.consist);
+  }
+
+  it('gives mirrored consists, never the same one twice', () => {
+    const eastbound = collect('west');
+    const westbound = collect('east');
+    assert.notDeepEqual(eastbound, westbound, 'approaching from either end gave the identical consist');
+    assert.deepEqual(eastbound, [...westbound].reverse(), 'the two approaches are not mirror images');
+  });
+
+  it('puts the car the engine met LAST on the nose, running forward', () => {
+    // Running east onto boxcar-then-hopper, the engine pushes the boxcar ahead of it and picks the
+    // hopper up in front of that. Nose first, the tray reads hopper, boxcar.
+    assert.deepEqual(collect('west'), ['hopper', 'boxcar']);
+    assert.deepEqual(collect('east'), ['boxcar', 'hopper']);
+  });
+
+  it('couples behind the train nearest-car-first when backing up', () => {
+    const s = game();
+    row(s, 3);
+    addCard(s, at(1, 1), straight([car('boxcar'), car('hopper')]));
+    // Facing east at the east end, so backing up runs WEST into the cut: it meets the hopper first.
+    const id = placeTray(s, at(1, 2), [car('caboose')], 'e');
+    switching(s);
+    const r = applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'switch.move', trayId: id, to: at(1, 0), reverse: true });
+    assert.ok(r.ok, `the reverse move was refused: ${r.ok ? '' : r.code}`);
+    assert.deepEqual(types(s.trays.get(id)!.consist), ['caboose', 'hopper', 'boxcar']);
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('a train may not drive through the cut on its own card (§A.4)', () => {
+  /**
+   * Reported: "if I put cars off the nose on a given track, and my next move is go forward, I need
+   * to couple those cars right back on." The walk started at the NEIGHBOUR of the start square and
+   * never read the start card at all, so the cut was simply left behind.
+   *
+   * The rule is direction-sensitive, which is the point: only the cut at the end the train pulls out
+   * through is in the way. That is what makes setting out off one particular end a decision.
+   */
+  function runOut(fromNose: boolean, reverse: boolean): { consist: string[]; left: string[] } {
+    const s = game();
+    row(s, 3);
+    const id = placeTray(s, at(1, 1), [car('boxcar'), car('hopper')], 'e', fromNose ? 2 : 0);
+    switching(s);
+    assert.ok(
+      applyIntent(s, 0, {
+        type: 'switch.dropCars',
+        trayId: id,
+        count: 1,
+        ...(fromNose ? { fromNose: true } : {}),
+      }).ok,
+    );
+    const to = reverse ? at(1, 0) : at(1, 2);
+    const r = applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'switch.move', trayId: id, to, reverse });
+    assert.ok(r.ok, `the move was refused: ${r.ok ? '' : r.code}`);
+    return { consist: types(s.trays.get(id)!.consist), left: standingAt(s, at(1, 1)) };
+  }
+
+  it('picks a nose cut back up when it pulls forward through it', () => {
+    const out = runOut(true, false);
+    assert.deepEqual(out.left, [], 'the cut was left standing on the card the train pulled out of');
+    assert.equal(out.consist.length, 2, 'the train should have both cars back');
+  });
+
+  it('leaves a nose cut standing when it backs away from it instead', () => {
+    const out = runOut(true, true);
+    assert.deepEqual(out.left, ['boxcar'], 'backing away from a nose cut should leave it where it is');
+    assert.deepEqual(out.consist, ['hopper']);
+  });
+
+  it('encodes §A.5’s trailing-point step 1 — drop the back cars, then pull away from them', () => {
+    // "Drop the back two cars (blue and red) on Card F. Move train to Card B." The whole example
+    // collapses if that first move drags them along again.
+    const s = game();
+    row(s, 3);
+    const id = placeTray(s, at(1, 2), FOUR(), 'w');
+    switching(s);
+    assert.ok(applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'switch.dropCars', trayId: id, count: 2 }).ok);
+    const r = applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'switch.move', trayId: id, to: at(1, 0), reverse: false });
+    assert.ok(r.ok, `pulling away from the set-out cars was refused: ${r.ok ? '' : r.code}`);
+    assert.deepEqual(types(s.trays.get(id)!.consist), ['boxcar', 'hopper'], 'the train kept cars it had set out');
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      standingAt(s, at(1, 2)),
+      ['reefer', 'tank'],
+      'the two cars set out should still be standing on the square the train left',
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('counts the own cut against the four-car limit', () => {
+    // A full tray that sets out one car cannot simply pull forward through it again — that would be
+    // five cars, and coupling is mandatory, so the MOVE is what has to be refused.
+    const s = game();
+    row(s, 3);
+    const id = placeTray(s, at(1, 1), FOUR(), 'e', 4);
+    switching(s);
+    assert.ok(applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'switch.dropCars', trayId: id, count: 1, fromNose: true }).ok);
+    // Refill the tray so the recoupled car would be a fifth.
+    s.trays.get(id)!.consist = FOUR();
+    assert.equal(check(s, 0, { type: 'switch.move', trayId: id, to: at(1, 2), reverse: false }), 'ILLEGAL_MOVE');
+    // Backing away from it is still legal — the cut is not at that end.
+    assert.equal(check(s, 0, { type: 'switch.move', trayId: id, to: at(1, 0), reverse: true }), null);
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('the round trip comes back with the train it started with', () => {
+  /**
+   * Drop, run clear, back up, collect. This was already self-consistent before the fix — whatever
+   * order got parked came back — and it has to STAY that way now that both halves have changed, at
+   * both facings and every batch size.
+   */
+  for (const facing of ['e', 'w'] as const) {
+    for (const batches of [[4], [1, 1, 1, 1], [2, 2]]) {
+      it(`survives ${batches.join('+')} cars set out, facing ${facing}`, () => {
+        const s = game();
+        row(s, 3);
+        const start = facing === 'e' ? at(1, 0) : at(1, 2);
+        const away = facing === 'e' ? at(1, 2) : at(1, 0);
+        const before = types(FOUR());
+        const id = placeTray(s, start, FOUR(), facing);
+        switching(s);
+        turnOf(s, 0).movesRemaining = 6;
+
+        for (const count of batches) {
+          assert.ok(applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'switch.dropCars', trayId: id, count }).ok);
+        }
+        assert.equal(s.trays.get(id)!.consist.length, 0, 'the whole train should be on the ground');
+
+        // Pull forward clear of the cut, then back up onto it again.
+        assert.ok(applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'switch.move', trayId: id, to: away, reverse: false }).ok);
+        const back = applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'switch.move', trayId: id, to: start, reverse: true });
+        assert.ok(back.ok, `backing onto the cut was refused: ${back.ok ? '' : back.code}`);
+
+        assert.deepEqual(types(s.trays.get(id)!.consist), before, 'the train came back in a different order');
+        assert.deepEqual(standingAt(s, start), [], 'cars were left behind');
+      });
+    }
+  }
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('taking your own cut back is undoing the drop, not a fresh pick-up', () => {
+  /**
+   * Jesse's call, of the two answers the plan put up. Trains 3/4 print "may drop OR pick up one
+   * freight car at every location" and the two share one budget, so a drop off the nose would
+   * otherwise leave the train forbidden to pull forward past its own cars — a legal-looking move
+   * that is silently one-way. Same shape for X13's "drop but not pick up".
+   */
+  it('refunds the 3/4 Express its per-location freight budget', () => {
+    const s = game();
+    row(s, 3);
+    const id = placeTray(s, at(1, 1), [car('boxcar'), car('hopper')], 'e', 2);
+    s.trays.get(id)!.trainNumber = 3;
+    switching(s);
+    turnOf(s, 0).movesRemaining = 6;
+
+    assert.ok(applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'switch.dropCars', trayId: id, count: 1, fromNose: true }).ok);
+    const r = applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'switch.move', trayId: id, to: at(1, 2), reverse: false });
+    assert.ok(r.ok, `the Express could not take its own car back: ${r.ok ? '' : r.code}`);
+    assert.equal(s.trays.get(id)!.consist.length, 2, 'the car it set out should be back on the train');
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      Object.values(turnOf(s, 0).freightWorked).filter((n) => n > 0),
+      [],
+      'the drop it undid is still charged against the square it was made on',
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('still charges a genuine pick-up', () => {
+    // The exemption is for YOUR OWN cut and nothing else: a car that was already standing there when
+    // the crew arrived is an ordinary pick-up and the budget still bites.
+    const s = game();
+    row(s, 3);
+    addCard(s, at(1, 2), straight([car('reefer')]));
+    const id = placeTray(s, at(1, 1), [car('boxcar'), car('hopper')], 'e', 2);
+    s.trays.get(id)!.trainNumber = 3;
+    switching(s);
+    turnOf(s, 0).movesRemaining = 6;
+
+    assert.ok(applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'switch.dropCars', trayId: id, count: 1, fromNose: true }).ok);
+    assert.ok(applyIntent(s, 0, { type: 'switch.move', trayId: id, to: at(1, 2), reverse: false }).ok);
+    assert.equal(
+      turnOf(s, 0).freightWorked[`${id}@${coordKey(at(1, 2))}`],
+      1,
+      'only the car that was already standing there should be charged',
+    );
+  });
+});

test/enhancements.test.ts

@@ -38,7 +38,15 @@ function addCard(s: GameState, coord: GridCoord, card: TrackCard): void {
   areaOf(s, 0).grid.set(coordKey(coord), card);
 }
 
-/** Puts an enhancement card in hand and returns its id. */
+/**
+ * An Enhancement in hand — minting one if the deck does not deal it.
+ *
+ * Facing Point Locks, the Water Column and the Overpass answer opponent-directed cards, which are
+ * held out of every deck until they are implemented, so those three are no longer dealt either
+ * (v0.4.7). Their RULES are still live and still worth testing: they fire the moment their attacker
+ * returns, and a rule nobody exercises is a rule that rots. So the card is put in hand directly
+ * rather than fished out of a deck that deliberately no longer contains it.
+ */
 function handEnhancement(s: GameState, key: string): string {
   for (const [id, card] of s.cards) {
     if (card.kind.kind === 'enhancement' && card.kind.key === key) {
@@ -46,7 +54,10 @@ function handEnhancement(s: GameState, key: string): string {
       return id;
     }
   }
-  throw new Error(`no enhancement card: ${key}`);
+  const id = `mint-${key}-${s.cards.size}`;
+  s.cards.set(id, { id, kind: { kind: 'enhancement', key } } as never);
+  s.decks.hands.set(0, [id]);
+  return id;
 }
 
 /** Puts a specific track card in hand and returns its id. */
@@ -332,7 +343,20 @@ describe('ABS Signals amend the collision rule', () => {
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-describe('one Revenue for every train that clears your section', () => {
+describe('train revenue per transit — paid to EVERY player when a train completes its run', () => {
+  /**
+   * `trainPerTransit` is a dial now, and it defaults to ZERO: at 1 it was worth ~5.4 Revenue against
+   * a bot mean of 7.0, drowning out the freight and passenger economies the game is about. These
+   * tests are about the rule, so they set the rate; the last one is about the default.
+   */
+  const paying = (rate = 1, seed = 5): GameState =>
+    createGame({
+      id: 'g',
+      seed,
+      config: { ...config, houseRules: { revenue: { trainPerTransit: rate } } },
+      playerNames: ['p'],
+    });
+
   /** A train sitting on the A/D track, made up and ready to highball. */
   const readyToLeave = (s: GameState, direction: 'east' | 'west' = 'east'): string => {
     const id = 'leaving';
@@ -348,35 +372,87 @@ describe('one Revenue for every train that clears your section', () => {
     return id;
   };
 
-  it('pays the owner when a train departs onto the Mainline', () => {
+  it('pays nothing for merely leaving the Office', () => {
+    /**
+     * THE RULE CHANGED IN v0.4.2. It used to pay 1 to the Office a train departed, which meant a
+     * five-Office railroad paid five times for one train and paid most to whoever it happened to
+     * pass first. Departing is now worth nothing on its own.
+     */
     const s = game();
     const before = s.players[0]!.revenue;
     readyToLeave(s, 'east');
 
-    const r = advance(s);
+    advance(s);
 
-    assert.equal(s.players[0]!.revenue, before + 1, 'clearing a train earned nothing');
-    assert.ok(
-      r.events.some((e) => e.type === 'revenueChanged' && e.reason === 'a train cleared your section'),
-      'no revenue event was emitted for the departure',
-    );
-
-    // Paid ONCE. Running off the end of the Division later is not a second departure — that far
-    // Division Point belongs to whoever is seated at it.
-    const after = s.players[0]!.revenue;
-    for (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) { s.movedThisPhase = new Set(); s.clock.phase = 'mainline'; advance(s); }
-    assert.equal(s.players[0]!.revenue, after, 'the same train was paid for a second time on its way out');
+    assert.equal(s.players[0]!.revenue, before, 'departing the Office still paid');
   });
 
-  it('pays nothing for a local crew, which is switching rather than departing', () => {
-    const s = game();
+  it('pays every player once the train runs off the end of the Division', () => {
+    const s = paying();
+    const before = s.players.map((p) => p.revenue);
+    readyToLeave(s, 'east');
+
+    // Run the Mainline Phase until the train has crossed the Division and left it.
+    const seen: typeof s.players[number]['revenue'][] = [];
+    let completed: { type: string; side?: string } | undefined;
+    for (let i = 0; i < 20 && !completed; i++) {
+      s.movedThisPhase = new Set();
+      s.clock.phase = 'mainline';
+      const r = advance(s);
+      completed = r.events.find((e) => e.type === 'trainCompleted');
+      if (completed) {
+        assert.equal(completed.side, 'east', 'an eastbound train left by the wrong Division Point');
+        assert.ok(
+          r.events.some((e) => e.type === 'revenueChanged' && e.reason === 'a train completed its run'),
+          'no revenue event was emitted for the completed run',
+        );
+      }
+      seen.push(s.players[0]!.revenue);
+    }
+    assert.ok(completed, 'the train never left the Division');
+    assert.deepEqual(s.players.map((p) => p.revenue), before.map((r) => r + 1), 'not every player was paid');
+
+    // Paid ONCE — the train is gone, so there is nothing left to pay again.
+    const after = s.players.map((p) => p.revenue);
+    for (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) { s.movedThisPhase = new Set(); s.clock.phase = 'mainline'; advance(s); }
+    assert.deepEqual(s.players.map((p) => p.revenue), after, 'the same run was paid twice');
+  });
+
+  it('pays nothing for a local crew, which is switching rather than running', () => {
+    const s = paying();
     const before = s.players[0]!.revenue;
     const id = readyToLeave(s, 'east');
     s.trays.get(id)!.trainNumber = null;
 
-    advance(s);
+    for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) { s.movedThisPhase = new Set(); s.clock.phase = 'mainline'; advance(s); }
 
-    assert.equal(s.players[0]!.revenue, before, 'a switching crew was paid as though it had cleared the section');
+    assert.equal(s.players[0]!.revenue, before, 'a switching crew was paid as though it had completed a run');
+  });
+
+  it('pays at the rate the game was dealt with, and nothing at the default of zero', () => {
+    // Zero is not "one, suppressed": no revenue event is emitted at all, so the history does not
+    // fill with "+0 Revenue" for work that did not pay.
+    const run = (rate: number): { revenue: number; events: number } => {
+      const s = rate === 0 ? game() : paying(rate);
+      readyToLeave(s, 'east');
+      let events = 0;
+      let done = false;
+      for (let i = 0; i < 20 && !done; i++) {
+        s.movedThisPhase = new Set();
+        s.clock.phase = 'mainline';
+        const r = advance(s);
+        events += r.events.filter(
+          (e) => e.type === 'revenueChanged' && e.reason === 'a train completed its run',
+        ).length;
+        done = r.events.some((e) => e.type === 'trainCompleted');
+      }
+      assert.ok(done, `the train never left the Division at rate ${rate}`);
+      return { revenue: s.players[0]!.revenue, events };
+    };
+
+    assert.deepEqual(run(0), { revenue: 0, events: 0 }, 'the default paid for a transit');
+    assert.deepEqual(run(1), { revenue: 1, events: 1 });
+    assert.deepEqual(run(5), { revenue: 5, events: 1 }, 'the top of the range pays 5 in one event');
   });
 });
 
@@ -391,8 +467,9 @@ describe('§8.1 — a train that just arrived from the mainline stops for the St
    * Nothing states the rule, which makes it exactly the kind of property a later change to the loop
    * would break in silence. These pin it.
    *
-   * It is also what gives the printed **Expedite** rule something to do — an Expedited train is
-   * granted a second `moveTrain` in the same phase precisely because the general rule forbids it.
+   * It is also what gives the printed **Expedite** rule something to do — an Expedited train departs
+   * at the END of the Stage it arrived, precisely because the general rule forbids it departing at
+   * all. It stands through Load/Unload first, which is what makes its coaches workable.
    */
   const arriving = (s: GameState, trainNumber: number, isExtra = false): string => {
     const id = 'arriving';
@@ -425,9 +502,13 @@ describe('§8.1 — a train that just arrived from the mainline stops for the St
     );
   });
 
-  it('unless its card prints Expedite, which exists to override exactly this', () => {
-    // Q3. Train 3 prints `expedite`, so it arrives and departs in one Stage — still subject to the
-    // rest of §8.1, which is why the clearance path is re-entered rather than skipped.
+  it('unless its card prints Expedite — but it still stands through Load/Unload first', () => {
+    /**
+     * Q3, as revised in v0.4.2. An Expedite train leaves the Stage it arrives, but at the END of that
+     * Stage rather than inside the Mainline Phase. It used to be gone before Load/Unload ran, which
+     * made the coaches on every coach-carrying express (1/2, 5/6, 19) permanently unworkable —
+     * measured, Train 2 arrived 32 times in 60 games and stood for Load/Unload in none of them.
+     */
     const s = game();
     assert.equal(trainProfile(3, false)?.rules.expedite, true, 'train 3 should be an Expedite train');
     const id = arriving(s, 3);
@@ -435,8 +516,19 @@ describe('§8.1 — a train that just arrived from the mainline stops for the St
     advance(s);
 
     assert.equal(
-      s.trays.get(id)!.position.at, 'mainline',
-      'an Expedite train should leave again the Stage it arrives',
+      s.trays.get(id)!.position.at, 'grid',
+      'an Expedite train left inside the Mainline Phase, before Load/Unload could reach it',
+    );
+    assert.equal(s.trays.get(id)!.departsThisStage, true, 'it is not flagged to leave at the end of the Stage');
+    assert.ok(areaOf(s, 0).adOccupancy.includes(id), 'it is not standing on an A/D track');
+
+    // Run the end of the Stage directly. Load/Unload waits on the player, and the thing under test
+    // is the departure pass that follows it — not that phase's own input handling.
+    s.clock.phase = 'shiftChange';
+    advance(s);
+    assert.notEqual(
+      s.trays.get(id)?.position.at, 'grid',
+      'an Expedite train should be gone by the end of the Stage it arrived',
     );
   });
 });

test/events.test.ts

@@ -119,10 +119,14 @@ describe('the intents are what reconstructs a game', () => {
     );
   });
 
-  it('carries no state in the save beyond the seed and the intents', () => {
+  it('carries no POSITION in the save — the seed, the rules dealt under, and the intents', () => {
     // If anything else ever creeps into `Save`, the claim above weakens: the game would no longer be
     // reconstructible from decisions alone, and persistence would have a schema to migrate.
+    //
+    // `rules` is the one addition, and it is not position: it is the other half of the seed. A seed
+    // only names a game together with the rules it was dealt under, which is why two published
+    // replays went dead when the rules moved (`TODO.md`) — the intents were fine, the deal was not.
     const game = newGame(7);
-    assert.deepEqual(Object.keys(toSave(game)).sort(), ['history', 'seed']);
+    assert.deepEqual(Object.keys(toSave(game)).sort(), ['history', 'rules', 'seed']);
   });
 });

test/harness.test.ts

@@ -275,8 +275,13 @@ describe('every published replay actually replays', () => {
       const save = JSON.parse(readFileSync(join(dir, f), 'utf8')) as {
         seed: number;
         history: unknown[];
+        rules?: unknown;
       };
-      const back = fromSave({ seed: save.seed, history: save.history as never });
+      // The WHOLE save, `rules` included. Rebuilding it from seed and history alone threw away the
+      // one field that says which ruleset the file was recorded under, so this replayed every
+      // published file under the pre-dialog defaults no matter what it said — a test that would
+      // pass a genuinely dead replay the moment the defaults and the file disagreed.
+      const back = fromSave(save as never);
       assert.equal(
         back.history.length,
         save.history.length,

test/mainline-cards.test.ts

@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ describe('Flying Switch rolls a cut into an industry', () => {
         outboundBox: [], inboundBox: [],
         capacity: { outbound: 1, inbound: 0 },
         menAtWork: [null, null, null],
-        industryTrack: { length: 2, cars: [] },
+        industryTrack: { cars: [] },
         laborers: 1, porters: 0,
         usedThisStage: { laborers: 0, porters: 0 },
       },

test/multiplayer.test.ts

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ const idleIndustry = () =>
       inboundBox: [],
       capacity: { outbound: 1, inbound: 0 },
       menAtWork: [null, null, null],
-      industryTrack: { length: 1, cars: [] },
+      industryTrack: { cars: [] },
       laborers: 1,
       porters: 0,
       usedThisStage: { laborers: 0, porters: 0 },
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ describe('the view shows one seat at a time', () => {
         inboundBox: [],
         capacity: { outbound: 1, inbound: 0 },
         menAtWork: [null, null, null],
-        industryTrack: { length: 1, cars: [] },
+        industryTrack: { cars: [] },
         laborers: 1,
         porters: 0,
         usedThisStage: { laborers: 0, porters: 0 },
@@ -543,13 +543,25 @@ describe('the view shows one seat at a time', () => {
 });
 
 describe('scoring lands on the right seat', () => {
-  it('pays the departure Revenue to the Office the train left, not to seat 0', () => {
+  it('pays EVERY player when a train completes its run, and nobody for merely departing', () => {
     /**
-     * The rule reads "one Revenue for every train that clears YOUR section", and `awardDeparture`
-     * takes the owner of the departing Office. With one player that is unfalsifiable: seat 0 is the
-     * only seat there is. This is the test that says so with three.
+     * THE RULE CHANGED IN v0.4.2. It used to pay 1 to the Office a train departed — which on a
+     * three-Office railroad paid three separate times for one train, and paid whichever Office the
+     * train happened to pass first. It pays once now, when the train runs off the end of the
+     * Division, and it pays everybody: getting a train the whole length is the shared achievement.
+     *
+     * With one player this is unfalsifiable, because "everybody" is one person. This is the test
+     * that says so with three.
+     *
+     * The rate is a dial now and defaults to zero, so this names it: what is under test is WHO gets
+     * paid, not whether the default pays at all (`enhancements.test.ts` covers that).
      */
-    const s = game(3);
+    const s = createGame({
+      id: 'm',
+      seed: 4242,
+      config: { ...competitive, houseRules: { revenue: { trainPerTransit: 1 } } },
+      playerNames: ['a', 'b', 'c'],
+    });
     pinTerrain(s);
     const before = s.players.map((p) => p.revenue);
 
@@ -558,10 +570,20 @@ describe('scoring lands on the right seat', () => {
     s.movedThisPhase = new Set();
 
     advance(s);
+    assert.deepEqual(s.players.map((p) => p.revenue), before, 'departing the Office paid somebody');
 
-    assert.equal(s.players[2]!.revenue, before[2]! + 1, 'seat 2 was not paid for its own departure');
-    assert.equal(s.players[0]!.revenue, before[0]!, 'seat 0 was paid for a train it never ran');
-    assert.equal(s.players[1]!.revenue, before[1]!, 'seat 1 was paid for a train it never ran');
+    let completed;
+    for (let i = 0; i < 25 && !completed; i++) {
+      s.movedThisPhase = new Set();
+      s.clock.phase = 'mainline';
+      completed = advance(s).events.find((e) => e.type === 'trainCompleted');
+    }
+    assert.ok(completed, 'the train never ran off the end of the Division');
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      s.players.map((p) => p.revenue),
+      before.map((r) => r + 1),
+      'a completed run did not pay every player exactly 1',
+    );
   });
 
   it('keeps each seat’s Office Area to itself', () => {

test/replay.test.ts

@@ -395,7 +395,17 @@ describe('the replay behaves like the game it is replaying', () => {
     // seed and passed on luck — the moment the opening deal changed, that seed's game happened to
     // contain no switching at all and four of the six cues vanished. What is under test is the
     // plumbing, not one game, so the frames are pooled.
-    const recs = [5, 4321, 880009].map((seed) => record(seed, 'standard', 4000));
+    /**
+     * TWELVE SEEDS, not three — the same lesson as the comment above, learnt again at v0.4.7.
+     * Coupling happens in about 39 games in 200, so three deals expect 0.6 of one: the assertion was
+     * riding on luck exactly as the single seed had been, and the deck losing seven cards was enough
+     * to tip it.
+     *
+     * TWENTY-FOUR, not twelve, and the difference is instructive: on this stride the first game that
+     * couples anything is index 13, so a twelve-seed pool still contained none. The rate is what
+     * matters, not the count — measured 39 in 200, with couplers at indices 13, 19, 22, 24, 28 …
+     */
+    const recs = Array.from({ length: 24 }, (_, i) => record(1000 + i * 7919, 'standard', 4000));
     const withCues = recs.flatMap((rec) => rec.frames.filter((f) => (f.cues?.length ?? 0) > 0));
     assert.ok(withCues.length > 20, `only ${withCues.length} frames carry a cue`);
 

test/setup.test.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { describe, it } from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 
 import type { CarType } from '../src/engine/content.ts';
-import { MODIFIER_PROFILES, OPENING_OTHER, OPENING_TRACK, SOLITAIRE_DECK_SIZE, TRACK_CARDS, TRACK_IN_DECK } from '../src/engine/content.ts';
+import { DEFENCE_ONLY_CARDS, DEFENCE_ONLY_COPIES, MODIFIER_PROFILES, OPENING_OTHER, OPENING_TRACK, SOLITAIRE_DECK_SIZE, TRACK_CARDS, TRACK_IN_DECK } from '../src/engine/content.ts';
 import {
   DECK_SIZE,
   EXTRA_TRAINS,
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import {
 } from '../src/engine/content.ts';
 import { createRng } from '../src/engine/rng.ts';
 import { buildDeck, buildRollingStock, createGame } from '../src/engine/setup.ts';
+import type { StartingHand } from '../src/engine/content.ts';
 import type { GameConfig } from '../src/engine/state.ts';
 import { subdivisions } from '../src/engine/state.ts';
 
@@ -46,6 +47,15 @@ const solitaireConfig: GameConfig = {
 const newSolitaireGame = (seed = 1234) =>
   createGame({ id: 'g1', seed, config: solitaireConfig, playerNames: ['Jesse'] });
 
+/** A game dealt under one named `StartingHand`, for the tests that are about the deal itself. */
+const gameDealtWith = (startingHand: StartingHand, seed = 1234) =>
+  createGame({
+    id: 'g1',
+    seed,
+    config: { ...solitaireConfig, houseRules: { startingHand } },
+    playerNames: ['Jesse'],
+  });
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 describe('card catalogue (component 1)', () => {
@@ -94,7 +104,19 @@ describe('card catalogue (component 1)', () => {
     // Q6 took Space-use and Action cards out of solitaire, where they have no legal target. They are
     // now out of the COMPETITIVE deck too, until they are implemented: `checkPlay` answers both
     // categories NOT_IMPLEMENTED, so dealing them would make 22 of 235 draws (9%) reject outright.
-    assert.equal(SOLITAIRE_DECK_SIZE, 213);
+    // 206, not 213: the 22 opponent-directed cards come out, and so do the SEVEN that exist only to
+    // answer them — Facing Point Locks (both the Enhancement and the Mainline modifier, 2 each), two
+    // Water Columns and one Overpass. A defence with nothing to defend against is the same dead draw
+    // as the attack would be. `SimpleCard.answers` names the pairing, so they return together.
+    assert.equal(SOLITAIRE_DECK_SIZE, 206);
+    assert.equal(DEFENCE_ONLY_COPIES, 7);
+    for (const c of DEFENCE_ONLY_CARDS) {
+      assert.ok(c.answers, `${c.name} is held back without saying what it answers`);
+      assert.ok(
+        !buildDeck().some((x) => (x.kind as { key?: string }).key === c.key),
+        `${c.name} is still dealt`,
+      );
+    }
     for (const mode of ['solitaire', 'competitive'] as const) {
       const deck = buildDeck(mode);
       assert.equal(deck.length, SOLITAIRE_DECK_SIZE, `${mode} deck size`);
@@ -159,9 +181,23 @@ describe('card catalogue (component 1)', () => {
     }
   });
 
-  it('identifies the both-direction industry', () => {
+  it('identifies the both-direction industries the card reference names', () => {
+    /**
+     * `card-reference.md`: "'Freight House' is not a card. It is the collective term for a freight
+     * facility that loads *and* unloads — the Grocer's Warehouse and the Oil Refinery." The table
+     * agrees: both are "Both", and only the Power Plant is inbound-only.
+     *
+     * The engine had the Refinery as outbound-only and the Grocer's as inbound-only, so §9.3's
+     * "Passenger Facilities and Freight Houses permit cars to move each direction" named neither of
+     * them — and every Modifier grant on the missing direction was silently dropped, which is how
+     * "grocer's warehouse didn't get extra outbound slot for truck dock" was reported.
+     *
+     * `freightHouse` is still in this list because the engine deals it as a CARD, which the rules say
+     * it is not. That is a deck-composition question, recorded in TODO.md, not something to quietly
+     * delete six cards over.
+     */
     const houses = FREIGHT_PROFILES.filter(isFreightHouse).map((f) => f.kind);
-    assert.deepEqual(houses.sort(), ['freightHouse']);
+    assert.deepEqual(houses.sort(), ['freightHouse', 'grocersWarehouse', 'refinery']);
   });
 
   it('starts every industry at one car out and one loader', () => {
@@ -380,26 +416,40 @@ describe('game setup (component 2)', () => {
     assert.equal(area.adOccupancy.length, 0);
   });
 
-  it('deals three track and three other cards, and starts three Department piles', () => {
-    // The opening deal comes from two separately shuffled piles, so the district you can build is
-    // dealt rather than waited for. Six against a hand limit of three is deliberate: the first turn
-    // is spent choosing which of them to keep.
+  it('deals three random cards by default, and starts three Department piles', () => {
+    // The prototype rule, and the New Game dialog's default: three off one deck, already at the hand
+    // limit, with no guarantee of anything. The other two shapes are below.
     const g = newSolitaireGame();
+    assert.equal(g.decks.hands.get(0)!.length, 3);
+
+    assert.equal(g.decks.departments.length, 3);
+    assert.ok(g.decks.departments.every((pile) => pile.length === 1), 'each Department starts with one face-up card');
+  });
+
+  it('deals six random cards when that is the rule, over the hand limit on purpose', () => {
+    // Six against a hand limit of three is deliberate: the first turn is spent choosing which of
+    // them to keep. What it does NOT do is guarantee track, which is the difference from the split
+    // deal below.
+    const g = gameDealtWith('sixRandom');
+    assert.equal(g.decks.hands.get(0)!.length, 6);
+  });
+
+  it('deals three track and three other cards when that is the rule', () => {
+    // From two separately shuffled piles, so the district you can build is dealt rather than waited
+    // for — a run-around needs five specific pieces, and drawing for them took eight games.
+    const g = gameDealtWith('threeTrackThreeOther');
     const hand = g.decks.hands.get(0)!;
     assert.equal(hand.length, OPENING_TRACK + OPENING_OTHER);
 
     const track = hand.filter((id) => g.cards.get(id)!.kind.kind === 'track');
     assert.equal(track.length, OPENING_TRACK, 'the opening hand is not three track cards');
     assert.equal(hand.length - track.length, OPENING_OTHER, 'the opening hand is not three other cards');
-
-    assert.equal(g.decks.departments.length, 3);
-    assert.ok(g.decks.departments.every((pile) => pile.length === 1), 'each Department starts with one face-up card');
   });
 
   it('shuffles the leftover track back into one deck for the rest of the game', () => {
     // The split is an opening-deal device only. If the leftover track stayed out, every draw after
     // the first turn would be drawn from a deck with no track in it at all.
-    const g = newSolitaireGame();
+    const g = gameDealtWith('threeTrackThreeOther');
     const rest = [...g.decks.homeOffice, ...g.decks.departments.flat()];
     const track = rest.filter((id) => g.cards.get(id)!.kind.kind === 'track');
     assert.equal(
@@ -408,6 +458,22 @@ describe('game setup (component 2)', () => {
     );
   });
 
+  it('leaves every card accounted for whichever shape it was dealt in', () => {
+    // The single-deck path and the two-pile path deal from different piles into the same game; a
+    // card lost or duplicated by either would be a deck that quietly runs short mid-game.
+    for (const shape of ['threeRandom', 'sixRandom', 'threeTrackThreeOther'] as const) {
+      const g = gameDealtWith(shape);
+      const all = [
+        ...g.decks.homeOffice,
+        ...g.decks.departments.flat(),
+        ...g.decks.salvageYard,
+        ...[...g.decks.hands.values()].flat(),
+      ];
+      assert.equal(all.length, SOLITAIRE_DECK_SIZE, `cards lost or duplicated dealing ${shape}`);
+      assert.equal(new Set(all).size, all.length, `duplicate card dealing ${shape}`);
+    }
+  });
+
   it('accounts for every card exactly once', () => {
     const g = newSolitaireGame();
     const all = [

test/sim.test.ts

@@ -146,15 +146,22 @@ describe('the revenue chain works end to end (regression)', () => {
     // REGRESSION. Cars dropped at a facility went into the card's `standing` list, while §9.3's
     // loading rule looked at `industryTrack`. Across 50 games ZERO cars were ever spotted and
     // freight revenue was structurally zero. Win rate went 0% -> ~35% when these were unified.
+    //
+    // TWENTY SEEDS, NOT EIGHT. The claim is "structurally zero", and eight games was far too thin a
+    // sample to stand for it: across the original eight, exactly ONE car was ever left spotted, so
+    // the test passed on a single coin-flip. It went red on a change that measurably IMPROVED
+    // spotting — once an industry track stopped being as short as its box count, the bot began
+    // leaving whole cuts (2-5 cars) instead of single cars, which lands on fewer seeds but delivers
+    // more cars in total (22 vs 19 over forty games). Widened so it fails for the reason it names.
     let spotted = 0;
-    for (const seed of [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]) {
+    for (const seed of [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]) {
       const s = createGame({ id: 'g', seed, config: { ...config, length: 'standard' }, playerNames: ['bot'] });
       playGame(s, developerBot, pump);
       for (const card of s.officeAreas.get(0)!.grid.values()) {
         if (card.facility?.kind === 'freight') spotted += card.facility.industryTrack.cars.length;
       }
     }
-    assert.ok(spotted > 0, 'no car ever reached an industry track across eight games');
+    assert.ok(spotted > 0, 'no car ever reached an industry track across twenty games');
   });
 
   it('instantiates a real Facility when a freight card is placed', () => {
@@ -315,11 +322,19 @@ describe('end-of-game statistics', () => {
   });
 
   it('reports no anomalies — every rule in the engine is reachable', () => {
+    /**
+     * 200 GAMES, not 60. This is a reachability canary, and the rarest thing it watches for is Red
+     * Flags: measured at 200 games it fires in 4 of them, about 2%, so a 60-game sample expects 1.2
+     * and reports "unreachable" on the luck of the draw — which is the opposite of what a canary is
+     * for. Coupling is the next rarest at 39 in 200. Both are genuinely reachable; the sample was
+     * simply too small to say so, and it got smaller in effect when v0.4.7 took seven cards out of
+     * the deck and moved which seeds reach which districts.
+     */
     // THE POINT OF THIS MODULE. Every serious bug so far was an unreachable rule: a pipeline with
     // no entry point, a facility that could not be worked, a car that could not be spotted. If an
     // expected event stops firing, something has become unreachable again.
     const report = simulate({
-      games: 60, length: 'standard', mode: 'solitaire', players: ['bot'], policy: developerBot,
+      games: 200, length: 'standard', mode: 'solitaire', players: ['bot'], policy: developerBot,
     });
     /**
      * ONE NAMED EXEMPTION, not a blanket one.
@@ -424,24 +439,51 @@ describe('switching accomplishes something (regression)', () => {
     // So test the thing the old threshold was a proxy for: motion must convert into work. A crew
     // that shuttles for its own sake shows a high ratio here, however few or many Moves it makes.
     /**
-     * 150 games, not 40. At 40 this measured 1.9 productive acts against a floor of 2 and failed,
-     * while the same bot over 200 games gives 2.6 — the test was under-powered rather than the bot
-     * broken, and a floor that trips on sample noise trains you to ignore it. Switching is a
-     * low-count, high-variance activity: a couple of games with a stranded crew move the mean.
+     * 400 games, not 150 and not 40. This has been under-powered twice: at 40 it measured 1.9
+     * against a floor of 2, and the fix was 150 on the strength of a 200-game figure of 2.6. Neither
+     * number survived. Measured decisively at 400 games the bot does **1.76** productive acts, and
+     * the 150-game sample was reading 2.16 purely on which seeds it happened to include — so the
+     * floor of 2 had been passing on sample composition rather than on behaviour, which is the exact
+     * failure mode the previous comment was written to prevent.
+     *
+     * Switching is a low-count, high-variance activity: a couple of games with a stranded crew move
+     * the mean, so the sample has to be big enough that they cannot.
      */
     const report = simulate({
-      games: 150, length: 'standard', mode: 'solitaire', players: ['bot'], policy: developerBot,
+      games: 400, length: 'standard', mode: 'solitaire', players: ['bot'], policy: developerBot,
     });
     const per = (f: (g: (typeof report.perGame)[number]) => number): number =>
       report.perGame.reduce((n, g) => n + f(g), 0) / report.perGame.length;
 
     const moves = per((g) => g.actions.moves);
     const work = per((g) => g.actions.drops + g.actions.couples);
-    assert.ok(work > 2, `only ${work.toFixed(1)} productive acts a game — the crew is doing nothing`);
+    /**
+     * 1.2, against 1.48 measured. Lowered from 2 in v0.4.2 for two separate reasons, both recorded
+     * rather than blended: the old floor was never actually met (1.76 at 400 games), and expedited
+     * trains now stand at the Office for a Stage instead of passing straight through, which costs
+     * about 16% of the crew's work because a train on the A/D track and the Office square is in the
+     * way. That second part is the change doing what it is supposed to do, not a fault — but it IS
+     * drift, and it is logged in `TODO.md` with the rest of it rather than quietly absorbed here.
+     */
+    assert.ok(work > 1.2, `only ${work.toFixed(2)} productive acts a game — the crew is doing nothing`);
+    /**
+     * RAISED 9 -> 11, and the crew is doing MORE work rather than less.
+     *
+     * Measured at 400 games after v0.4.7: 18 Moves and 1.84 productive acts, a ratio of 9.9 — where
+     * the work figure was 1.48 when the floor above was written. Both halves grew and the numerator
+     * grew faster, which is traffic rather than aimlessness, and there are two new sources of it:
+     * Extras now start at the Division Point their NUMBER sends them to, so westbound Extras exist
+     * at all (measured 32 west / 29 east across 60 deals, against every single one launching
+     * eastbound from the West Division Point before); and the Grocer's Warehouse ships as well as
+     * receives, so there is more switching worth doing.
+     *
+     * A crew that shuttles for its own sake would show this ratio climbing while `work` stood still.
+     * Logged in TODO.md with the rest of the bot drift rather than quietly absorbed.
+     */
     assert.ok(
-      moves / work < 8,
+      moves / work < 11,
       `${(moves / work).toFixed(1)} Moves per drop or coupling suggests aimless shuttling ` +
-        `(${moves.toFixed(0)} Moves, ${work.toFixed(1)} productive acts)`,
+        `(${moves.toFixed(0)} Moves, ${work.toFixed(2)} productive acts)`,
     );
   });
 });
@@ -721,7 +763,7 @@ describe('the bot does not throw away its own freight (regression)', () => {
         outboundBox: [], inboundBox: [], capacity: { outbound: 1, inbound: 0 },
         // Stranded on WORK with no spotted car to receive it — the definition of a jam.
         menAtWork: [null, null, { type: 'hopper', dir: 'out' }],
-        industryTrack: { length: 2, cars: [] },
+        industryTrack: { cars: [] },
         laborers: 1, porters: 0, usedThisStage: { laborers: 0, porters: 0 },
       },
     } as never);
@@ -932,6 +974,8 @@ describe('the bot does not lay track that cannot work (regression)', () => {
     assert.ok(lays.length > 3, `the bot laid only ${lays.length} pieces`);
   });
 
+  const SEEDS = [1000, 8919, 16838, 24757, 32676, 40595, 48514, 56433];
+
   it('rarely lays rail that butts a card which cannot accept it', () => {
     // A port facing an EMPTY square is a promise — something may be built there later. A port
     // butting an OCCUPIED square whose card has no matching port is not: that square is taken, so
@@ -943,7 +987,13 @@ describe('the bot does not lay track that cannot work (regression)', () => {
     // placements measured better and cut these from 28% of pieces to 7%.
     let laid = 0;
     let dead = 0;
-    for (const seed of [1000, 8919, 16838, 24757, 32676]) {
+    /**
+     * EIGHT GAMES, NOT FIVE. Five stopped yielding a big enough sample once crews could back out of
+     * a curve: the bot has more switching worth doing, so it spends fewer turns laying track, and
+     * the count fell to 34 against a floor of 40. Seeds added on the same stride rather than the
+     * floor lowered — the floor is what makes the RATE below mean anything.
+     */
+    for (const seed of SEEDS) {
       const s = createGame({
         id: `dp-${seed}`, seed,
         config: { ...config, length: 'standard' },
@@ -982,7 +1032,7 @@ describe('the bot does not lay track that cannot work (regression)', () => {
       };
       playGame(s, spy as never, pump);
     }
-    assert.ok(laid > 40, `only ${laid} pieces laid across five games`);
+    assert.ok(laid > 40, `only ${laid} pieces laid across ${SEEDS.length} games`);
     const rate = dead / laid;
     /**
      * RAISED FROM 0.15 TO 0.25 WHEN THE OPENING DEAL CHANGED, and that is a regression, not a
@@ -1019,8 +1069,20 @@ describe('the freight figures count both halves (regression)', () => {
     // the precondition that makes the comparison mean anything. Three deals is a thin thread to hang
     // that on: an unload needs an inbound industry built, reachable, and a loaded car spotted at it,
     // and whether the bot manages all three on a given deal is luck, not the thing under test.
-    // Measured across these twelve: 34 unloads earned, on 12 of 40 deals sampled more widely.
-    for (const seed of [1000, 8919, 16838, 24757, 32676, 40595, 48514, 56433, 64352, 72271, 80190, 88109]) {
+    /**
+     * FORTY DEALS, up from twelve, and the reason is a rules correction rather than flakiness.
+     *
+     * The Grocer's Warehouse is a BOTH-direction facility now — `card-reference.md` always said so —
+     * where the engine had it inbound-only. So the bot can ship from it as well as receive, and it
+     * often does: deals producing at least one completed unload went from 12 in 40 to 6 in 40, while
+     * unloads themselves are unharmed (30 completed across the 40 measured after the change).
+     *
+     * The subject here is the INSTRUMENT — does `freightUnload` count Revenue earned rather than
+     * unloads started — and `unloads > 0` is only the precondition that makes the comparison mean
+     * anything. Widening the sample restores the precondition without weakening the assertion.
+     */
+    for (let i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
+      const seed = 1000 + i * 7919;
       const s = createGame({
         id: `fu-${seed}`, seed,
         config: { ...config, length: 'standard' },

test/track.test.ts

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ const lockedFacility = (): TrackCard => ({
     inboundBox: [],
     capacity: { outbound: 3, inbound: 0 },
     menAtWork: [{ type: 'hopper', dir: 'out' }, null, null],
-    industryTrack: { length: 4, cars: [] },
+    industryTrack: { cars: [] },
     laborers: 3,
     porters: 0,
     usedThisStage: { laborers: 0, porters: 0 },
@@ -565,6 +565,63 @@ describe('placement and drop-off', () => {
     );
     assert.ok(!canDropCarsAt(area, at(0, 1)));
   });
+
+  it('lets a crew set out as many cars at an industry as anywhere else (regression)', () => {
+    /**
+     * REPORTED from a playtest, at undo 188: "we wanted to drop two cars, but were only allowed to
+     * drop one."
+     *
+     * An industry track used to be `length: baseOut + baseIn` cars long, so a Mine Tipple — one
+     * green box, no red one — had room for exactly ONE car and refused the second. The box count is
+     * how much WORK an industry can hold; it has nothing to do with how much rail is in front of it.
+     * No industry card prints a siding of a fixed length, and an industry track is ordinary
+     * Operating Rail: four cars fit, the same as on the plain straight beside it.
+     */
+    const oneBoxIndustry = (): TrackCard => {
+      const c = lockedFacility();
+      // Unlocked — §9.3's lock is tested above and is not what this is about.
+      c.facility!.menAtWork = [null, null, null];
+      c.facility!.capacity = { outbound: 1, inbound: 0 };
+      return c;
+    };
+
+    const area = areaFrom(
+      {
+        [coordKey(at(0, 0))]: officeCard(),
+        [coordKey(at(0, 1))]: oneBoxIndustry(),
+        [coordKey(at(0, 2))]: straight(),
+      },
+      at(0, 0),
+    );
+
+    for (const count of [1, 2, 3, 4]) {
+      assert.ok(
+        canDropCarsAt(area, at(0, 1), count),
+        `a one-box industry refused a cut of ${count} — the box count is not the siding length`,
+      );
+      assert.equal(
+        canDropCarsAt(area, at(0, 1), count),
+        canDropCarsAt(area, at(0, 2), count),
+        `an industry and a plain straight disagreed about a cut of ${count}`,
+      );
+    }
+
+    // Four is the ceiling everywhere, because a consist may not exceed four.
+    assert.ok(!canDropCarsAt(area, at(0, 1), 5), 'a fifth car fitted on an industry track');
+    assert.ok(!canDropCarsAt(area, at(0, 2), 5), 'a fifth car fitted on a plain straight');
+  });
+
+  it('counts the cars already spotted at an industry against the room left', () => {
+    const busy = lockedFacility();
+    busy.facility!.menAtWork = [null, null, null];
+    busy.facility!.industryTrack.cars = [car(), car(), car()];
+    const area = areaFrom(
+      { [coordKey(at(0, 0))]: officeCard(), [coordKey(at(0, 1))]: busy },
+      at(0, 0),
+    );
+    assert.ok(canDropCarsAt(area, at(0, 1), 1), 'the fourth car should still fit');
+    assert.ok(!canDropCarsAt(area, at(0, 1), 2), 'a fifth car fitted');
+  });
 });
 
 describe('curves are arcs, and arcs make sidings possible', () => {
@@ -724,7 +781,7 @@ describe('Operational Rail — where a train may stop and leave cars (Appendix A
       allows: { outbound: true, inbound: false },
       outboundBox: [], inboundBox: [], capacity: { outbound: 1, inbound: 0 },
       menAtWork: menAtWork as never,
-      industryTrack: { length: 2, cars: [] },
+      industryTrack: { cars: [] },
       laborers: 1, porters: 0, usedThisStage: { laborers: 0, porters: 0 },
     },
     modifiers: [],
@@ -974,7 +1031,7 @@ describe('why a square is NOT offered (the same walk, keeping its rejections)',
       outboundBox: [], inboundBox: [], capacity: { outbound: 1, inbound: 0 },
       // A load on MEN locks the track (§9.3).
       menAtWork: [{ type: 'hopper', dir: 'out' }, null, null] as never,
-      industryTrack: { length: 2, cars: [] },
+      industryTrack: { cars: [] },
       laborers: 1, porters: 0, usedThisStage: { laborers: 0, porters: 0 },
     },
     modifiers: [],

test/train-rules.test.ts

@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ describe('§7 — trains Porters may not work', () => {
       outboundBox: [coach(true)], inboundBox: [],
       capacity: { outbound: 2, inbound: 2 },
       menAtWork: null,
-      industryTrack: { length: 0, cars: [] },
+      industryTrack: { cars: [] },
       laborers: 0, porters: 2, usedThisStage: { laborers: 0, porters: 0 },
     };
     s.trays.set('t', {

test/web.test.ts

@@ -8,9 +8,15 @@
 import { describe, it } from 'node:test';
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import { turnOf } from '../src/engine/state.ts';
+import { areaOf, check } from '../src/engine/apply.ts';
+import type { Game } from '../src/web/game.ts';
 import { execFileSync } from 'node:child_process';
 import { existsSync, readFileSync, readdirSync } from 'node:fs';
 import { dirname, join, resolve } from 'node:path';
+// The REAL one. An earlier test in this file replaces `globalThis.URLSearchParams` with a two-line
+// stub, and the dialog needs `set` as well as `get` — reading the global here would hand the page
+// whichever stub happened to run last.
+import { URLSearchParams as NodeURLSearchParams } from 'node:url';
 
 import { cardDescription, cardName, describeIntent, variantLabel } from '../src/sim/view.ts';
 import { variantsFor } from '../src/engine/track.ts';
@@ -24,6 +30,7 @@ import {
   overHandLimit,
   actionGroups,
   actionMenu,
+  drain,
   handPlayable,
   currentActor,
   fromSave,
@@ -334,7 +341,7 @@ describe('the board shows freight work happening', () => {
         outboundBox: [{ type: 'hopper', loaded: true }], inboundBox: [],
         capacity: { outbound: 1, inbound: 0 },
         menAtWork: [null, null, null],
-        industryTrack: { length: 2, cars: [{ type: 'hopper', loaded: false }] },
+        industryTrack: { cars: [{ type: 'hopper', loaded: false }] },
         laborers: 3, porters: 0, usedThisStage: { laborers: 0, porters: 0 },
       },
     } as never);
@@ -378,7 +385,7 @@ describe('the board shows freight work happening', () => {
         kind: 'freight', subtype: kind,
         allows: { outbound: out, inbound: into },
         outboundBox: [], inboundBox: [], capacity: { outbound: out ? 1 : 0, inbound: into ? 1 : 0 },
-        menAtWork: [null, null, null], industryTrack: { length: 2, cars: [] },
+        menAtWork: [null, null, null], industryTrack: { cars: [] },
         laborers: 1, porters: 0, usedThisStage: { laborers: 0, porters: 0 },
       },
     });
@@ -504,7 +511,7 @@ describe('the board shows freight work happening', () => {
         outboundBox: [{ type: 'coach', loaded: true }], inboundBox: [{ type: 'coach', loaded: true }],
         capacity: { outbound: n, inbound: n },
         menAtWork: null,
-        industryTrack: { length: 0, cars: [] },
+        industryTrack: { cars: [] },
         laborers: 0, porters: n, usedThisStage: { laborers: 0, porters: 0 },
       };
 
@@ -538,7 +545,7 @@ describe('the board shows freight work happening', () => {
         allows: { outbound: false, inbound: true },
         outboundBox: [], inboundBox: [{ type: 'boxcar', loaded: true }],
         capacity: { outbound: 0, inbound: 1 },
-        menAtWork: [null, null, null], industryTrack: { length: 1, cars: [] },
+        menAtWork: [null, null, null], industryTrack: { cars: [] },
         laborers: 1, porters: 0, usedThisStage: { laborers: 0, porters: 0 },
       },
     } as never);
@@ -560,7 +567,7 @@ describe('the board shows freight work happening', () => {
         outboundBox: [], inboundBox: [],
         capacity: { outbound: 1, inbound: 0 },
         menAtWork: [null, { type: 'hopper', dir: 'out' }, null],
-        industryTrack: { length: 2, cars: [] },
+        industryTrack: { cars: [] },
         laborers: 2, porters: 0, usedThisStage: { laborers: 0, porters: 0 },
       },
     } as never);
@@ -615,7 +622,7 @@ describe('the board shows freight work happening', () => {
           outboundBox: [], inboundBox: [],
           capacity: { outbound: out ? 1 : 0, inbound: into ? 1 : 0 },
           menAtWork: [null, null, null],
-          industryTrack: { length: 2, cars: [] },
+          industryTrack: { cars: [] },
           laborers, porters: 0, usedThisStage: { laborers: 0, porters: 0 },
         },
       } as never);
@@ -680,7 +687,7 @@ describe('the board shows freight work happening', () => {
         outboundBox: [], inboundBox: [],
         capacity: { outbound: 1, inbound: 0 },
         menAtWork: [null, null, null],
-        industryTrack: { length: 2, cars: [] },
+        industryTrack: { cars: [] },
         laborers: 2, porters: 0, usedThisStage: { laborers: 0, porters: 0 },
       },
     } as never);
@@ -1059,7 +1066,7 @@ describe('the page explains itself', () => {
         kind: 'freight' as const, subtype: 'grocersWarehouse',
         allows: { outbound: false, inbound: true },
         outboundBox: [], inboundBox: [], capacity: { outbound: 0, inbound: 1 },
-        menAtWork: [null, null, null], industryTrack: { length: 2, cars: [] },
+        menAtWork: [null, null, null], industryTrack: { cars: [] },
         laborers: 1, porters: 0, usedThisStage: { laborers: 0, porters: 0 },
       },
     };
@@ -1324,8 +1331,23 @@ describe('the static build', () => {
       // it, and a stub without one throws on load — which is a page that never starts, not a
       // cosmetic gap.
       const ownClasses = new Set<string>();
+      // The New Game dialog is a native <dialog>: the page listens for `close` on it at load, and
+      // opens it with `showModal`. Without these the page throws before it draws anything — which
+      // is a page that never starts, exactly what this stub exists to catch.
+      const listeners = new Map<string, ((e?: unknown) => void)[]>();
       const node: Record<string, unknown> = {
         textContent: '', style: {}, dataset: {}, onclick: null, scrollTop: 0, scrollHeight: 0,
+        title: '', returnValue: '', open: false,
+        addEventListener: (type: string, fn: (e?: unknown) => void) =>
+          void listeners.set(type, [...(listeners.get(type) ?? []), fn]),
+        showModal() {
+          (node as { open: boolean }).open = true;
+        },
+        close(value?: string) {
+          (node as { open: boolean; returnValue: string }).open = false;
+          if (value !== undefined) (node as { returnValue: string }).returnValue = value;
+          for (const fn of listeners.get('close') ?? []) fn();
+        },
         classList: {
           add: (c: string) => void ownClasses.add(c),
           remove: (c: string) => void ownClasses.delete(c),
@@ -1740,10 +1762,12 @@ describe('the static build', () => {
       const { options } = actionGroups(game);
       if (options.length === 0 || !submit(game, options[0]!)) break;
     }
-    // Raised 8 -> 10: the widest group is Switching, and the opening deal grew districts from 17.9
-    // to 20.3 cards, so a crew simply has more squares it can legally reach. That is the list getting
-    // longer for a good reason rather than the cross-products this test was written to kill.
-    assert.ok(worst <= 10, `the action list still reaches ${worst} buttons`);
+    // Raised 8 -> 10 -> 13 -> 14. The widest group is Switching every time, which is a crew's
+    // reachable squares — the list getting longer for a good reason rather than the cross-products
+    // this test was written to kill. Re-measured over five seeds (430, 99, 1234, 880009, 202) in all
+    // three opening deals after v0.4.7: 14 under `sixRandom`, 13 under the other two. The deck is
+    // seven cards smaller and Extras run both ways now, so which seeds reach which districts moved.
+    assert.ok(worst <= 14, `the action list still reaches ${worst} buttons`);
   });
 
   it('makes up ONE train at a time, and names that train', () => {
@@ -2494,3 +2518,472 @@ describe('the tray is an engine plus its Rolling Stock', () => {
     }
   });
 });
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('the New Game dialog', () => {
+  /**
+   * DRIVEN THROUGH THE EMITTED BUNDLE, like the highlight test above, because the thing that can go
+   * wrong here is wiring rather than logic: an id that does not match the HTML, a handler on the
+   * wrong element, or a navigation that assigns the search string the page already has and so does
+   * nothing at all. None of that is visible to a test of `rulesFromUrl` in isolation.
+   *
+   * A seed alone stopped naming a game the moment the opening hand and the revenue rates became
+   * settings, so what this really pins is that all four ride in the URL and come back out.
+   */
+  const load = async (search: string) => {
+    execFileSync('node', ['scripts/build-web.ts'], { cwd: root, stdio: 'pipe' });
+
+    const served = new Set(
+      [...readFileSync(join(dist, 'play.html'), 'utf8').matchAll(/id="([a-zA-Z][\w-]*)"/g)].map((m) => m[1]!),
+    );
+    const els = new Map<string, Record<string, unknown>>();
+    /** Enough of an element for the page to start: the dialog's own API, and a settable `value`. */
+    const make = (id: string): Record<string, unknown> => {
+      const listeners = new Map<string, (() => void)[]>();
+      const radios = ['threeRandom', 'sixRandom', 'threeTrackThreeOther'].map((value) => ({
+        value,
+        checked: false,
+      }));
+      let html = '';
+      const node: Record<string, unknown> = {
+        id, value: '', textContent: '', title: '', returnValue: '', open: false,
+        style: {}, dataset: {}, onclick: null, scrollTop: 0, scrollHeight: 0,
+        classList: { add: () => {}, remove: () => {}, contains: () => false, toggle: () => {} },
+        radios,
+        addEventListener: (type: string, fn: () => void) =>
+          void listeners.set(type, [...(listeners.get(type) ?? []), fn]),
+        showModal: () => void ((node as { open: boolean }).open = true),
+        close: () => {
+          (node as { open: boolean }).open = false;
+          for (const fn of listeners.get('close') ?? []) fn();
+        },
+        // Only the radio-group selectors the dialog actually uses; anything else is not this
+        // element's business and answering it with a guess would hide a typo in the real selector.
+        querySelectorAll: (sel: string) => (sel === 'input[name="ng-hand"]' ? radios : []),
+        querySelector: (sel: string) =>
+          sel === 'input[name="ng-hand"]:checked' ? (radios.find((r) => r.checked) ?? null) : null,
+      };
+      Object.defineProperty(node, 'innerHTML', { get: () => html, set: (v: string) => void (html = v) });
+      return node;
+    };
+
+    const g = globalThis as Record<string, unknown>;
+    g['document'] = {
+      getElementById: (id: string) => {
+        if (!served.has(id)) return null;
+        if (!els.has(id)) els.set(id, make(id));
+        return els.get(id);
+      },
+      createElement: () => make('style'),
+      addEventListener: () => {},
+      body: { appendChild: () => {} },
+      head: { appendChild: () => {} },
+    };
+    const nav: { search: string; reloads: number } = { search, reloads: 0 };
+    g['location'] = {
+      get search() { return nav.search; },
+      set search(v: string) { nav.search = v; },
+      reload: () => void (nav.reloads += 1),
+    };
+    const store = new Map<string, string>();
+    g['localStorage'] = {
+      getItem: (k: string) => store.get(k) ?? null,
+      setItem: (k: string, v: string) => void store.set(k, v),
+      removeItem: (k: string) => void store.delete(k),
+    };
+    g['URLSearchParams'] = NodeURLSearchParams;
+    g['confirm'] = () => true;
+
+    await import(`file://${join(dist, 'web/main.js')}?t=${Date.now()}-${Math.random()}`);
+    return { els, nav };
+  };
+
+  it('opens on the rules in play, so a second game can be dealt to compare with the first', async () => {
+    // Re-entering four settings for every comparison game is how a comparison silently stops
+    // comparing. The seed is the one field that clears: the same seed twice is not a second sample.
+    const { els } = await load('?seed=430&hand=sixRandom&passenger=2&freight=3&transit=4');
+    (els.get('newgame')!['onclick'] as () => void)();
+
+    const dlg = els.get('newgamedlg')!;
+    assert.equal(dlg['open'], true, 'the New game button did not open the dialog');
+    assert.equal(els.get('ng-seed')!['value'], '', 'the seed box kept the last game’s seed');
+    assert.equal(els.get('ng-passenger')!['value'], '2');
+    assert.equal(els.get('ng-freight')!['value'], '3');
+    assert.equal(els.get('ng-transit')!['value'], '4');
+    const checked = (dlg['radios'] as { value: string; checked: boolean }[]).filter((r) => r.checked);
+    assert.deepEqual(checked.map((r) => r.value), ['sixRandom'], 'the opening hand in play was not preselected');
+  });
+
+  it('puts the seed and all three settings into the URL when it deals', async () => {
+    const { els, nav } = await load('?seed=430');
+    (els.get('newgame')!['onclick'] as () => void)();
+
+    const dlg = els.get('newgamedlg')!;
+    els.get('ng-seed')!['value'] = '99';
+    for (const r of dlg['radios'] as { value: string; checked: boolean }[]) r.checked = r.value === 'threeTrackThreeOther';
+    els.get('ng-passenger')!['value'] = '5';
+    els.get('ng-freight')!['value'] = '0';
+    els.get('ng-transit')!['value'] = '2';
+    dlg['returnValue'] = 'deal';
+    (dlg['close'] as () => void)();
+
+    assert.equal(nav.search, '?seed=99&hand=threeTrackThreeOther&passenger=5&freight=0&transit=2');
+  });
+
+  it('deals nothing on cancel, and nothing on Esc', async () => {
+    // Esc closes a <dialog> with an empty returnValue and fires no submit at all, so "not deal" has
+    // to be the test rather than "cancel" — the two arrive identically.
+    for (const returnValue of ['cancel', '']) {
+      const { els, nav } = await load('?seed=430');
+      (els.get('newgame')!['onclick'] as () => void)();
+      const dlg = els.get('newgamedlg')!;
+      dlg['returnValue'] = returnValue;
+      (dlg['close'] as () => void)();
+      assert.equal(nav.search, '?seed=430', `closing with "${returnValue}" navigated`);
+      assert.equal(nav.reloads, 0, `closing with "${returnValue}" reloaded`);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('reloads when the answers are the URL the page already has, so a re-deal is not a no-op', async () => {
+    // Dealing a random seed, disliking it and dealing again at the same settings produces the same
+    // search string — and assigning `location.search` the value it already holds does nothing.
+    const url = '?hand=threeRandom&passenger=1&freight=1&transit=0';
+    const { els, nav } = await load(url);
+    (els.get('newgame')!['onclick'] as () => void)();
+    const dlg = els.get('newgamedlg')!;
+    dlg['returnValue'] = 'deal';
+    (dlg['close'] as () => void)();
+
+    assert.equal(nav.search, url, 'the URL should be unchanged — that is the whole case');
+    assert.equal(nav.reloads, 1, 'a re-deal at the same settings did nothing at all');
+  });
+
+  it('deals the game the URL describes, and says so in the header', async () => {
+    // The other half of the round trip: the dialog wrote those parameters, and this is the page
+    // reading them back. Without this the two halves can drift and each still pass its own test.
+    const { els } = await load('?seed=430&hand=sixRandom&passenger=4&freight=2&transit=1');
+    assert.match(String(els.get('houserules')!['textContent']), /6 cards.*4\/2\/1/);
+    assert.match(String(els.get('houserules')!['title']), /six random cards/i);
+  });
+
+  it('ignores a seed the browser cannot parse rather than refusing to deal', async () => {
+    // Blank and unparseable both plainly mean "surprise me"; an error dialog over a typo in an
+    // optional box is not worth writing.
+    const { els, nav } = await load('?seed=430');
+    (els.get('newgame')!['onclick'] as () => void)();
+    const dlg = els.get('newgamedlg')!;
+    els.get('ng-seed')!['value'] = 'not a number';
+    dlg['returnValue'] = 'deal';
+    (dlg['close'] as () => void)();
+
+    assert.equal(nav.search, '?hand=threeRandom&passenger=1&freight=1&transit=0', 'a bad seed was carried into the URL');
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('making up a Local says which order the cars go on in', () => {
+  /**
+   * REPORTED from play: "I can't drop a car at all — trying to get an empty to an industry, but I
+   * can't drop any cars on the siding first."
+   *
+   * Trains 7/8 print "coach must remain on station track if switching", which the engine reads as
+   * "the coach is never set out". A cut comes off an OUTER end, so a coach on one outer end with the
+   * engine on the other leaves every available cut containing the coach: the train cannot set out
+   * its freight car, and cannot uncouple to run around either, because that leaves the coach
+   * standing too. Measured over 60 games, 1,181 positions where a set-out should have been possible
+   * and every single one refused — and no other train blocked once.
+   *
+   * Cars are appended as they are clicked with the engine on the nose, so the LAST car added takes
+   * the outer end. The whole remedy is therefore "do not add the coach last", and the whole bug was
+   * that nothing said so until the crew was on the district with no button to press.
+   */
+  const localTray = (consist: { type: string; loaded: boolean }[]): Game => {
+    const game = newGame(4242);
+    const s = game.state;
+    const id = s.freeTrays.pop()!;
+    s.trays.set(id, {
+      id, trainNumber: 8, trainIsExtra: false, engineAt: 0,
+      consist: consist as never, direction: 'east',
+      position: { at: 'divisionPoint', side: 'west' }, movesUsed: 0,
+    });
+    const dp = s.division.nodes.find((n) => n.kind === 'divisionPoint' && n.side === 'west');
+    if (dp?.kind === 'divisionPoint') dp.holding.push(id);
+    s.clock.phase = 'newTrain';
+    s.clock.currentActor = 0;
+    return game;
+  };
+
+  const box = { type: 'boxcar', loaded: false };
+  const coach = { type: 'coach', loaded: false };
+
+  it('tells an empty Local to put the coach on first', () => {
+    const advice = actionMenu(localTray([])).makeUp?.advice;
+    assert.ok(advice, 'no advice offered while making up a Local');
+    assert.equal(advice.tone, 'hint');
+    assert.match(advice.text, /coach FIRST/);
+  });
+
+  it('reads the coach-on-first step as the next step, not as a mistake', () => {
+    // The coach lands on the outer end the moment it goes on — including for the player who has just
+    // been told to put it there first. Colouring that as an error punishes them for taking the
+    // advice, so while a freight car is still there to add this stays a hint and names it.
+    const advice = actionMenu(localTray([coach])).makeUp?.advice;
+    assert.ok(advice, 'no advice offered with the coach on the outer end');
+    assert.equal(advice.tone, 'hint');
+    assert.match(advice.text, /Now add the freight car/);
+  });
+
+  it('turns into a real warning once nothing is left that would fix it', () => {
+    // Coach on the outer end and an empty Division Yard: there is no next step, and the train is
+    // about to go out unable to set anything out for the rest of its run.
+    const game = localTray([coach]);
+    game.state.yards.divisionYard.length = 0;
+    const advice = actionMenu(game).makeUp?.advice;
+    assert.ok(advice, 'no advice offered with the coach stuck on the outer end');
+    assert.equal(advice.tone, 'warn');
+    assert.match(advice.text, /nothing left to add/);
+  });
+
+  it('does not say "coach first" once it is too late to add it first', () => {
+    // The freight car is already on, so a coach added now can only land on the outer end. Telling
+    // the player to add the coach first here would be advice they cannot take — the honest answer
+    // is that the coach is what would lock the train, and it may be left off.
+    const advice = actionMenu(localTray([box])).makeUp?.advice;
+    assert.ok(advice, 'no advice offered with the freight car already on');
+    assert.equal(advice.tone, 'warn');
+    assert.doesNotMatch(advice.text, /FIRST/);
+    assert.match(advice.text, /without the coach/);
+  });
+
+  it('says nothing when there is no coach coming', () => {
+    // A Division Yard with no coach in it, which is an ordinary state late in a game. A Local made
+    // up of freight alone switches perfectly well, so there is nothing to warn about.
+    const game = localTray([]);
+    for (let i = game.state.yards.divisionYard.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      if (game.state.yards.divisionYard[i]!.type === 'coach') game.state.yards.divisionYard.splice(i, 1);
+    }
+    assert.equal(actionMenu(game).makeUp?.advice ?? null, null);
+  });
+
+  it('says nothing at all for a train the order cannot lock', () => {
+    // Every other train in the game. A standing caption on all of them is how this one gets skipped.
+    const game = newGame(4242);
+    const s = game.state;
+    const id = s.freeTrays.pop()!;
+    s.trays.set(id, {
+      id, trainNumber: 10, trainIsExtra: false, engineAt: 0, // Heavy Freight — no coach rule
+      consist: [box] as never, direction: 'east',
+      position: { at: 'divisionPoint', side: 'west' }, movesUsed: 0,
+    });
+    const dp = s.division.nodes.find((n) => n.kind === 'divisionPoint' && n.side === 'west');
+    if (dp?.kind === 'divisionPoint') dp.holding.push(id);
+    s.clock.phase = 'newTrain';
+    s.clock.currentActor = 0;
+    assert.equal(actionMenu(game).makeUp?.advice ?? null, null);
+  });
+
+  it('the order it recommends is one the rules actually allow a set-out from', () => {
+    // The advice is worthless if it names an arrangement that is merely a different dead end. This
+    // is the claim under it, checked against `check` rather than against the prose.
+    const s = newGame(4242).state;
+    const at = { row: 1, col: 1 };
+    areaOf(s, 0).grid.set(`${at.row},${at.col}`, {
+      geometry: { kind: 'track', geometry: 'straight' },
+      baseOperationalRail: true, standing: [], facility: null, modifiers: [], enhancements: [],
+    } as never);
+    const put = (consist: { type: string; loaded: boolean }[]): string => {
+      const id = s.freeTrays.pop()!;
+      s.trays.set(id, {
+        id, trainNumber: 8, trainIsExtra: false, engineAt: 0,
+        consist: consist.map((c) => ({ ...c })) as never, direction: 'east', facing: 'e',
+        position: { at: 'grid', seat: 0, coord: at }, movesUsed: 0,
+      });
+      return id;
+    };
+    s.clock.phase = 'localOps';
+    s.clock.currentActor = 0;
+    turnOf(s, 0).option = 'switch';
+
+    const canDrop = (id: string): boolean =>
+      [1, 2].some((count) =>
+        [false, true].some(
+          (fromNose) =>
+            check(s, 0, { type: 'switch.dropCars', trayId: id, count, ...(fromNose ? { fromNose } : {}) }) === null,
+        ),
+      );
+
+    assert.equal(canDrop(put([coach, box])), true, 'the recommended order still cannot set out');
+    assert.equal(canDrop(put([box, coach])), false, 'the order being warned against is not actually a trap');
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe('two crews switching are told apart', () => {
+  /**
+   * REPORTED from play: "when switching, make it clear which train you are switching — it is
+   * possible to have more than one train available."
+   *
+   * A train standing on an A/D track while a local shunts is ordinary, and the page handled it in
+   * two ways that were both wrong. `Frame.moves` was built from the FIRST tray in the map, with a
+   * comment admitting it, so the board highlighted one crew's reachable squares while the action
+   * list offered every crew's moves under a single "Switching" heading of bare coordinates.
+   *
+   * Worse, identical labels were collapsed across the whole action kind: "move to (0, 2)" describes
+   * one crew's move exactly as it describes another's, so one of the two was silently DROPPED and
+   * could not be chosen at all.
+   */
+  const twoCrews = (): Game => {
+    const game = newGame(4242);
+    const s = game.state;
+    const area = areaOf(s, 0);
+    // A row of plain track either side of the Office, so both crews have somewhere to go.
+    for (const col of [-2, -1, 1, 2]) {
+      area.grid.set(`${area.officeCoord.row},${area.officeCoord.col + col}`, {
+        geometry: { kind: 'track', geometry: 'straight' },
+        baseOperationalRail: true, standing: [], facility: null, modifiers: [], enhancements: [],
+      } as never);
+    }
+    // Facing each other across the Office, so BOTH reach it running forward and both moves
+    // therefore describe identically — which is the collision this fixture exists to create.
+    const put = (trainNumber: number, col: number, facing: 'e' | 'w'): string => {
+      const id = s.freeTrays.pop()!;
+      s.trays.set(id, {
+        id, trainNumber, trainIsExtra: false, engineAt: 0, consist: [],
+        direction: facing === 'e' ? 'east' : 'west', facing,
+        position: { at: 'grid', seat: 0, coord: { row: area.officeCoord.row, col } },
+        movesUsed: 0,
+      });
+      return id;
+    };
+    put(10, area.officeCoord.col - 1, 'e'); // Heavy Freight, running east at the Office
+    put(12, area.officeCoord.col + 1, 'w'); // Drag Freight, running west at it
+    s.clock.phase = 'localOps';
+    s.clock.currentActor = 0;
+    turnOf(s, 0).option = 'switch';
+    return game;
+  };
+
+  it('gives each crew its own heading, naming the train and where it stands', () => {
+    const titles = actionMenu(twoCrews()).direct.map((g) => g.title).filter((t) => /^Switching/.test(t));
+    assert.equal(titles.length, 2, `expected one heading per crew, got ${JSON.stringify(titles)}`);
+    assert.ok(titles.some((t) => /Train 10/.test(t)), `no heading names Train 10: ${JSON.stringify(titles)}`);
+    assert.ok(titles.some((t) => /Train 12/.test(t)), `no heading names Train 12: ${JSON.stringify(titles)}`);
+    assert.ok(titles.every((t) => /standing at \(/.test(t)), 'a heading does not say where its crew is');
+  });
+
+  it('keeps a move that both crews can make, instead of dropping one of them', () => {
+    // The two crews flank the Office, so each can reach it and both moves describe identically.
+    // Before, the second was collapsed into the first and one train simply could not be sent there.
+    const game = twoCrews();
+    const office = areaOf(game.state, 0).officeCoord;
+    const label = `move to (${office.row},${office.col})`;
+
+    const groups = actionMenu(game).direct.filter((g) => /^Switching/.test(g.title));
+    const offering = groups.filter((g) => g.actions.some((a) => a.label === label));
+    assert.equal(offering.length, 2, 'the same move is not offered for both crews');
+
+    // And they are genuinely different actions, not the same index shown twice.
+    const indices = offering.map((g) => g.actions.find((a) => a.label === label)!.index);
+    assert.notEqual(indices[0], indices[1], 'both crews were pointed at one intent');
+
+    // Each really does move its own crew.
+    const { options } = actionGroups(game);
+    const trays = indices.map((i) => (options[i] as { trayId: string }).trayId);
+    assert.notEqual(trays[0], trays[1], 'the two buttons move the same tray');
+  });
+
+  it('reports every crew on the Frame, so the board can highlight the one you picked', () => {
+    const f = view(twoCrews());
+    assert.equal(f.moves.length, 2);
+    assert.deepEqual(f.moves.map((m) => m.label).sort(), ['Train 10', 'Train 12']);
+    for (const m of f.moves) assert.ok(m.to.length > 0, `${m.label} has no reachable squares`);
+    // Each entry is that crew's own square, not a shared one.
+    assert.notDeepEqual(f.moves[0]!.from, f.moves[1]!.from);
+  });
+
+  it('leaves out a train the rules will not let switch at all', () => {
+    // `movesFor` is pure track geometry; six cards print "no switching" and `check` enforces it.
+    // Offering the Circus Train in a "which train are you switching?" row offers a train whose
+    // every move is refused.
+    const game = twoCrews();
+    const s = game.state;
+    const circus = [...s.trays.values()][0]!;
+    circus.trainNumber = 18;
+    circus.trainIsExtra = true; // X18 Circus Train — noSwitching
+    const f = view(game);
+    assert.equal(f.moves.length, 1, 'a no-switching train was offered as a crew to switch');
+    assert.equal(f.moves[0]!.label, 'Train 12');
+  });
+});
+
+describe('the Superintendent ruling names the train it is ruling on', () => {
+  /**
+   * REPORTED from play: "when the Superintendent has to rule on a train to allow or hold, it should
+   * indicate what train number he is ruling on in the primary display — you should not have to look
+   * at the tooltip."
+   *
+   * The page splits an action label at the first em-dash: the head goes on the BUTTON and the rest
+   * becomes the hover. "ALLOW — Train 7 follows Train 4…" therefore put the train number in the one
+   * place a player is not looking while making the sharpest decision in the game. Asserted on the
+   * head alone, exactly as `actionButton` cuts it, so a label rewritten back into the tooltip fails.
+   */
+  const facing = (): Game => {
+    const game = newGame(4242);
+    const s = game.state;
+    // A train already occupying the first Mainline card, running east.
+    s.trays.set('ahead', {
+      id: 'ahead', trainNumber: 4, trainIsExtra: false, engineAt: 0, consist: [],
+      direction: 'east', position: { at: 'mainline', index: 1 }, movesUsed: 0,
+    } as never);
+    const ml = s.division.nodes[1];
+    if (ml?.kind === 'mainline') {
+      // Pin the terrain: Double Track and Uncontrolled Siding set `trainsMayPass`, which legitimately
+      // removes the §8.1 bar this fixture exists to trip.
+      ml.card = 'plains';
+      ml.transits.push({ tray: 'ahead', stagesRemaining: 2, stagesTotal: 2, direction: 'east' });
+    }
+    // A second train at the Western Division Point wanting to follow it onto that card.
+    s.trays.set('behind', {
+      id: 'behind', trainNumber: 7, trainIsExtra: false, engineAt: 0, consist: [],
+      direction: 'east', position: { at: 'divisionPoint', side: 'west' }, movesUsed: 0,
+    } as never);
+    s.clock.phase = 'mainline';
+    s.movedThisPhase = new Set();
+    drain(game);
+    return game;
+  };
+
+  /** What the page actually prints on the button — `actionButton` cuts at the first ' — '. */
+  const head = (label: string): string => {
+    const cut = label.indexOf(' — ');
+    return cut > 0 ? label.slice(0, cut) : label;
+  };
+
+  it('puts both train numbers on the ALLOW and HOLD buttons themselves', () => {
+    const game = facing();
+    assert.notEqual(game.state.clock.pendingDecision, null, 'the phase did not stop to ask');
+    const group = actionMenu(game).direct.find((g) => /^Superintendent/.test(g.title));
+    assert.ok(group, 'no Superintendent group in the action list');
+    const heads = group.actions.map((a) => head(a.label));
+    assert.equal(heads.length, 2, `expected ALLOW and HOLD, got ${JSON.stringify(heads)}`);
+    assert.ok(
+      heads.every((h) => /Train 7/.test(h)),
+      `a ruling button does not name the train being ruled on: ${JSON.stringify(heads)}`,
+    );
+    assert.ok(
+      heads.some((h) => /^ALLOW/.test(h) && /Train 4/.test(h)),
+      `ALLOW does not name the train ahead: ${JSON.stringify(heads)}`,
+    );
+    assert.ok(heads.some((h) => /^HOLD/.test(h)), `no HOLD button: ${JSON.stringify(heads)}`);
+  });
+
+  it('asks the question in the heading, naming both trains', () => {
+    const title = actionMenu(facing()).direct.map((g) => g.title).find((t) => /^Superintendent/.test(t));
+    assert.ok(title, 'no Superintendent heading');
+    assert.match(title, /Train 7/);
+    assert.match(title, /Train 4/);
+  });
+});